VO_2/FTO复合薄膜的制备及其光电特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射法在掺氟的SnO_2(FTO)导电玻璃衬底上沉积纯钒金属薄膜,再在常压氮氧混合气氛中退火制备VO_2/FTO复合热致变色薄膜,并对复合薄膜的结构、光学特性以及电学特性进行了测试分析。结果表明,薄膜结晶程度较高,表面平滑致密,具有很好的一致性,导电玻璃上的FTO并没有改变VO_2择优取向生长,但明显改变了VO_2薄膜的表面形貌特征。与VO_2薄膜的典型相变温度68℃相比,VO_2/FTO复合薄膜的相变温度降低约20℃,热滞回线收窄到5℃,相变前后的红外透过率分别为45%和22%,相变前后电阻率的变化达3个数量级,VO_2/FTO复合薄膜优良的光电特性对新型光电薄膜器件的设计开发和应用具有重要意义。     

快速热处理温度对纳米结构二氧化钒薄膜相变特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在单晶硅基底表面制备了单一相纳米结构二氧化钒(VO_2)薄膜,相变幅度超过2个量级;利用快速热处理设备对VO_2薄膜进行热处理,研究氮气氛下快速热处理温度对VO_2相变特性的影响。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、高精度透射电子显微镜和四探针测试仪对热处理前后薄膜的结晶结构、表面形貌和电学相变特性分别进行了测试。实验结果表明,快速热处理状态下,温度为300℃时,VO_2薄膜的电阻相变幅度由200倍增加到277倍,但是当温度超过350℃后,相变性能迅速变差,相变幅度由2个量级下降为小于1个量级,当温度超过500℃时,相变特性消失;热处理温度升高的过程中,单斜VO_2(011)结晶结构逐渐消失,薄膜的成分转变为V4O7;快速热处理过程中薄膜内的颗粒尺寸保持不变。研究结果将有助于增强对VO_2薄膜在温度差异大、变化速度快环境中的特性进行分析与应用。     

大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-3%TiO2涂层的性能

利用两种中频交流磁控溅射电源,溅射Al2O3含量为2%的两块氧化锌铝陶瓷靶材,在不同衬底温度的条件下制备得到了ZAO薄膜。研究了不同衬底温度条件下不同靶材和溅射电源对ZAO薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响。结果表明,制备得到的ZAO薄膜均具有c轴择优取向生长的晶体结构,在衬底温度为240℃时,得到的ZAO薄膜的电阻率低至1.4×10-3Ω·cm,可见光平均透过率在82%以上。     

磁控溅射制备低相转变温度氧化钒薄膜

采用直流反应磁控溅射法在不同氧分压气氛下制备了氧化钒薄膜,并进行后续真空退火处理。分别利用X-射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜和综合物性仪分析薄膜的相成分、表面形貌以及电性能。结果表明:随着氧分压的增加,450℃退火1h的薄膜逐渐由非晶态转变为VO_2(M),VO_2(M,B)和V_6O_(13)的混合结构,并且晶化程度逐渐提高。氧分压6.67%的薄膜相转变温度(TMST)接近52℃,SEM分析表明,微裂纹的存在为相转变时应力释放提供空间,降低了TMST。氧分压10%的薄膜具有-2.38%/K的电阻温度系数(TCR)值和1.67×10~4Ω的室温电阻值,满足制备非致冷红外探测器的要求。     

退火对栅介质SrHfON薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在Si衬底上制备新型栅介质SrHfON薄膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)分析退火对SrHfON薄膜的界面形态、薄膜的结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明,SrHfON薄膜经900℃退火后仍保持非晶态,表现出良好的热稳定性。SrHfON薄膜与Si衬底的界面主要由HfSixOy和SiO2组成。以SrHfON薄膜为栅介质的MOS电容结构具有较小的漏电流密度,并且漏电流密度随着退火温度的升高而减小。在外加偏压(Vg)为+1V时样品在沉积态和900℃退火后的漏电流密度分别为4.3×10-6和1.2×10-7A/cm2。研究表明,SrHfON薄膜是一种很有希望替代SiO2的新型栅介质材料。     

镧系合金表面镀Pd工艺研究

研究了通过表面处理改善镧系贮氢合金性能的技术.采用敏化、活化和化学镀技术,研究了镀膜时间、镀膜温度对Pd形貌、Pd含量的影响,在合金粉末表面镀制了Pd薄膜.结果表明:优化的镀覆工艺为化学镀Pd,其适宜时间为2h,镀液温度在50～60℃之间,镀液浓度(以PdCl2计算)为1.70～2.55g/L之间.     

退火升温速率对VO2薄膜相变性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在云母(001)衬底表面制备氧化钒薄膜,然后通过高温退火获得VO2多晶膜.利用SEM、FTIR等手段,分析不同退火升温速率条件下所制备薄膜的微观形貌、光学性能和热致相变特性.结果表明:在退火升温速率为8 ℃/min时,所制备的VO2薄膜具有最优异的热致相变特性,相变温度为65 ℃,滞后温宽为10 ℃.     

High Temperature Tribological Properties of Ti-GLC Films Deposited on Different Bearing Steel SubstratesEI北大核心CSCD

针对航空发动机主轴轴承服役工况恶劣和类石墨碳基薄膜在高温环境下的性能研究不足等问题,采用磁控溅射技术在不同轴承钢基体(M50 钢、M50NiL 钢和 W9Cr4V2Mo 钢)上沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜,探究在不同温度下的摩擦学性能。采用 SEM、 Raman 分析薄膜的微观结构,采用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪等测试其力学性能,利用 MFT-5000 型多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试所镀薄膜在不同温度下(室温、200 ℃、250 ℃和 300 ℃)的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在三种不同轴承钢基体沉积的 Ti-GLC 薄膜,其硬度和弹性模量变化不大,结合力从大到小依次为 M50＞M50NiL＞W9Cr4V2Mo。随着温度的升高,三种钢基体沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜的摩擦因数均逐渐增大,而磨损率则先减小后增大,且表现出不同的磨损形式。三种轴承钢基体沉积 Ti-GLC 薄膜的最佳工作温度区间为室温~200 ℃,M50 钢基体所镀薄膜具有更好的力学性能和摩擦学性能,其结合力达到 80 N 以上, 300 ℃时的平均摩擦因数为 0.125,磨损率仅为 3.05×10^?17 m³ /(N·m)。研究成果为类石墨碳基薄膜在高温环境下的实际应用奠定了理论基础。     

反应磁控溅射法制备Y2O3金刚石红外减反膜

采用纯钇(Y)金属靶,在氧 氩反应气氛中进行了Y2O3薄膜直流反应磁控溅射沉积.研究了工艺参数改变对薄膜的影响,选择较优的工艺在金刚石表面沉积符合光学厚度的薄膜,达到增透减反射效果.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了薄膜的组成和结构.利用X射线衍射仪(GIXRD)和椭偏仪(Ellipsometer)研究了不同衬底温度和热处理温度对氧化钇薄膜组织结构和光学性能的影响.采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)检测了镀膜前后金刚石红外透过性能.研究发现Y2O3薄膜能够有效提高金刚石在8～12 μm的红外透过性能,在8 μm处最大增透可达21.8%,使金刚石红外透过率由66.4%提高到88.2%;在3～5 μm范围,双面镀制了Y2O3薄膜的金刚石平均透过率达64.9%,比没有镀膜的金刚石在该处的平均透过率54%高出10.9%.     

Zn靶与掺铝ZnO靶共溅射制备ZnO:Al薄膜及其性能

采用Zn靶和ZnO(掺2%Al2O3(质量分数))陶瓷靶在玻璃衬底上共溅射沉积Al掺杂ZnO薄膜,即ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜,研究Zn靶溅射功率(0～90 W)和衬底温度(室温、100℃和200℃)对薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。结果表明:按双靶共溅射工艺制备的ZnO:Al薄膜的晶体结构均为六角纤锌矿结构,且随着Zn靶溅射功率的增加,薄膜的结晶质量呈现出先改善后变差的规律,薄膜中的载流子浓度逐渐升高,电阻率逐渐降低,而薄膜的光学性能受其影响不大;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的结晶性能得到改善,薄膜的可见光透过率增强,电阻率降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。