变压器直流偏磁及其与接地电阻关系的研究

Recently years,UHVDC transmission system is paid more attention to in the field of China’s power system.It takes key part in the China electrical power development stratagem.But,many problems are caused by UHVDC system,such as DC bias,corrosion of metal underground and so on.DC bias is harm to the transformers nearby UHVDC grounding polar.In this paper,the influences of DC grounding current on transformer are introduced and some suggestions of DC bias solution were provided.And,the relationship between UHVDC Grounding Current and grounding Resistance of Substation was analyzed.Firstly,two-part network circuit was used to equivalent the grounding circuit.Then,an analysis of rules was done between DC bias current and grounding resistance.Finally,the conclusion is given that DC bias current rises fast as DC grounding resistance or AC grounding resistance rises.It drops when resistance of AC transmission line or interaction resistance between DC grounding system and AC grounding system rises.Decreasing AC grounding resistance and DC grounding resistance is important to restrain DC bias current.Increasing resistance of AC transmission line such as adding resistance into transformer neutral-point grounding is a useful way to limit DC bias current.     

向家坝—上海±800kV特高压直流输电工程中直流电压分压器故障分析(英文)

Transient DC voltage measurement error has been observed several times ever since Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800 kV UHVDC project started its commercial operation.The measurement error causes considerable disturbances to the AC networks.By analyzing the time frequency record,simulating faults at different positions of the divider,and testing the gas in voltage dividers,the fault is located and then is proved to be some partial discharges inside DC voltage dividers.The reason of the internal flashes and the solution to the problem is also discussed in this paper.The conclusion is that instead of N2,SF6 should be used for the internal insulation of high voltage DC voltage dividers.     

基于ATP-EMTP的±500kV直流线路雷击事故仿真分析(英文)

This paper calculates and researches on lightning accident of ±500 kV Xing-An DC transmission line in Guangdong based on ATP-EMTP and the simulation calculation model of the HVDC has been constructed. The results show that: when a lightning current strikes to the positive polar conductor of double circuit transmission line and the flashover of insulator strings occurs, as the over-voltage wave propagating along the lines due to the coupling effect between the conductors, the grounding electrode lines would produce the coupling voltage wave, which makes the flashover of the insulator strings occur at the different place along the grounding electrode lines, the unbalanced current of the grounding polar line is produced due to the insulator strings flashover and the unbalanced current exists for a long time, when the unbalanced current is up to the locking condition, the negative polar conductor is locked and the double-pole block fault occurs. In the paper, some effective measures are given to prevent this accident.     

高压直流单极运行对某220kV变电站的影响分析

高压直流输电可引起变压器直流偏磁问题。为定量描述直流偏磁对变压器的影响,介绍了所采用的土壤模型及接地极电位分布,详细阐述了"二层地"结构下的电位计算方法,并针对单环、双环接地计算出大地电位。分析了500 kV天广直流在单极接地运行方式下对220 kV某变电站的影响,得出该运行方式对该站的严重影响。     

特高压直流输电持续单极运行时接地极对地表温升的影响

特高压直流输电系统以大地回流方式运行时,较大的直流电流流入大地,使接地极周边的土壤温度上升,会对土壤环境和植物生长造成影响。分析了接地极调试运行状况和接地极所在区域自然生态环境现状,估算了极端(持续单极运行)情况下的地表温度变化幅度,评估了接地极单极运行可能带来的影响。     

直流单极运行对交流变压器的影响

超高压直流输电系统运行中地中电流使处于不同地电位的交流变压器中性点之间通过变压器绕组产生直流电流,分析了该直流电流对三相芯式、三相五柱式和三相分体式等不同结构变压器偏磁的影响,并结合实测结果分析了政平直流站对江苏500kV和220kV电网中性点接地运行的变压器的影响,根据有关分析提出了相应的建议。     

葛一南直流输电系统单极运行对宜昌电网影响情况的分析

介绍了几次葛一南直流输电系统单极运行时葛州坝换流站接地极对近区220kV运行变压器的影响情况，分析了这种影响的电气原理和各次的特点，指出其危害性。     

高压直流接地极单极运行对变压器脉动冲击

讨论了直流接地极双极转单极大地方式运行时,偏磁电流对近区变压器励磁特性的影响.基于场路耦合原理建立了变压器直流偏磁联合仿真模型,分析了接地极单极大地方式运行对交流电网以及变压器励磁特性的作用机理.通过仿真模型分析,结果表明:直流接地极双极转单极大地方式运行时,流过交流电网的偏磁电流为随时间变化的脉动型直流电流,其侵入变...     

特高压直流输电系统换流站的优化设计(英文)

Based on the consultation and study for Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800 kV UHVDC(ultra high voltage direct current) project,this paper presents an optimal design for key technique solutions.In this paper,the DC system electrical scheme design,the DC filter design,the DC harmonic component suppression,the over voltage and insulation coordination,the requirements for converter station equipment,the main equipment technical parameters of equipment(including thyristor valve,converter transformer,smoothing reactor,DC breaker),the configuration of measuring device and DC control protection system,and the de-icing operation design are investigated.According to the UHVDC technology researched conclusions and the development of the project construction,the UHVDC system design for converter stations becomes an optimal combination.The optimized design solves numbers of technical problems of the world’s first UHVDC project,and it is applied to the project’s construction.Under the actual operating condition,the optimized design is proved to be correct and superior.These optimal design conclusions are impartment for developing UHVDC technique and equipment,and provide reference for future UHVDC projects.     

直流电流密度对土壤电阻率的影响

高压直流输电系统的接地电流在1 000 A以上,为确保直流接地系统的安全运行,该文对直流电流密度与土壤电阻率的关系进行了研究。首先,利用多孔介质模型分析直流条件下土壤的导电机制,得出土壤电阻率的计算公式以及直流电流密度对土壤电阻率的影响规律。然后设计相应的实验进行定量分析,认为离子携带的总电荷数|zi|Ci以及离子迁移能力mi是影响土壤电阻率的主要因素,这种影响可以按直流电流密度的大小分为3个区段,第1个区段内土壤电阻率不随电流密度变化;第2个区段内土壤电阻率随电流密度增大而快速上升;在第3个区段,土壤电阻率随着电流密度的上升而快速下降。文中对造成这种现象的原因进行解释,并建立简化数学模型,该模型可以对不同直流电流密度下的土壤电阻率进行近似计算。     

土壤电阻率的温度特性及其对直流接地极发热的影响

为了更准确地分析接地极的发热情况,确保接地系统的安全运行,通过土壤温升模拟试验,获得了土壤在一定温度范围内的电阻率与温度、含水量的变化规律,试验结果表明:当温度较高时,土壤水分蒸发加快,土壤电阻率迅速增大,并呈指数上升。基于试验结果,结合电流场理论及传热学原理,建立了简单直线型接地极的发热仿真模型,从仿真结果中发现:土壤电阻率的变化会影响接地极表面的散流分布,从而改变接地极附近土壤的温度分布。对比传统计算模型中将土壤电阻率视为恒定的情况,该模型计算结果说明接地极附近土壤温升速度更快。试验及仿真结果说明,计算时考虑土壤电阻率的温度特性对接地极发热的影响,将有利于接地极的安全设计和维护。     

饱和水土壤电阻率温度特性及对直流接地极温升的影响

针对土壤含水量较高的区域直流接地极温升特性不明的问题,对不同类型的土壤进行了水饱和温升电阻率测量。并在此基础上建立了饱和水土壤接地极的电热耦合有限元模型。通过算例与未考虑含水饱和土壤电阻率温升效应的仿真结果进行对比,发现其温升结果明显偏低,随着电流注入时间的增加,电极温升曲线的饱和度变得更加明显。最后进行了饱和水土壤垂直电极的温升试验,验证了耦合模型的可靠性。实验和仿真结果表明,考虑饱和水土壤温度特性可使计算误差降低31.84%。因此,结合饱和水土壤电阻率温度特性对接地极进行温升计算,能更大程度的保证计算的准确性。     

特高压直流输电接地极大地电阻率测试研究

在特高压直流线路的送、受端,与换流站配套的接地极承担着单极运行时形成大地回路的电极作用,其选址、设计对整个线路的安全运行极其重要。接地极的设计包括接地电阻、跨步电压等计算均需要准确可信的地层电阻率资料。特别是在锦屏-苏南线路同里换流站庙泾接地极及溪洛渡-浙西金华换流站金丝接地极单极运行引起附近变电站偏磁报警事件之后,对接地极深部(地下50 km)地层电阻率的测试尤显重要。针对设计方的要求,根据几种物探方法的应用条件及其主要的优势、劣势,提出了一套测试方法的组合,即用常规对称四极了解极环埋深处(地下3~4 m)和300 m以浅地层的电阻率分层,用可控源声频大地电磁(CSAMT)了解300 m~3 km地层电阻率,用大地电磁(MT)了解3~50 km地层电阻率。实践证明该方法组合既很好满足了设计需求,也具有较好经济性和可操作性,可以在一定范围内推广。     

高土壤电阻率地区变电站地网设计

针对高土壤电阻率地区变电站接地系统的接地电阻很难满足规程要求的问题,结合工程实例讨论了变电站的接地网设计方法。采用先进的接地系统辅助设计工具——CDEGS软件包对高土壤电阻率变电站的接地系统进行设计,接地电阻、接触电位和跨步电位的计算结果证明,该设计方法行之有效。     

葛-南直流输电系统单极运行对宜昌电网影响情况的分析

介绍了几次葛—南直流输电系统单极运行时葛州坝换流站接地极对近区220 kV运行变压器的影响情况,分析了这种影响的电气原理和各次的特点,指出其危害性。     

高土壤电阻率沙地风电场的接地研究

针对江西地区沙地风电场土壤电阻率高的问题,对目前风电场普遍采用的深埋接地板、外引接地线、接地模块、单个风机接地网互连等接地方案在沙地风电场中的缺点进行了详细的分析。考虑接地工程对造价、施工周期的要求,在工程实践中进行积极探索和研究,推荐在沙地风电场接地工程中,采用钢接地棒、用洛阳铲做接地井、在风机场地下做三层地网等多种措施的联合实施方案。     

云广特高压孤岛运行方式下单极闭锁性能试验分析

2013年5月26日,为进一步验证云广特高压孤岛状态下的电压、频率控制策略,开展了孤岛方式下的单极闭锁性能试验。试验表明,孤岛系统出现单极闭锁后,机组发电功率和直流输送功率能协调控制,并恢复稳态。但整流站直流站控系统无功控制模式若为定无功功率控制模式,将导致孤岛系统交流电压控制失败,电压长期越限,引发交流滤波器过负荷跳闸,导致双极相继闭锁。试验结论为,云广特高压孤岛方式下,禁止整流站直流站控无功控制模式选择为定无功功率控制模式,同时有必要进一步开展后续试验,对当前孤岛系统交流电压控制策略是否足够安全可靠进行验证。