建筑工程项目4D施工管理

本课题综合应用4D-CAD、工程数据库、人工智能、虚拟现实技术,研究开发建筑工程项目4D施工管理系统--4D-GCPSU(4D Management for Construction Planning and Resource Utilization).该系统通过建立建筑物及其施工场地布置3D模型与工程进度计划的链接和相关资源属性的集成,形成4D 施工模型(4DSMM ),实现了建筑工程项目的工程进度、施工资源和场地布置的动态管理,以及整个施工过程的可视化模拟,为提高施工水平、确保工程质量,提供了科学、有效的管理手段.     

Performance of global optimization models for dynamic site layout planning of construction projects

Dynamic construction site layout planning is a complex optimization problem that is characterized by nonlinear objectives and constraints, which impose great challenges in obtaining global and feasible solutions. This paper presents and compares between two global optimization models of dynamic site layout planning that were developed to overcome the limitation of previous models in the literature. The first model utilizes Genetic Algorithms (GA) while the second model utilizes Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP). The performance of these two optimization models is analyzed in terms of the effectiveness of reaching optimum solutions and the efficiency of reducing the computational time. This analysis is performed using a designed set of problems of dynamic site layout planning with changing size and complexity. It was found that ADP outperformed GAs in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. However, GAs still prove to be a viable optimization tool because of its simplicity and multi-objective optimization capabilities.     

Model-based dynamic resource management for construction projects

Excess resource idling can result in cost overruns, while low resource coverage or long lead-time in resource acquisition can delay the project schedule. Therefore, systematically managing this tradeoff is critical to ensure project delivery in time and within budget. In addition, to provide practically useful guidelines and tools, the dynamic construction process needs to be realistically represented. As an effort to address these issues, a model-based dynamic approach is proposed for construction resource management. The dynamics of construction progress and the tradeoff with resource coverage are identified. Then, the dynamic resource management model that has been developed using system dynamics is described. By simulating the model with heuristic and industry data, the effect of resource coverage on project performance is quantified and policy implications are obtained for dynamic resource management. Finally, the use of the model as an automated tool is demonstrated.     

建筑工程施工技术及其现场施工管理探讨

介绍了建筑工程主要的施工技术,分析了建筑工程施工技术与管理中存在的问题,并从施工现场组织、工作人员素质、施工监管机制、成本管理等角度,提出了加强建筑施工技术的管理建议,从而提高建筑工程的生产效益。     

关于建设工程施工现场质量管理的研究

基于建设工程现场质量管理的作用,针对影响建设工程施工现场质量的主要因素进行分析,并尝试性提出加强建设工程现场施工质量管理的具体措施,以确保建设工程施工质量。     

谈土建工程项目现场施工管理

立足土建工程项目现场施工的实际情况,介绍了土建工程的基本概念及内容,针对现场管理政出多门、市场竞争不规范、方案设计不合理等问题,提出了相应的解决措施,有助于提高土建施工的现场管理水平,保证施工整体质量。     

4D CAD技术在施工管理中的应用研究

4D CAD技术属于计算机技术在工程施工领域应用的一项新技术,本文作者通过论述4D CAD技术的发展,分析了4D CAD技术在施工管理中的优势。通过对比分析常见4D CAD软件的基本功能,结合一座大型桥梁工程的施工实践,具体说明4D CAD技术的优点和应用障碍。最后,提出4DCAD技术发展的趋势和方向。     

建筑工程施工安全监督管理中风险管理的应用

在进行建筑工程施工安全监督管理过程中,要加强风险管理工作。在此,对风险管理的内涵进行了分析,指出了安全事故发生的原因,并结合实例探讨了安全监督管理中风险管理工作的具体实施,通过创新的安全风险监督管理模式,使得安全监督检查工作的效率得以提升,确保了安全监督工作的及时性与高效性。     

钢筋工程施工组织及现场管理方法探析与实践

以华陇大厦高层住宅楼项目施工为例,对施工过程中注重细节、精心组织、大胆创新、充分挖潜的钢筋工程施工组织及管理方法进行了探讨,达到了科学组织施工、降低钢筋成本的效果。     

4D dynamic construction management and visualization software: 1. Development

With the increasing complexity of modern construction projects, there is a pressing need on higher degree of assistance from computer in order to accomplish effective planning and management. This paper delineates the previous development and implementation of a prototype four-dimensional site management model (4DSMM), with the objectives to address the requirement for linking scheduling data to a three-dimensional computer graphics building model and to furnish the capability for planners to view graphic simulations of the construction process at any prospective specified date. Through the development and various real site trials in these few years, this prototype model extends 4D technology into areas of resource management and site space utilization, in addition to planning of building construction solely. In this study, a new information system platform, graphics for construction and site utilization (GCPSU), has been developed to implement the model 4DSMM. The characteristics of the prototype system, including the integration of dynamic resource management at the project level and decision-making support, and the underlying techniques, employed in the model to facilitate and tailor the construction management practice, are presented.     

Mathematical programming models for construction site layout problems

We address the construction site layout problem that determines the locations of temporary facilities. Mathematical programming models for the site layout problem are proposed, which can be solved by state-of-the-art solvers to optimality. A number of safety, health and environmental concerns, such as falling objects, dusts, and noise, are incorporated in the extensions of the mathematical models. We demonstrate, using numerical experiments, the superiority of our proposed mathematical programming model over existing heuristics in terms of solution optimality and the wide applicability in terms of handling practical considerations. Based on the results of conducted experiments, the proposed method achieved a 3–19% improvement on optimality over those of the existing heuristics methods. The contribution of this research work includes the advanced development of a mathematical programming model incorporating extended concerns and solving site layout problems within reasonable time.     

A decision-making system for construction site layout planning

A decision-making system, which consists of input, design, evaluation and selection, and output stages, is proposed to solve dynamic, multi-objective and unequal-area construction site layout planning (CSLP) problem. In the input stage, the multiple objectives, schedule planning and site condition are determined. In the design stage, two mathematical optimization models max-min ant system (MMAS) and modified Pareto-based ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm are employed to solve single objective optimization (SOO) and multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem respectively. In the evaluation and selection stage, the intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to evaluate and select the best layout plan among the generated layout alternatives from the design stage. The performance of the proposed decision-making system, which was verified by a residential building project, shall assist the practitioners in the construction industry to deliver construction projects in a more efficient and effective manner, and thus construction costs could be reduced significantly.     

Application of 4D visualization technology for safety management in metro construction

Safety accidents occur frequently in underground metro construction due to its complexity. These accidents cause huge losses because most metro construction is located in the center of very congested cities. Therefore, safety management is a priority in the metro construction industry. This paper proposes an approach for safety management using visualization technology. Safety is integrated with the construction management process throughout the project life cycle. Information from the design phase about construction components and scheduling has been gathered to formulate a 4 dimensional (4D) model. Before construction begins, a rule-based tool analyzes this combined information, automatically detects potentially unsafe activities and conditions and provides instructions for correction. More importantly, actual site monitoring data are continuously compared to the 4D model during the construction process. Therefore, the safety status of related components can be continuously visualized in the system as conditions change and potential safety risks evolve. This paper presents a prototype which was developed and verified with a case study of a real project. The results show that the proposed approach can be a tool of collaboration, virtual analysis and prediction for designers, site project managers, safety engineers and other participants. With real-time safety status visualized, it can detect safety risks before and during the construction process and then provide preventive measures. Thus, timely decisions can be made to avoid accidents. This contributes to the success of safety management in the metro construction industry.     

4D dynamic construction management and visualization software: 2. Site trial

The performance of any system can only be gauged by practical applications. This paper delineates some insight and experience on the on-site use of a prototype four-dimensional (4D) site management software system for a warehouse superstructure in Hong Kong. It links a three-dimensional model and a construction schedule to furnish visualization of the state of a site at any user-specified date. Site personnel generally view this system as potentially very promising and helpful. The 4D visualization is found to have capability to assist cognitive, reflective and analytical activities of site management. Through this site trial, some limitations of the software are also spotted which consequently lead to enhancement to the system. The prototype model may require a large amount of data input for large projects which lead to large computer files and slow processing speed. Hence, careful implementation of details is required in the planning level for practical 4D simulation modeling. This, however, will not be a long-term problem, given the recent advancement of computer technology.     

建筑工程现场管理中流水施工技术的应用

在建筑工程现场管理过程中,流水施工技术的应用,有助于优化建筑工程施工阶段的时间和空间管理,提高建筑施工的工作效率。简单阐述流水施工技术的特点和优势,并结合实例分析其在建筑工程现场管理中的具体应用。     

建设工程项目管理

针对目前建设单位项目管理人员较少,管理经验不足,管理不力的现象,探讨了建设工程项目管理的方法和措施,分别阐述了建设工程项目前期、招投标阶段、施工现场、竣工验收及移交等方面的管理重点和注意事项,以期指导建设单位提高项目管理水平。     

浅谈公路工程工地试验室的管理

结合山西省离军高速公路建设实践,从人员、仪器设备、试验工作、试验资料及文件等方面对公路工程工地试验室的管理进行了详细的阐述,强调了试验检测工作的重要性,并具有积极的指导和参考作用。     

施工现场平面布置方法及要点

根据以往工程的施工经验,介绍了施工现场平面布置的依据、原则和主要内容,及施工现场平面布置中塔吊、施工电梯布置等方面的注意要点,以期指导实践。     

谈土木项目施工的现场动态管理

根据土木项目施工现场管理科学管理的原则、利益最大化的原则以及标准化的原则,对土木项目施工现场管理的几个要点进行了阐述,并对施工安全、专业人员、机械设备、建筑材料以及质量管理措施进行了详细的解释,以提高现场的施工效率。     

建设工程项目的施工成本管理

针对建设工程项目的施工成本管理进行了探讨,从施工准备阶段、施工阶段、工程竣工阶段三方面入手介绍了施工成本管理的内容及要点,并着重阐述了如何更好地进行施工成本控制和管理,以指导实践。