一种XML Schema模式到关系模式的映射算法

XML文档数据如何存储在主流的关系数据库中，对企业信息集成起着至关重要的作用。针对此问题，提出一种XML Schema模式到关系模式的约束保留映射算法——XSD2RS，该算法基于模式对象组件建模和约束保留机制来完成XML Schema模式到关系模式的映射，进而实现XML文档数据在关系数据库中的存储。     

The XML Tree Model – toward an XML conceptual schema reversed from XML Schema Definition

XML Schema Definition (XSD) is the logical schemas of an XML model, but there is no standard format for the conceptual schema of an XML model. Therefore, we propose an XML Tree Model (XTM) as an XML conceptual schema for representing data semantics in a diagram, and also as an XML data model validator for confirming the data semantics required by users. An XTM consists of hierarchical nodes representing all the elements, and the data relationships among elements within the XSD. A rule-based algorithm and an information capacity with pre- and post-conditions are developed as the methodology for reverse engineering. The proposed algorithm consists of two rules: General Information Transformation and Data Semantic Recovering to construct an XTM. Users can draw an XTM with data relationships among elements as a result of the reverse engineering.     

基于模式图的规范化XML模式设计

在给定关系模式的属性集及其函数依赖最小覆盖集的基础上,提出一种基于模式图的规范化XML模式设计方法。定义了模式图,在模式图中增加了Keys的描述信息,给出由函数依赖集构造模式图的算法。该模式图独立于具体的XML模式语言,经分析证明,所设计的模式满足XNF。     

基于XDR纲要的空间元数据存储策略

提出一种基于XDR纲要的空间元数据存储体系结构,建立XDR纲要,将以XML表达的空间元数据映射到SQL Server 2000关系数据库中,可以使用加注释XDR纲要的XML视图对应到数据库的查询,并以XML文件的形式返回查询结果。     

基于XML Schema的XML存储

文章介绍了一个在关系数据库中,基于XMLSchema的XML存储方案。描述了一个以树模型为模型,XMLSchema为模式的XML数据库的存储系统。首先给出了在关系数据库中存储XMLSchema的方法,在此基础上,又给出了存储XML文档的方法。与通常的XML分解存储方案不同之处在于,在该方案中,XMLSchema被保存到数据库中,未作模式映射,避免了模式映射通常会带来的数据丢失和数据要分散到多个关系表中的问题;对XML文档的存储和查询都是基于XMLSchema的;并且由于所有基于同一个模式的XML文档共享该模式的结构,不必对结构信息进行重复存储,减少了存储空间;最后,由于我们为每一个元素赋予了一个唯一ID值,在进行查询的时候,可以利用该ID值进行定位,具有和XPath表达式相同的作用,但是更为简便。     

基于XML的电子商务数据模式的转换研究

XML已成为数据交换的事实标准,XML在电子商务中的应用越来越广泛。为了更好地利用关系数据库,需要将关系数据转换为XML数据。文中对Schema和DTD进行了比较,Schema模式是XML的首选模式,并分析了Schema的结构和作用,结合电子商务开发提出了关系模式到XML Schema的转换。实现了关系模式到XML Schema的完全转换,该转换能更有效地等价描述关系模式,保证了模式转换后数据的一致性和完整性。     

Constraint Preserving Transformation from Relational Schema to XML Schema

XML has become the standard for publishing and exchanging data on the Web. However, most business data is managed and will remain to be managed by relational database management systems. As such, there is an increasing need to efficiently and accurately publish relational data as XML documents for Internet-based applications. One way to publish relational data is to provide virtual XML documents for relational data via an XML schema which is transformed from the underlying relational database schema such that users can access the relational database through the XML schema. In this paper, we discuss issues in transforming a relational database schema into the corresponding XML schema. We aim to preserve all integrity constraints defined in a relational database schema, to achieve high level of nesting and to avoid introducing data redundancy in the transformed XML schema. In the paper, we first propose a basic transformation algorithm which introduces no data redundancy, then we improve the algorithm by exploring further nesting of the transformed XML schema.     

数据集成中XML Schema到关系模式的转换方法

根据XML Schema中组件的定义及组件之间的嵌套关系,建立一系列从XML Schema转换成关系模式的结构映射规则和语义映射规则。基于这些规则实现一种转换算法,从Schema中提取出关系模式,并且证明映射得到的关系模式满足4NF。结果表明得到的关系模式不仅包含了XML Schema中所有的结构和内容信息,还能保留大部分语义约束信息,减少存储冗余。     

Data schema evolution support in XML-relational database systems

Many XML-relational systems, i.e., the systems that use an XML schema as an external schema and a relational schema as an internal schema of the data application representation level, require modifications of the data schemas in the course of time. Schema evolution is one of the ways to support schema modifications for the application at the DBMS level. A number of schema evolution support systems for different data models have been suggested. Schema evolution can be applied to mapping-related evolving schemas (such as schemas of XML-relational systems), the transformation problem for which is also known as schema adaptation. In this paper, a survey of various approaches to solving the outlined problems is given.     

Semi-automated schema integration with SASMINT

The emergence of increasing number of collaborating organizations has made clear the need for supporting interoperability infrastructures, enabling sharing and exchange of data among organizations. Schema matching and schema integration are the crucial components of the interoperability infrastructures, and their semi-automation to interrelate or integrate heterogeneous and autonomous databases in collaborative networks is desired. The Semi-Automatic Schema Matching and INTegration (SASMINT) System introduced in this paper identifies and resolves several important syntactic, semantic, and structural conflicts among schemas of relational databases to find their likely matches automatically. Furthermore, after getting the user validation on the matched results, it proposes an integrated schema. SASMINT uses a combination of a variety of metrics and algorithms from the Natural Language Processing and Graph Theory domains for its schema matching. For the schema integration, it utilizes a number of derivation rules defined in the scope of the research work explained in this paper. Furthermore, a derivation language called SASMINT Derivation Markup Language (SDML) is defined for capturing and formulating both the results of matching and the integration that can be further used, for example for federated query processing from independent databases. In summary, the paper focuses on addressing: (1) conflicts among schemas that make automatic schema matching and integration difficult, (2) the main components of the SASMINT approach and system, (3) in-depth exploration of SDML, (4) heuristic rules designed and implemented as part of the schema integration component of the SASMINT system, and (5) experimental evaluation of SASMINT.     

XML schema mappings for heterogeneous database access

The unprecedented increase in the availability of information, due to the success of the World Wide Web, has generated an urgent need for new and robust methods that simplify the querying and integration of data. In this research, we investigate a practical framework for data access to heterogeneous data sources. The framework utilizes the extensible markup language (XML) Schema as the canonical data model for the querying and integration of data from heterogeneous data sources. We present algorithms for mapping relational and network schemas into XML schemas using the relational mapping algorithm. We also present library system of databases (libSyD), a prototype of a system for heterogeneous database access.     

从DTD映射到关系模式:一种保持数据依赖的映射方法

XML正迅速成为互联网上数据表示和交换的标准．用关系数据库存储XML数据是XML存储策略之一．为了将XML数据存储到关系数据库中，人们研究了从DTD到关系模式的映射方法．提出了一种保持数据依赖的映射方法PDD．与已有的Shared—Inlining方法相比，PDD方法充分考虑了DTD蕴涵的数据依赖关系，保证了XML文档的完整性．通过对泛关系进行模式分解，得到的关系模式保持函数依赖，并且满足2NF．可以证明，这种方法是有效的．     

Formal translation from fuzzy EER model to fuzzy XML model

XML has been the de facto standard of data representation and exchange over the Web. In addition, fuzzy data are inherent in the real-world applications. Although fuzzy information has been extensively investigated in the context of relational database model, the classical relational database model and its fuzzy extension to date do not satisfy the need of modeling and processing complex objects with imprecision and uncertainty on the Web. Based on fuzzy sets, this paper concentrates on fuzzy information modeling in the EER (enhanced entity-relationship or extended entity-relationship) model and the fuzzy XML model. In particular, the formal approach to mapping the fuzzy EER model to the fuzzy DTD (document type definition) model is developed.     

Element similarity measures in XML schema matching

Schema matching plays a central role in a myriad of XML-based applications. There has been a growing need for developing high-performance matching systems in order to identify and discover semantic correspondences across XML data. XML schema matching methods face several challenges in the form of definition, adoption, utilization, and combination of element similarity measures. In this paper, we classify, review, and experimentally compare major methods of element similarity measures and their combinations. We aim at presenting a unified view which is useful when developing a new element similarity measure, when implementing an XML schema matching component, when using an XML schema matching system, and when comparing XML schema matching systems.     

一种基于内容模型图的XML Schema Definition的提取方法

使用XML Schema能够对XML文档进行有效性验证以及对查询、转换等操作进行优化,但是实际应用中大量XML文档缺失关联的Schema.提出了一种根据XML文档自动提取对应的XML Schema Definition(XSD)的方法XSDInfer,先根据合并规则将XML解析过程中分析得到的模式信息记录在内容模型图中,再根据生成规则将其转化为内容模型表达式,进而得到XSD.XSDInfer能够在内存消耗比较少的情况下快速地处理超大规模、深度嵌套的XML文档,同时支持XSD的上下文相关的内容模型,提取出的XSD也具有更好的可读性.实验表明,与同类方法相比,XSDInfer具有更好的可扩展性和表达能力.     

一种关系模式到OWL DL本体的翻译方法

本体技术是数据可以达到语义层次交换的关键,如何将当前各类数据形成本体知识库表示是一个非常重要的问题。针对这个问题,以一种关系模式到一种语义扩展ER模型的正确性可满足转换算法为基础,提出了一种通过数据库反向工程到OWL DL本体的翻译算法,说明了该算法使得转换是正确性可满足的,并实验实现验证了算法。     

从XML到关系数据库映射技术研究

在使用XML作为异构数据源数据交换中介的过程中,如何将数据从XML文件中转入到数据库中是关键技术之一。本文主要论述了XML在数据库中存储方式,将DTD映射为数据库中的表的方法及算法和将XML Schema映射为关系模式的方法。     

XML schema language: taking XML to the next level

Schemas add data typing and inheritance features, giving XML the sophistication required to create enterprise-class business applications. The XML schema language describes the legal structure, content, and constraints of XML documents. The XML schema language provides the necessary framework for creating XML documents by specifying the valid structure, constraints, and data types for the various elements and attributes of an XML document. Schema language provides enhanced as well as more comprehensive and powerful features than a document type definition (DTD). The XML schema language provides the rich data typing associated with ordinary programming languages. The W3C XML schema specification defines several different built-in data types, such as string, integer, Boolean, date, and time, among others. The specification also provides the capability for defining new types. Developers can use these built-in as well as user-defined data types to effectively define and constrain XML document attributes and element values     

数据交换中基于本体的语义冲突消解方案

为解决数据交换过程中的语义冲突问题,提出一种基于本体的语义冲突消解方案。利用ER模型实现关系模式到XML模式的语义映射,采用本体对经过初步语义转换的XML Schema进行语义标注。实验结果表明,该方案能减少由自然语言或符号不同引起的歧义,在一定程度上消除语义冲突。