PageGen: an effective scheme for dynamic generation of web pages

We present a scheme for dynamic generation of web pages. The scheme separates presentation from content. Furthermore, by utilizing the theme metaphor, the scheme makes it easy to develop a web site with several design themes, each having its own template, graphics and style sheet characteristics. The proposed scheme relies on versatile substitution mechanisms, which nonetheless use simplified syntax. Most importantly, the scheme utilizes XML for defining custom tags that are transformed into HTML using the innovative concept of HTML patterns. The scheme was initially implemented as a COM component (PageGen) and later ported to Microsoft .NET. it has proven to be quite effective for Active Server Pages (and ASP.NET) sites used to host online books and course material. However, the scheme is general enough for use with any database-centric site or content as well as being adapted to other web application frameworks such as PHP and JSP.     

基于Struts＋Spring＋Hibernate的轻量级Web应用框架研究

随着Internet技术的飞速发展,基于B／S结构的服务器端应用程序得到了广泛的应用,实现Web应用的技术和框架也层出不穷。该文给出基于Struts,Spring和Hibernate的轻量级开发策略,简称“SSH”。通过对三种框架技术特点的分析,设计出集成三种框架技术的Web应用框架。该文对开发过程中的几个关键点的实现进行阐述,并为采用此集成框架进行Web应用系统的设计与开发提供了参考。     

Static consistency checking of web applications with WebDSL

Modern web application development frameworks provide web application developers with high-level abstractions to improve their productivity. However, their support for static verification of applications is limited. Inconsistencies in an application are often not detected statically, but appear as errors at run-time. The reports about these errors are often obscure and hard to trace back to the source of the inconsistency. A major part of this inadequate consistency checking can be traced back to the lack of linguistic integration of these frameworks. Parts of an application are defined with separate domain-specific languages, which are not checked for consistency with the rest of the application. Examples include regular expressions, query languages and XML-based languages for definition of user interfaces. We give an overview and analysis of typical problems arising in development with frameworks for web application development, with Ruby on Rails, Lift and Seam as representatives.To remedy these problems, in this paper, we argue that domain-specific languages should be designed from the ground up with static verification and cross-aspect consistency checking in mind, providing linguistic integration of domain-specific sub-languages. We show how this approach is applied in the design of WebDSL, a domain-specific language for web applications, by examining how its compiler detects inconsistencies not caught by web frameworks, providing accurate and clear error messages. Furthermore, we show how this consistency analysis can be expressed with a declarative rule-based approach using the Stratego transformation language.     

应用Struts插件实现Hibernate的初始化

Struts Framework是一个开放源代码的Apache项目,已经成为利用Java Servlet和Java Server Page(JSP)技术构建Web应用程序的最流行的表示框架包,它推动形成了基于Model-View-Controller(MVC)设计模式。Hibernate是一个优秀的持久层框架实现,它提供了强大、高性能的对象到关系数据库的持久化服务。此文介绍了Struts框架和Hibernate初始化过程。最后给出了应用Struts插件实现Hibernate的初始化实例。     

Building with ParadisEO reusable parallel and distributed evolutionary algorithms

Numerous parallel and distributed evolutionary algorithms (PDEAs) and their implementations have been proposed and are available on the Web. A robust approach to make easier their code and design reuse is the framework approach. In this paper, we present some existing frameworks for PDEAs and their development requirements, and propose a new C++ open source framework, named Parallel and distributed Evolving Objects (ParadisEO). ParadisEO is basically devoted to the reusable and flexible design of parallel and distributed metaheuristics, but we focus here only on PDEAs. Compared to other related frameworks, ParadisEO allows more reuse flexibility, and provides more implemented parallel and distributed models. Furthermore, these models can be exploited by the user in a transparent way, and deployed as well on shared memory multi-processors as on distributed memory machines. The architecture has been experimented on two real-world applications: the radio network design and the spectroscopic data mining. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the different models.     

使用JSTL快速创建Web页面

基于Java的Web应用中,使用JSP的标准标记库（JSTL）和EL代替JSP页面中的脚本元素,使得Web应用更易于维护,网站的性能得到提高。     

Fast extraction of high-quality framework-specific models from application code

Framework-specific models represent the design of application code from the framework viewpoint by showing how framework-provided concepts are instantiated in the code. Retrieving such models quickly and precisely is necessary for practical model-supported software engineering, in which developers use design models for development tasks such as code understanding, verifying framework usage rules, and round-trip engineering. Also, comparing models extracted at different times of the software lifecycle supports software evolution tasks. We describe an experimental study of the static analyses necessary to automatically retrieve framework-specific models from application code. We reverse engineer a number of applications based on three open-source frameworks and evaluate the quality of the retrieved models. The models are expressed using framework-specific modeling languages (FSMLs), each designed for an open-source framework. For reverse engineering, we use prototype implementations of the three FSMLs. Our results show that for the considered frameworks and a large body of application code rather simple code analyses are sufficient for automatically retrieving framework-specific models with high precision and recall. Based on the initial results, we refine the static analyses and repeat the study on a larger set of applications to provide more evidence and confirm the results. The refined static analyses provide precision and recall of close to 100% for the analyzed applications. This paper is an extended version of the paper “Automatic extraction of framework-specific models from framework-based application code”, which was published in the proceedings of the Twenty-Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, 2007.     

Java SSH 框架在Java Web 中的应用

SSH 框架是Java Web 开发的常见技术框架集合,包含Struts、Hibernate 和Spring 三个框架,这三个框架在具体 开发应用侧重点都有所不同,各自管理的代码范围也有着较大的区别,当前应用SSH 框架集进行Java Web 项目的开发是web 开发过程中非常流行的开发模式。本文通过对SSH 框架进行简单介绍,探讨各自框架在web 领域具体应用以及Java Web 框架 技术的发展展望,使得读者能够通过本文快速了解SSH 框架及相关技术,同时为开发人员进行快速开发提供有效参考。     

探讨ASP动态网页设计与制作

ASP是用来编写具有协作机制的应用程序,ASP是英文Active Server Pages的简称,它是Microsoft公司于1996年推出的一种Web应用的开发技术。使用ASP可以创建动态网页,可以创建与数据库进行交互的Web应用程序。因为ASP与Internet上的Web服务密切相关,所以,学习ASP网络应用开发技术,先要了解有关Web的基本知识。     

A component- and push-based architectural style for ajax applications

A new breed of web application, dubbed ajax, is emerging in response to a limited degree of interactivity in large-grain stateless Web interactions. At the heart of this new approach lies a single page interaction model that facilitates rich interactivity. Also push-based solutions from the distributed systems are being adopted on the web for ajax applications. The field is, however, characterized by the lack of a coherent and precisely described set of architectural concepts. As a consequence, it is rather difficult to understand, assess, and compare the existing approaches. We have studied and experimented with several ajax frameworks trying to understand their architectural properties. In this paper, we summarize four of these frameworks and examine their properties and introduce the spiar architectural style which captures the essence of ajax applications. We describe the guiding software engineering principles and the constraints chosen to induce the desired properties. The style emphasizes user interface component development, intermediary delta-communication between client/server components, and push-based event notification of state changes through the components, to improve a number of properties such as user interactivity, user-perceived latency, data coherence, and ease of development. In addition, we use the concepts and principles to discuss various open issues in ajax frameworks and application development.     

API-Evolution Support with Diff-CatchUp

Applications built on reusable component frameworks are subject to two independent, and potentially conflicting, evolution processes. The application evolves in response to the specific requirements and desired qualities of the application's stakeholders. On the other hand, the evolution of the component framework is driven by the need to improve the framework functionality and quality while maintaining its generality. Thus, changes to the component framework frequently change its API on which its client applications rely and, as a result, these applications break. To date, there has been some work aimed at supporting the migration of client applications to newer versions of their underlying frameworks, but it usually requires that the framework developers do additional work for that purpose or that the application developers use the same tools as the framework developers. In this paper, we discuss our approach to tackle the API-evolution problem in the context of reuse-based software development, which automatically recognizes the API changes of the reused framework and proposes plausible replacements to the "obsolete" API based on working examples of the framework code base. This approach has been implemented in the Diff-CatchUp tool. We report on two case studies that we have conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach with its Diff-CatchUp prototype.     

Struts框架的研究与应用

Struts是当前Web应用开发中最为流行的框架之一。它提供了一个非常好的MVC框架，在Web应用开发中把界面和业务逻辑分离，提高了代码的可重用性和灵活性，便于组件式开发。文章简要介绍了MVC(Model／View／Controller)设计模式和Struts框架的体系结构和工作原理，然后结合一个实例，讲述了Struts实现MVC模式web应用的过程。结果显示Struts能够大大提高开发效率，同时提高系统的可维护性和可扩充性。     

ASP与JSP的比较研究

越来越多的Ｗｅｂ站点采用服务器端的动态网页技术来实现复杂的功能。该文针对目前流行的两种服务器端动态网页技术ＡＳＰ和ＪＳＰ,从原理、性能、应用范围等各个方面作了详尽的比较分析。     

Towards generic representation of web applications: solutions and trade‐offs

Server pages (also called dynamic pages) render a generic web page into many similar ones. The technique is commonly used for implementing web application user interfaces (UIs). Yet our previous study found a high rate of repetitions (also called ‘clones’) in web applications, particularly in UIs. The finding raised the question as to why such repetitions had not been averted with the use of server pages. For an answer, we conducted an experiment using PHP server pages to explore how far server pages can be pushed to achieve generic web applications. Our initial findings suggested that generic representation obtained using server pages sometimes compromises certain important system qualities such as run‐time performance. It may also complicate the use of WYSIWYG editors. We have analysed the nature of these trade‐offs, and now propose a mixed‐strategy approach to obtain optimum generic representation of web applications without unnecessary compromise to critical system qualities and user experience. The mixed‐strategy approach applies the generative technique of XVCL to achieve genericity at the meta‐level representation of a web application, leaving repetitions to the actual web application. Our experiments show that the mixed‐strategy approach can achieve a good level of genericity without conflicting with other system qualities. Our findings should open the way for others to better‐informed decisions regarding generic design solutions, which should in turn lead to simpler, more maintainable and more reusable web applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于JFinal框架的Java Web应用开发研究

选择合理的开发框架对于Java Web应用系统的开发至关重要,常见的Java Web开发框架像Struts、Spring、Hibernate等虽然使用人数较多,但是它们在使用上较为复杂,整合过程较为繁琐。该文提出使用JFinal框架作为SSH框架的替代方案,不但可以提高项目代码的可维护性和可扩展性,更可以大幅度的提高开发效率。     

Flow-inspector: a framework for visualizing network flow data using current web technologies

New web technologies led to the development of browser applications for data analysis. Modern browser engines allow for building interactive real-time visualization applications that enable efficient ways to understand complex data. We present Flow-Inspector, a highly interactive open-source web framework for visualizing network flow data using latest web technologies. Flow-Inspector includes a backend for processing and storing large-scale network flow data, as well as a JavaScript-based web application capable to display and manipulate traffic information in real-time. This work provides operators with a toolkit to analyze their networks and enables the scientific community to create new and innovative visualizations of traffic data with an extensible framework. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by implementing several different visualization components that help to identify topological characteristics in network flows.     

基于MVC设计模式Struts框架的应用方法

Struts是当前应用开发中最为流行的框架之一。它提供一个非常好的MVC框架,在Web应用开发中把界面和业务逻辑分离,提高了代码的可重用性和灵活性,便于组件式开发。文章简要介绍MVC设计模式和Struts框架的体系结构和工作原理,然后结合一个实例,讲述Struts实现MVC模式Web应用的过程。     

Integration of data validation and user interface concerns in a DSL for web applications

Data validation rules constitute the constraints that data input and processing must adhere to in addition to the structural constraints imposed by a data model. Web modeling tools do not make all types of data validation explicit in their models, hampering full code generation and model expressivity. Web application frameworks do not offer a consistent interface for data validation. In this paper, we present a solution for the integration of declarative data validation rules with user interface models in the domain of web applications, unifying syntax, mechanisms for error handling, and semantics of validation checks, and covering value well-formedness, data invariants, input assertions, and action assertions. We have implemented the approach in WebDSL, a domain-specific language for the definition of web applications.     

基于MVC模式的Rails框架研究

随着Web应用的普遍以及需求的多样化,其结构和内容越来越复杂,设计开发也越来越困难,开发者迫切需要能简化开发过程,降低开发难度的框架,现有的Web应用框架却都不尽如人意,最近兴起的Rails则是极大地响应了这种需求的一个Web应用框架。首先简要介绍MVC设计模式,分析当前Java平台上各种Web应用开发框架的不足,然后详细论述Rails框架的各种特性、核心体系结构以及关键技术,结合实例讲述运用Rails进行Web应用开发的过程。以该框架为基础构建Web应用系统,缩短开发周期,降低开发代价,在迅速开发和部署Web应用方面体现了强大的优势。     

Struts框架的分析及其改进

为了将Web应用中的业务逻辑和表现形式分离,尤其是降低在JSP文件中的Java代码,人们想了很多方法,其中应用Struts框架是较流行的方法。分析了Struts框架的缺陷,提出了Struts框架的改进方案,它大量采用XML、Xpath、XSL等技术和Struts框架,而不再使用JSP,同时将Struts中的FormBean、Session等需要显示的内容映射成XML内容,在XSL（表现层）中通过XSLT、Xpath技术访问,从而保证了XSL（表现层）中不再需要任何Java代码,真正实现了MVC的承诺。改进的Struts框架在智能大厦办公自动化系统中的成功实施说明了此方案是可行的。