粉煤灰混凝土钢筋腐蚀氯离子门槛值研究

为研究引起混凝土内钢筋锈蚀的氯离子临界门槛值,制作了15%、30%和45%三种粉煤灰替代率和0.1%、0.5%、1.5%、3.0%和5.0%五种氯离子含量的混凝土试件.在试件90 d龄期分别测试了钢筋的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度、阳极极化曲线、阴极极化曲线和混凝土电阻率、孔隙液pH值、自由氯离子含量等参数.试验结果表明:粉煤灰的添加与不同替代率对钢筋腐蚀的氯离子门槛值并无明显影响,粉煤灰混凝土与普通水泥混凝土的氯离子门槛值基本接近,约为胶凝材料重量的0.8%(自由氯离子);但当氯离子含量超过了,门槛值钢筋进入腐蚀状态之后,由于粉煤灰混凝土较低的氧扩散系数和较高的混凝土电阻率,粉煤灰混凝土较普通水泥混凝土对钢筋的腐蚀仍然能够提供较高的保护.     

混凝土早龄期及不同湿度环境下电阻率的原位监测

基于交流阻抗谱测试技术,通过预埋混凝土电阻率传感器,研究不同水灰比及粉煤灰掺量条件下混凝土的早期电阻率变化规律,比较在养护周期内湿度条件对混凝土电阻率的影响。结果表明,未掺粉煤灰混凝土在水化2h左右出现混凝土电阻率的最低值,此时溶出离子作用占优,而随水化产物的进一步生成及相互搭接,导致混凝土孔隙结构的曲折度上升,伴随这个过程混凝土电阻率逐渐升高。采用等量取代法掺加粉煤灰的混凝土因早期水化的延迟,混凝土电阻率的最低值出现在3h~4h之间,且整个龄期内均表现出高于未掺粉煤灰混凝土的电阻率。不同配合比的混凝土在高湿度下表现出低电阻率,反之亦然,即孔隙的饱和状态(包括内部湿度与自由离子活度)及分布状态对混凝土电阻率的影响最为显著。     

Durability of lightweight concretes with lightweight fly ash aggregates

This paper presents the effects of aggregate properties such as strength, porosity, water absorption, bulk density and specific gravity on the strength and durability of lightweight fly ash aggregate concrete (LWAC). The influence of properties of four aggregates (sintered lightweight fly ash aggregates, cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregate and normalweight aggregate) on mechanical and durability properties of concrete is discussed. Experimental results revealed that durable high-strength air-entrained lightweight concretes could be produced using sintered or cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregates, having comparable performance with the normalweight concretes. The use of lightweight aggregates (LWA) instead of normalweight aggregates in concrete production decreased the strength and stiffness due to the higher porosity and lower strength of the aggregate included in the concrete. However, permeability of sintered fly ash aggregate lightweight concretes was comparable and slightly lower than normalweight concrete whereas permeability of cold-bonded fly ash lightweight concrete was greater than the others. All concretes had a durability factor greater than 85, which met the requirements by showing quite perfect resistance to freeze–thaw.     

矿物对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的试验研究

通过检测钢筋电位以及腐蚀电流密度的变化,比较了矿粉、粉煤灰对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀速率的影响.试验结果表明:由于矿粉、粉煤灰能改善混凝土抵抗氯离子渗透的能力,因而能延缓混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀.钢筋电位与腐蚀电流密度的变化情况基本一致,可以作为混凝土中钢筋锈蚀情况的判断依据.     

养护条件对混凝土表面层性能的影响

研究了自然环境、水中养护、薄膜覆盖3种养护条件对不同粉煤灰掺量混凝土表面吸水率以及表面层(1～5 cm)混凝土的电阻率影响.结果表明,混凝土表面层的吸水率以及电阻率对养护条件特别敏感,掺粉煤灰可降低混凝土的表面吸水率;养护条件主要影响距离表面1～3cm处混凝土的电阻率,27 d水中养护后,掺粉煤灰试件电阻率与基准试件相差不大,而6d水中养护和自然养护后,掺粉煤灰试件电阻率明显比基准试件大,且随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大,从电阻率变化范围来看,27 d水中养护试件的电阻率最小,其次是6 d水中养护的试件,而自然养护的试件最大.混凝土表面电阻率变化能较好反映养护质量的好坏,基于这种变化,对混凝土的养护效果进行定量评价是可行的.     

双掺粉煤灰和矿粉的海工混凝土抗氯离子性能试验分析

在混凝土中掺加适当的掺合料能提高混凝土的密实性,增加混凝土的电阻率,有效提高混凝土的耐久性,本文通过正交试验及直观分析法研究混凝土配合比参数(水胶比、粉煤灰掺量、矿粉掺量和砂率)对不同龄期海工混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响趋势。通过试验分析,给出了最佳粉煤灰和矿粉掺量以提高海工混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,为海工混凝土配合比设计提供参考。     

基于三元骨料体系的LC60轻骨料混凝土性能试验研究

研究了铁尾矿砂、浮石、粉煤灰陶粒对轻骨料混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量和干表观密度的影响,并利用Design-Expert软件对配合比进行了优化.结果 表明:随着粉煤灰陶粒相对掺量的增加,轻骨料混凝土的力学性能提高,干表观密度增大;随着浮石相对掺量的增加,轻骨料混凝土的力学性能降低,干表观密度减小;随着砂率的增...     

Development of an embeddable sensor to monitor the corrosion process of new and existing reinforced concrete structures

An integrated and cost-effective sensor system to monitor the state of reinforced concrete structures from the corrosion point of view was developed. The sensor provides measurements of the open circuit potential of rebars, the corrosion current density of rebars, the electrical resistivity of concrete, the availability of oxygen, the chloride ions concentration in concrete, and the temperature inside the structure. The integrated system consists of different electrodes embedded in concrete and a software system that acquires and analyses the data. The results obtained so far show the capabilities of this type of sensor to determine the corrosion state of existing as well as new concrete structures.     

粉煤灰对受弯开裂钢筋混凝土内氯离子侵蚀的影响

为了研究粉煤灰掺量对受弯开裂钢筋混凝土中氯离子侵蚀过程的影响,采用三点受弯的方法将粉煤灰掺量(质量分数)分别为0%,15%和30%的混凝土梁进行两两自锚,并将不同开裂状态下的试验梁放置于5%(质量分数)的NaCl溶液中进行干湿循环侵蚀试验.结果表明：干湿循环作用下,受弯开裂混凝土的表层对流区深度在10~20mm,且随着裂缝宽度的增加,对流区深度逐渐增大;混凝土的氯离子渗透性能随着弯曲裂缝宽度的增大而提高;粉煤灰掺量在15%以上时能有效改善开裂混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,其等效氯离子扩散系数是普通混凝土的1/8~1/6;扩散分析时,混凝土损伤劣化效应系数K与裂缝宽度w,粉煤灰掺量f可用指数关系进行拟合.     

防止氯离子诱导混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的试验研究

试验研究了砂浆中不同氯离子浓度对钢筋锈蚀的影响,以及掺粉煤灰、矿渣、抗蚀剂的砂浆中钢筋抗氯离子侵蚀的能力。结果表明,砂浆中游离氯离子的浓度越大,钢筋的锈蚀程度越严重;粉煤灰、矿渣对提高钢筋抗氯离子侵蚀的能力有一定作用;与粉煤灰、矿渣相比,抗蚀剂更能显著提高其抗氯离子侵蚀的能力,且随掺量的增加而增强;试验中抗蚀剂与矿渣复合使用,钢筋抗氯离子侵蚀的效果最佳。同时,对粉煤灰、矿渣、抗蚀剂提高钢筋抗氯离子侵蚀能力的主要机理进行了初步分析。     

Effect of W/C ratio on covering depth of fly ash concrete in marine environment

This investigation studied the effect of W/C ratio on covering depth required against the corrosion of embedded steel of fly ash concrete in marine environment up to 4-year exposure. Fly ash was used to partially replace Portland cement type I at 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% by weight of cementitious material. Water to cementitious material ratios (W/C) of fly ash concretes were varied at 0.45, 0.55, and 0.65. The 200-mm concrete cube specimens were cast and steel bars with 12-mm diameter and 50 mm in length were inserted in the concrete with the covering depth of 10, 20, 50, and 75 mm. The specimens were cured in water for 28 days, and then placed to the tidal zone of marine environment in the Gulf of Thailand. Subsequently, the concrete specimens were tested for the compressive strength, chloride penetration profile and corrosion of embedded steel bar after being exposed to tidal zone for 2, 3, and 4 years. The results showed that the concrete mixed with Portland cement type I exhibited higher rate of the chloride penetration than the fly ash concrete. The chloride penetration of fly ash concrete was comparatively low and decreased with the increasing of fly ash content. The increase of fly ash replacement and the decrease of W/C ratio could reduce the covering depth required for the initial corrosion of the steel bar. Interestingly, fly ash concretes with 35% and 50% cement replacement and having W/C ratio of 0.65 provided better corrosion resistance at 4-year exposure than the control concrete with W/C ratio of 0.45. In addition, the covering depth of concrete with compressive strength of 30 MPa (W/C ratio of 0.65) could be reduced from 50 to 30 mm by the addition of fly ash up to 50%.     

轻骨料透水混凝土的研究

用粘土陶粒作为粗骨料、膨胀珍珠岩作为细骨料和其他胶凝材料(水泥和粉煤灰)通过人工搅拌的方法配制轻骨料透水混凝土,研究不同的水泥、粉煤灰和细轻骨料用量对混凝土抗压强度、孔隙率、透水系数、pH值及表观密度等性能的影响。结果表明,随着水泥、粉煤灰和细轻骨料用量的增加,轻骨料透水混凝土的强度增加、表观密度增大,而孔隙率、透水系数会降低,pH值变化不大。     

抗氯离子渗透高性能混凝土的配制研究

采用ASTM C 1202的方法对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能进行研究,结果表明,混凝土抗氯离子的渗透能力随水灰比的降低而提高,但水灰比的降低不能有效地提高混凝土的抗渗性能;粉煤灰、硅灰的掺入能有效提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力,且在一定范围内随粉煤灰掺量的增加,混凝土的抗渗性能提高;粉煤灰与硅灰复合配制的混凝土抗氯离子渗透的能力较好,粉煤灰与硅灰双掺是配制高抗氯离子渗透混凝土的有效途径之一。     

掺粉煤灰和引气剂混凝土氯离子渗透性能研究

研究了普通混凝土、粉煤灰混凝土、引气混凝土和粉煤灰引气混凝土等四种类型混凝土的氯离子渗透性能,结果表明:混凝土的渗透系数与氯离子渗透深度有相关性,它们之间的关系可用一元幂函数表示。     

蒸养混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能研究

蒸汽养护能促进混凝土早期强度的增长,但影响混凝土长期力学性能和抵抗氯离子等侵蚀性介质渗透的能力。本文研究了粉煤灰、硅灰矿物掺合料对蒸养混凝土抗压强度与抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。试验结果表明：蒸养普通混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能低于相应标养混凝土,掺入粉煤灰、硅灰等矿物掺合料后,可以显著改善蒸养混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。     

轻集料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究

采用在水中和硫酸盐溶液中立浸并进行干湿循环的试验方法,分析讨论了水胶比、引气剂掺量、粉煤灰掺量及轻集料对轻集料混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能影响的规律。试验结果表明：水胶比的降低可延缓硫酸盐腐蚀;掺入粉煤灰及引气剂均不同程度地提高了混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能;与普通混凝土比,轻集料混凝土具有更好的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性。     

粉煤灰充填材料早龄期物理力学特性及其水化过程分析

 针对粉煤灰充填材料早期强度低、变形量大、流动性差、泌水严重等缺陷,基于电阻率法和力学特性测试法研究3种配比粉煤灰充填材料早龄期的体积电阻率、孔隙溶液电阻率、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随时间的变化规律;结合充填材料初始孔隙度和1 d孔隙度的测试结果,对孔隙度随时间的变化规律作进一步分析。结果表明：(1) 材料的体积电阻率随时间呈升高、降低、再升高的变化规律,孔隙溶液的电阻率随时间呈先急剧下降后趋于稳定的变化规律,但材料的电阻率变化在时间上和数值上受粉煤灰掺量的影响;(2) 材料的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随水化时间的延长而增大,随粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低;(3) 材料的孔隙度随水化时间的延长呈负指数规律降低,随粉煤灰掺量的增加先降低后增加;(4) 在水化后期,材料的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量与其体积电阻率呈对数相关;(5) 材料早龄期的水化过程可分为吸附期、溶解期、凝结期和硬化期4个阶段。研究结果为进一步了解、改善粉煤灰充填材料早龄期的物理力学特性和实现材料特性的无损检测提供了一定的理论与应用参考。     

矿物掺合料对碱矿渣混凝土氯离子渗透性的影响

氯离子渗透是造成混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的主要原因之一。本文采用ASTM C1202规定的氯离子渗透试验方法,研究了粉煤灰和硅灰等量取代矿渣对碱矿渣混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响。研究表明,在其它条件相同时,碱矿渣混凝土氯离子渗透性随粉煤灰掺量增加而提高,随硅灰掺量增加而降低。从控制碱矿渣混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的角度出发,粉煤灰替代矿渣量宜控制在50%以内。     

Influence of fly ash fineness on the chloride penetration of concrete

In this paper, the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete containing fly ash of various finenesses was examined. Three different fly ash finenesses viz., original fly ash, 45% fine portion and 10% fine portion fly ashes were used for the study. Chloride resistance of concretes was evaluated using the measurement of the Coulomb charge as per ASTM C1202 and by determination of chloride ingress after different periods of exposure to 3% NaCl solution in full immersion and partial immersion modes. From the tests, it is found that the resistance to chloride penetration of concrete depends on the fineness of fly ash. The rapid chloride permeability test (ASTM C1202) clearly indicates that the Coulomb charge of concrete at the age of 28 days is significantly reduced with the incorporation of fly ash. The decrease is promoted with an increase in fly ash fineness. The immersion of cut cylinders in the 3% NaCl solution for 3 and 6 months confirm that the resistance of the chloride penetration of concrete increases with an incorporation with fly ash and with an increase in the fly ash fineness.     

粉煤灰掺量对轻集料混凝土耐久性能影响的试验研究

设计了16组不同粉煤灰掺量的配合比,并对不同配合比试件的碳化性能和抗氯离子渗透性能进行了测试。试验结果表明,粉煤灰和矿粉的复掺能够提高高强轻集料混凝土的耐久性能。