烧结温度对Cu-MoS2复合材料性能的影响

在保护气氛下采用不同的温度烧结Cu-MoS2复合材料,对所制备的材料进行成分分析,并测量了抗弯强度,硬度,电阻率等性能.结果表明:在烧结过程中Cu和MoS2发生了反应,产物为Cu1.83Mo3S4;随烧结温度的升高,材料的抗弯强度及硬度都有了显著提高,电阻率在烧结温度为750℃时最低.     

烧结温度对Cu-MoS2复合材料性能的影响

在保护气氛下采用不同的温度烧结Cu-MoS2复合材料,对所制备的材料进行成分分析,并测量了抗弯强度,硬度,电阻率等性能。结果表明：在烧结过程中Cu和MoS2发生了反应,产物为Cu1.83Mo3S4;随烧结温度的升高,材料的抗弯强度及硬度都有了显著提高,电阻率在烧结温度为750℃时最低。     

新型无银触头材料

采用粉末冶金技术研制了一种新型无银触头材料,该材料的综合性能,如密度、硬度、电阻率、灭弧特性及温度特性与银氧化物触头材料接近.当新型无银触头材料的相对密度与银氧化物触头材料的相对密度相同时,两者电阻率相当,而其硬度高于银氧化物触头材料的;温升和通断能力试验结果表明:所研制的无银触头在许多应用领域中,如在电力机车上可替代银氧化物触头材料.实验表明:该材料的相对密度大于98%,硬度(HB)大于950 MPa,电阻率小于2.78 μΩ·cm.     

CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料制备及性能

以碳纳米管(CNTs)、碳化硅(SiC)粉体、锌(Zn)粉和CuSO_4·5H_2O为主要原料,用化学镀的方法制备CNTs /Cu复合粉体,再采用非均相沉淀法制备CNTs/SiC/Cu复合粉体.在750 ℃、100 MPa的制度下进行真空热压烧结后制得CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料,其中Cu的含量(体积分数,下同)为70%,CNTs的含量(体积分数, 下同)分别为0,3%,5%,8%,12%.利用XRD、SEM分析样品的物相组成和显微结构;利用阿基米德排水法、显微硬度计、三点弯曲法测试了复合材料的密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度.结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,CNTs/SiC/Cu复合材料的密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度等性能发生相应变化,其中,抗弯强度呈现逐渐升高趋势.与未添加碳纳米管的30SiC/70Cu复合材料相比,添加12%CNTs的12CNTs/18SiC/70Cu 样品,抗弯强度提高了21.45 MPa.     

真空热压烧结W(50)/Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料的性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备W(50)/Cu-Al2O3复合材料,观察了其显微组织,测试了其致密度、硬度、抗弯强度和导电率。结果表明:W(50)/Cu-Al2O3复合材料组织致密;致密度和硬度优于Cu-50%W,致密度可达99.8%,显微硬度达135 HV。而导电率为46%IACS,略低于W-50%Cu复合材料。抗弯强度为291.3 MPa,弥散铜钨合金室温弯曲断裂主要以弥散Cu相的撕裂为主,伴随有W-Cu界面的分离和部分W晶粒的解理断裂。     

机械合金化对W-20Cu复合材料的显微组织与性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备W-20Cu(vol%)复合材料.利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同球磨时间的W-20Cu复合材料显微组织进行表征,并对材料的各项物理性能进行测试.结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,W-20Cu烧结体的组织越来越均匀,Cu相分布也越来越均匀.W-20Cu烧结体密度、收缩率、硬度、抗弯强度随球磨时间的延长而增大;球磨20h的W-20Cu复合粉烧结体热导率达到峰值(130.61 Wm-1K-1),继续球磨,热导率减小.综合考虑所有研究结果,通过机械合金化所制备的W-Cu复合粉体可以获得具有优异综合物理性能的W-20Cu复合材料.     

碳纳米管-银复合材料的制备工艺和电导率

采用粉末冶金方法制备碳纳米管-银复合材料,研究了制备工艺、碳纳米管含量对碳纳米管-银基复合材料密度、硬度、抗弯强度、电导率的影响.结果表明:采用复压烧结,烧结温度为700℃时,复合材料的性能较好;碳纳米管和银的弱界面结合,使得碳纳米管对复合材料的强化效果不明显;当碳纳米管的体积含量大于10%时,碳纳米管在晶界上发生偏聚,碳纳米管-银界面对电子产生散射,导致复合材料的电阻率迅速增加.     

高导热可加工复合材料的制备及性能

研究了氮气气氛无压烧结、气氛压力烧结和气氛热压烧结的制备方法对AlN/BN复合材料致密度的影响,提出了气氛热压烧结法为最佳制备方法.采用热压烧结法制备出高导热可加工的AlN/BN复合材料,并研究了热压烧结中不同BN含量对复合材料的致密度、热导率、强度、硬度等性能的影响,最后结合显微结构图片分析了复合材料在加工过程中裂纹的传播过程,从而解释了材料的可加工性得以提高的机理.     

真空热压烧结制备TiC10/Cu-Al2O3复合材料及其性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了TiC10/Cu-Al2O3复合材料,并测试了性能和显微组织。在冷等静压机上对烧结态试样进行了冷等静压试验。结果表明:该复合材料烧结态的组织较为致密,致密度为98.53%;显微硬度为158 HV,电导率为48.7%IACS。经冷等静压后,材料的致密度为98.76%,显微硬度为161 HV,电导率为50.8%IACS,综合性能均有所提高。     

Cu/NbC纳米复合材料的原位合成及其在电触头材料应用中的功能梯度行为（英文）

原料Cu,Nb和石墨粉末置于高能振动盘式研磨仪,在氩气气氛中研磨7 h制备Cu-5%NbC(体积分数)粉末。采用两步压制法及在真空900℃烧结1h条件下制得Cu-NbC功能梯度材料和复合材料样品,研究样品的显微组织、物理性能和力学性能。场发射扫描电镜、能量色散X射线和X射线衍射结果表明,样品经烧结处理后,晶粒尺寸为18~27 nm的纳米结构基体中含有大小为42 nm的纳米颗粒增强相,证实了所制复合材料的高温热稳定性。Cu-15%NbC复合材料样品的硬度是纯Cu样品硬度的5倍。相对于纯Cu样品,磨损后Cu-15%NbC复合材料样品的体积磨损量减小,且电导率降低至36.68%IACS。相对于复合表面中的复合材料样品,Cu/NbC功能梯度材料样品在具有与复合材料相同的硬度和磨损性能的条件下,显示出75.83%IACS的较高电导率。因此,具有良好力学性能和电学性能的Cu/NbC功能梯度材料将成为很好的电触头材料。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。