超声波法制备木薯氧化淀粉研究

该实验通过超声法制备木薯氧化淀粉,研究了在超声波作用下,超声波功率、超声时间、温度、pH、次氯酸钠有效氯用量对氧化淀粉羧基含量的影响,并进行了工艺优化,结果表明:有效氯浓度对羧基含量的影响最大,木薯氧化淀粉的超声法制备最佳工艺为:反应pH 8、超声功率300W、超声时间100 min、反应温度35℃,有效氯用量5%,此条件下制备的木薯氧化淀粉的的羧基含量是0.891 2%。利用超声波制备氧化淀粉不仅可以节省反应时间,而且节省有效氯用量。同样条件下,超声法制备的木薯氧化淀粉的羧基含量明显高于非超声法。     

微波-超声波辅助制备羟丙基木薯淀粉及表征

以木薯淀粉为原材料,环氧丙烷为醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,在微波-超声波辅助条件下制备羟丙基木薯性淀粉。采用紫外可见分光光度计测量羟丙基木薯淀粉取代度,研究了微波功率、超声波功率、反应时间、环氧丙烷用量、淀粉质量浓度、氢氧化钠用量对羟丙基木薯淀粉取代度的影响。通过单因素实验及正交实验获得制备羟丙基木薯淀粉的最佳实验条件,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对其进行表征。结果表明:最佳制备羟丙基木薯淀粉条件为淀粉质量浓度为20%,环氧丙烷用量为2 m L,反应时间为2.5 min,微波:超声波功率为24W:500 W,氢氧化钠用量为淀粉质量的0.7%;X射线衍射,场发射扫描电镜表明羟丙基木薯淀粉的形态发生部分变化,反应主要发生在无定型区。     

机械活化木薯淀粉干法制备氧化淀粉的研究

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以不同活化时间的木薯淀粉为原料、CuSO4为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,并以羧基含量为评价指标,分别考察了活化时间、反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、pH值、体系含水量等因素对木薯淀粉氧化反应的影响.实验结果表明,机械活化对木薯淀粉的氧化反应有显著的强化作用,活化时间越长,木薯淀粉被氧化的程度越深,羧基含量越高.活化1 h的样品在制备条件为反应时间120 min、H2O2与淀粉的摩尔比0.586、催化剂CuSO4在淀粉中的质量分数0.03%、反应温度50℃、体系含水量27.37%、体系pH值等于5时制得的氧化淀粉羧基含量为0.81%,而在相同条件下,由原木薯淀粉制得的氧化淀粉羧基含量仅为0.26%.     

机械活化木薯淀粉干法制备氧化淀粉的工艺优化

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以活化60min的木薯淀粉为原料,CuSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,采用正交实验法对由活化60min的木薯淀粉干法制备氧化淀粉进行工艺优化,并与原木薯淀粉制备氧化淀粉的工艺条件进行比较。实验结果表明,活化60min的木薯淀粉制备氧化淀粉的最优工艺条件为:反应时间120min、pH值5、反应温度50℃、硫酸铜在淀粉中的质量分数0.03%、双氧水与淀粉的摩尔比0.527、体系水的含量27.37%。在此条件下制得的氧化淀粉羧基含量为0.89%,明显比最优条件下由原木薯淀粉制得的氧化淀粉羧基含量高。     

超声法制备磷酸酯化羟丙基淀粉的工艺优化研究

以羟丙基木薯淀粉为原料,通过正交试验,采用超声法制备具有不同取代度的淀粉磷酸酯.考察酯化剂、催化剂用量及反应温度、时间、pH值等因素对产品取代度的影响.结果表明,超声波与半干法结合的工艺,合成淀粉磷酸酯的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率300W,磷酸盐用量50%,反应时间2h,反应温度为130℃.     

ClO_2制备食用马铃薯氧化淀粉工艺研究

选用新型、安全、高效、稳定的氧化剂制备马铃薯氧化淀粉,通过工艺参数优化实验确定其工艺参数最优水平为:ClO2用量为淀粉质量的0.12%(以ClO2计),LXF型专用活化剂为ClO2原液的10%,反应时间5 h,反应温度50℃。     

氧化淀粉微波酯化及性能研究

本论文以氧化玉米淀粉为原料,以磷酸盐为酯化剂,采用微波作为加热介质制备了氧化淀粉磷酸酯。考察了微波功率、磷酸盐配比、尿素添加量、反应温度和反应时间对制备氧化淀粉磷酸酯性能的影响,并确定了最佳的酯化反应条件为:微波功率为800 W,NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4比例为2∶1,尿素用量为4%,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为30min。制得的氧化淀粉磷酸酯的涂布纸性能优于3S淀粉。     

机械活化木薯淀粉制备交联淀粉研究

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以活化60 min木薯淀粉为原料、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备交联淀粉;探讨机械活化时间、反应时间、反应温度、交联剂用量、体系pH值对木薯淀粉交联反应影响,通过正交实验优化制备条件。结果表明,机械活化对木薯淀粉交联反应有显著强化作用;最优制备条件为:反应时间80 min、反应温度35℃、pH=10、环氧氯丙烷用量0.10 ml;在此条件下,制得交联淀粉沉降积为0.226 ml。     

正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺

使用正交试验法优化马铃薯氧化淀粉制备工艺,以马铃薯淀粉为原料,FeSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,并以羧基含量为评价指标,分别考察反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂用量、催化剂用量、体系含水量等因素对马铃薯淀粉氧化反应影响。得到最优工艺条件为:反应时间3.5h、反应温度60℃、FeSO4在淀粉中质量分数0.025%、H2O2与淀粉摩尔比0.285、反应体系含水量24.000%,在此条件下制得马铃薯氧化淀粉羧基含量为0.530%。     

干法制备氧化淀粉的工艺研究

以H_2O_2为氧化剂，在碱催化剂存在的条件下干法制备出氧化淀粉。并对反应温度、反应时间、反应体系水的质量分数、NaOH与淀粉的摩尔比和H_2O_2与淀粉的摩尔比对氧化淀粉羧基含量的影响进行了研究。在固定反应时间3h，以及H_2O_2与淀粉的摩尔比0.225的条件下，选择反应温度、反应体系水的含量、NaOH与淀粉的摩尔比为三因素，采用正交实验，确定出制备氧化淀粉的最佳工艺参数为：反应温度60℃、反应体系水的质量分数为26.5％、NaOH与淀粉的摩尔比为0.135。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the