Fe3O4/凹凸棒土磁性纳米复合材料的制备与表征

采用超声共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4-凹凸棒土(AT)磁性纳米复合材料,经红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),比表面积(BET)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等方法进行表征.结果表明:Fe3O4纳米粒子较好地吸附在AT表面,并且表现出优良的吸附性能和顺磁性.     

Fe_3O_4@PFR纳米磁流体的制备及其表征

以硫酸亚铁、苯酚和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用水热法制备出酚醛树脂(PFR)包覆的Fe3O4(Fe3O4@PFR)纳米粒子,分散于离子水中,得水基Fe3O4@PFR磁性纳米流体,经过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动磁强计(VSM)进行表征。结果表明,Fe3O4纳米晶体的平均粒径为20 nm,在室温下表现为超顺磁性,Fe3O4@PFR磁性纳米流体具有很好的稳定性和生物相容性。     

超临界法制备多孔纳米Fe_3O_4/SiO_2复合磁性微球及性能

为了制备具有纳米多孔结构的磁性复合微球,采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和金属氯盐分别作为SiO2和铁氧体的前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备将Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散于SiO2基体中的Fe3O4/SiO2磁性纳米复合微球,并用超临界干燥法对其进行干燥。利用X线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动试样磁场计(VSM)等分析测试手段对合成的材料进行性能表征。结果表明:复合粒子包覆完好、性能优良、分散性良好,制备颗粒的粒径为30 nm,比饱和磁化强度为84.09 A.m2/kg。     

单分散超顺磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的合成及表征

利用高温裂解法制备了油酸修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,采用TEM、VSM、XRD以及FT-IR对粒子的结构和性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径为2nm,呈单分散性,结晶性能良好,室温下为超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为11.73emu/g,可应用于磁流体、磁性分离等领域。     

油相稳定分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备研究

分别采用热分解法及共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备了2种可以在油相稳定分散的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并对热分解法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子的反应条件进行了优化,考察了热分解温度、熟化时间对颗粒粒径、形貌及磁性能的影响。通过TEM、VSM和FTIR等表征手段对2种方法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的油相分散稳定性、颗粒形貌及粒径、比饱和磁化强度及表面性质进行了比较。结果表明:热分解法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子表现出更好的油相分散稳定性,共沉淀油酸同步修饰法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子则表现出更好的磁响应性。     

离子液体中合成Fe3O4/PANI复合纳米颗粒

以FeCl3.6H2O和FeCl2.4H2O为原料,以水为介质,利用化学共沉淀法,常温下反应合成了Fe3O4纳米粒子,并进一步以Fe3O4纳米粒子为原料,采用原位聚合法分别在H2O和氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIM]Cl)离子液体中合成了Fe3O4/聚苯胺(PANI)纳米复合粒子,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热分析仪(TG)、电导率仪、多功能振动样品磁强计对样品的形貌、结构和电磁性能进行了表征。结果表明:在这两种介质中都可以得到核壳型复合颗粒,但离子液体中合成的复合颗粒粒度小、分散性好且聚苯胺的结晶程度高。在离子液体中制备的复合材料与水中相同条件下制得的复合材料相比,电导率及磁性能均有提高。在离子液体中制备磁性导电复合材料是一种绿色高效的工艺。     

甲基丙烯酸改性磁性Ni_3Si_2O_5(OH)_4纳米管的制备与表征

采用一步水热法合成人工纤蛇纹石-硅酸镍纳米管,再原位水热还原晶格镍离子制得磁性Ni3Si2O5(OH)4纳米管,并进一步利用原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)在磁性纳米管表面接枝pH敏感型甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)聚合物刷,得到磁性Ni3Si2O5(OH)4/PMAA复合纳米材料(即Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-g-PMAA)。利用傅里叶光谱仪(FTIR),热重分析(TGA)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等对复合纳米材料进行表征。结果表明,Ni3Si2O5(OH)4-g-PMAA纳米管水中分散性能良好。改性Ni3Si2O5(OH)4纳米管的饱和磁化强度达到5.5 emu/g,易于通过外加磁场分离。由于表面丰富的羧基官能团和良好的磁性,PMAA改性磁性Ni3Si2O5(OH)4纳米复合材料可作为磁性纳米吸附剂用于重金属离子废水的处理净化。     

多孔Al2O3负载纳米Fe颗粒复合材料的微观结构与磁性能

采用浸渍-还原法制备多孔Al2O3负载纳米Fe颗粒复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、穆斯堡尔谱仪(M(o)ssbauer)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的微观结构及磁性能进行了研究.发现铁元素以纳米级单质Fe颗粒和超顺磁态α-Fe2O3(< 20 nm)的形式存在.通过穆谱知,氢气气氛600 ℃还原3 h, 59.9%铁元素转变为单质铁.浸渍-还原方法能在较低温度下成功制备不同组成、微观结构及磁性能的多孔磁性材料.     

两步法制备核壳结构Fe_3O_4@PDA@BSA纳米复合材料

采用溶剂热法制备了Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,再经两步法制备了核壳结构Fe_3O_4@PDA@BSA纳米复合材料,并利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品形貌及磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子粒径为3~21nm;核壳结构Fe_3O_4@PDA@BSA纳米复合材料的壳层厚度为10~20nm,比饱和磁化强度为58.8emu·g-1,具有良好的磁性能和生物安全性。该方法简单、反应条件温和、绿色环保,具有较好的适用性。     

弱磁场辅助氧化共沉淀法合成正八面体和六方体型Fe3O4纳米颗粒

采用弱磁场辅助氧化共沉淀法制备正八面体型和六方体型形貌的Fe3O4纳米粒子.X射线衍射结果表明:产物具有尖晶石结构,结晶良好且纯度高.扫摇电子显微镜观察结果表明:产物Fe3O4纳米粒子均为二次粒子,由更小的粒子生长而成.经振动样品磁强计测定,各种形貌的Fe3O4纳米粒子都具有良好的磁性能.由于六方体型Fe3O4纳米晶形状的各向异性,其饱和磁化强度小于正八面体型形貌的Fe3O4纳米粒子.同时,初探了弱磁场影响不同形貌的Fe3O4纳米粒子的形成机制.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。