厦门地区大气气溶胶变化特征分析

厦门地区气溶胶粒子是夜晚多、白天少、阴天多、晴天少,平均粒子谱夏季8月份的大于秋季11月份的,冬季3月份的位于两者之间。冬季3月份的Junge指数v(2．2～2．8)和秋季11月份的v(1．8～2．2)昼夜变化较大。而夏季8月份的v值昼夜变化较小(2．0附近),11月和3月份的Junge系数N_0大致分布在0．5～2．0之间,而夏季的N_0值非常大(2．5～7．0),这说明厦门地区夏季半径在1μm处的粒子非常丰富。厦门地区的粒子数密度夏季昼夜变化不明显,而冬季和秋季昼夜变化明显,主要受相对湿度和逆温层的综合影响。厦门地区2004年8月大气气溶胶折射率虚部的平均值为0．016,其昼夜变化不明显,2005年3月折射率虚部的平均值为0．033,并且其值白天小、夜晚大,昼夜变化很明显。     

利用太阳辐射测量合肥地区气溶胶光学厚度

2005年11月至2006年1月,选择晴朗无云的天气,利用地物光谱仪和自行设计的基于积分球的光学接收装置,测量了合肥地区的太阳直射光谱。利用Langley方法对测量的数据进行处理,反演了从350nm到2500nm的大气气溶胶光学厚度,550nm处的光学厚度平均值是0．39156,光学厚度随波长增加而减小;对计算得出的光学厚度值作了Junge分布拟合,得到浑浊度系数k的平均值是0．18895,波长指数v的平均值是3．26504,结果表明合肥地区气溶胶中小粒子占主导地位。     

利用太阳辐射测量合肥地区气溶胶光学厚度

2005年11月至2006年1月,选择晴朗无云的天气,利用地物光谱仪和自行设计的基于积分球的光学接收装置,测量了合肥地区的太阳直射光谱。利用Langley方法对测量的数据进行处理,反演了从350 nm到2500 nm的大气气溶胶光学厚度, 550 nm处的光学厚度平均值是0．391 56,光学厚度随波长增加而减小;对计算得出的光学厚度值作了Junge分布拟合,得到浑浊度系数k的平均值是0．188 95,波长指数v的平均值是3．265 04,结果表明合肥地区气溶胶中小粒子占主导地位。     

典型地区大气气溶胶谱分布和复折射率特征研究

为了研究典型地区大气气溶胶的谱分布和复折射率的特性,综合运用了黑碳仪、能见度仪、积分浊度仪以及光学粒子计数器等仪器对大气气溶胶进行测量。根据球形粒子的Mie散射理论,利用各仪器测量的数据反演得到气溶胶复折射率,并分析了各个地区的粒子谱分布特征,消光系数和吸收系数随波长的变化关系。结果表明,新疆地区、天津地区、厦门地区及合肥地区的大气气溶胶折射率实部nr都在1.5左右,虚部ni分别为0.01、0.017、0.008和0.016。新疆地区的数浓度谱分布可以用Junge分布来描述,天津地区、合肥地区和厦门地区数浓度谱分布可以用Junge分布和对数正态分布来共同描述。最后还对四地区气溶胶消光和吸收特性随波长的变化关系进行描述,这对于研究气溶胶气候效应具有一定的参考价值。     

近地大气532 nm激光散射的实验与计算

通过实验测出532 nm激光在近地大气的角散射系数,对Junge和Deirmendjian两种模型的气溶胶系统在不同的系统参数、不同的折射率的情况下的散射相函数进行了计算,发现与实验所测得的曲线有明显的差异,这两种模型都不存在散射次极峰.通过对不同半径粒子的散射相函数的计算,说明实验所测的气溶胶系统在粒子尺寸较大的区间的密度要比Junge和Deirmendjian两种模型的密度要大得多,在假定大粒子服从正态分布的前提下,拟合出了气溶胶的分布函数.     

合肥地区背景大气气溶胶的偏振激光雷达测量研究

为了研究合肥地区背景大气气溶胶的后向散射特性和偏振特性,利用2007年1月至2009年2月期间无云晴天偏振激光雷达常规测量数据进行统计分析。结果表明：合肥地区对流层中、上部气溶胶散射比和大气退偏振比具有明显的季节变化,其均值春季最大、冬季次之、夏季再次、秋季最小;在春季由于非球形粒子增多,使得其结果明显偏大。数据分析结果为低对流层米散射激光雷达测量数据反演提供参数选取依据,并为特殊天气过程大气气溶胶结构层（沙尘层、污染层等）的深入研究提供有用资料。     

大气、地表条件对目标-背景对比度的影响分析

本文利用辐射传输软件包MODTRAN．详细分析了大气模式、地表状况以及气溶胶模式等诸多参数对0．43～0．75μm波段范围内的目标背景对比度的影响，主要结果为；①季节变化给目标识别带来一定程度的影响，在同一种大气模式下，在冬季比在夏季更容易识别目标，但是季节变化仅改变C的大小，且变化幅度较小；②不同的大气模式下的C值随波长变化的分布形式发生变化，纬度较高的大气模式下C值较大，或者变化趋势较为明显；③地面反照率对C值的影响较小，同一波长对应的对比度的相对变化较小；④气溶胶模式的变化不仅影响C值的大小，而且改变了C值随波长的分布情况，但是这种影响与其他影响因素相比是很小的．     

合肥、岳西、厦门和北京气溶胶谱分布特征分析

为了研究中国东部典型地区气溶胶粒子谱分布特征,建立东部典型地区的气溶胶粒子谱分布模式,1998年11月～2010年6月期间,使用光学粒子计数器对合肥、岳西、厦门和北京等地区的大气气溶胶进行了长期测量.使用对数正态分布对谱分布进行拟合,对不同地区不同月份的气溶胶谱分布进行了统计和对比分析,初步建立中国东部典型地区气溶胶谱...     

大气折射率结构常数Cn^2高度分布统计特性分析

大气折射率结构常数Cn^2是表示大气光学湍流强度的一个重要参数,利用温度脉动探空仪对合肥地区大气折射率结构常数进行了长期连续的实地探空测量,对大量探空实验数据的统计分析得出合肥地区（0-25km）折射率结构常数随高度的分布廓线,并对其进行统计矩和概率分布的分析,研究表明合肥地区大气湍流随高度分布基本符合对数正态分布,昼夜变化量约为0．8个量级,大气折射率结构常数Cn^2的概率分布存在昼夜差异,白天的Cn^2比夜间的Cn^2峰值要大2个数量级。     

获取多波长气溶胶光学特性的方法研究

为了获得多波长气溶胶的垂直消光特性,本文提出了一种综合利用光学粒子计数器、能见度仪和激光雷达获取多波长气溶胶光学特性的新方法。该方法根据光学粒子计数器测量的谱分布、能见度仪测量的能见度和激光雷达测量的消光后向散射比反演出气溶胶粒子(λ=0.532μm)的折射率,作为初始值,根据气溶胶模式提供的折射率随波长的变化关系,确定其他波长上的折射率。再根据气溶胶折射率和谱分布计算不同波长上的消光特性,最后采用激光雷达测量的垂直消光廓线来反演其他波长上的消光廓线。以0.532μm,1.06μm和 10.6μm三波长为例,给出北京2004年8月24日气溶胶在不同波长上的垂直消光廓线。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks