NURBS边界曲面直接生成法

由于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的复杂性,传统NURBS边界曲面的生成是先构造孔斯曲面,再由孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换得到,其操作过程比较烦琐。针对此问题,提出了NURBS边界曲面直接生成算法,该算法根据给定的四条NURBS边界曲线,结合孔斯曲面生成方法直接插值生成NURBS曲面,从而避免了通过孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换所带来的计算代价,因此同传统方法相比,具有较低的计算代价。实验结果表明:该算法简化了曲面生成步骤,减少了曲面转换过程的计算量,生成的曲面边界信息明确,且连续性好。     

等距曲面的NURBS放样插值方法

本文给出了等距曲面的一种NURBS放样插值生成方法，该方法主要是在原始NURBS曲面上取得一个能较好反映曲面特征的型值点阵，再交这个型值点阵按某种算法矢方向外推，从而得到原始曲面的等距曲面上的型值点阵，然后，再用NURBS放样插值曲面来逼近等距曲面，本文给出的算法几何意义明显，易于编程实现，且得到的等距曲面其u向和v向参数曲线仍是NURBS曲线，且具有C^2连续性，最后，给出了一个实例。     

基于能量优化的NURBS曲面几何特征修改

NURBS作为曲面造型技术中的重要方法之一,在计算机辅助几何设计和计算机图形学领域中有着广泛的应用。针对NURBS曲面的几何特征修改,提出了基于能量优化的修改方法。通过对NURBS曲面的控制顶点进行扰动,以曲面的应力能改变为目标函数并使之最小化,实现了NURBS曲面上给定多个点处的位置、一阶偏导矢、二阶偏导矢和法矢等几何特征的修改。数值实例表明该方法用于微调时,可实现对曲面局部形状的多种修改效果,便于交互设计。     

反向工程中NURBS曲面CAD重构技术研究

CAD几何模型重构技术是反向工程RE(Reverse Engineering)技术的核心,NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines)方法因其表示法的形状控制灵活性,在曲面造型和曲面重构中具有重要作用.针对CAD曲面重构技术进行研究,并对NURBS曲面重构提出一种新的构建方法,将每个数据点相对应的有理基函数的参数值最大化,所得函数值作为数据点的参数值来构造NURBS参数曲面.最后通过实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

NURBS曲面上积分曲率线的B样条表示

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导,并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算,加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程;在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后,应用奇异混合插值技术,在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线．文中的思想与算法有助于曲率线技术在计算机辅助几何设计及曲面造型中的使用与推广．     

NURBS裁剪曲面绘制方法

根据NURBS曲面在u,v参数域的偏导数动态地把NURBS曲面细分成一些四边形区域,然后用双三次Bézier曲面实现这些四边形的C1连续的逼近。完成裁剪曲面绘制这个过程需要由GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)执行两遍。第一遍先由几何着色器实现裁剪曲面的三角化,再由像素着色器生成裁剪纹理。在此基础上执行第二遍,由几何着色器实现双三次Bézier面片的镶嵌,然后由像素着色器根据裁剪纹理绘制出裁剪后的NURBS曲面。采用GPU实现NURBS裁剪曲面的绘制,把大部分的计算从CPU迁移到了GPU。     

基于最佳圆弧样条逼近的快速距离曲面计算

距离曲面是一种常用的隐式曲面,它在几何造型和计算机动画中具有重要的应用价值,但以往往在对距离曲面进行多边形化时速较慢,为了提高点到曲线最近距离计算的效率,提出了一种基于最佳圆弧样条逼近的快速线骨架距离曲面计算方法,该算法对于一条任意的二维NURBS曲线,在用户给定的误差范围内,先用最少量的圆弧样条来逼近给定的曲线,从而把点到NURBS曲线最近距离的计算问题转化为点到圆弧样条最近距离的计算问题,由于在对曲面进行多边形化时,需要大量的点到曲线最近距离的计算,而该处可以将点到圆弧样条最近距离很少的计算量来解析求得,故该算法效率很高,该实验表明,算法简单实用,具有很大的应用价值。     

NURBS曲线曲面的构形原理及其在产品造型中的应用

本文介绍了NURBS曲线、曲面的数学表达,给出了NURBS曲线和曲面的构形原理,在此基础上,推导了过滤曲面,进而获得了产品造型所要求的曲面。实践表明,应用NURBS曲面,使产品造型设计者能随心所欲地实现自己的设计意图。     

散乱点云特征面拟合与求交算法

逆向建模的主要目标就是通过曲面重构,向CAD输入NURBS等曲面模型。曲率是曲面的基本信息,采用二次曲面法估算点云曲率,结合曲率法和统计法对点云进行特征型面分割,有效识别了平面、圆柱面和球面等规则曲面。采用最小二乘拟合法求解曲面参数,拟合NURBS曲面,并采用Newton-Raphson迭代法求解面与面的相交线。实验中规则模型的特征面识别率达到100%,复杂规则几何模型的主要特征面能正确识别。实验结果表明该方法在以规则型面为主要特征的零件模型重构应用中的有效性。     

插值边界曲线的NURBS 近似极小曲面设计

探索性地设计了一个插值给定边界曲线的NURBS 近似极小曲面算法,弥补了当前NURBS 系统无法有效地设计工程所急需的一般NURBS 极小曲面的缺陷.运用NURBS 曲面的节点插入、Hybrid 多项式逼近等多种技术,将NURBS 曲面转化为相对简单的分片Bézier 曲面求解,并运用各子曲面片的控制顶点优化、整体曲面不断更新的迭代方法,成功地得到高精度的近似分片Bézier 极小曲面.最后,可以按用户的各种要求选择运用相应不同的迭代逼近算法,求取插值给定边界曲线的近似NURBS 极小曲面.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.