鳕鱼皮活性胶原的提取及酶解动力学研究

采用低温酸酶结合法提取鳕鱼鱼皮胶原,通过考察不同提取条件,优化了鳕鱼皮胶原的提取工艺,并对所提胶原进行特性分析。以经典的米氏方程理论为基础,研究胃蛋白酶酶促水解鳕鱼皮制备胶原的酶解反应特性,通过鳕鱼皮的酶解曲线,建立数学方程,表征胶原提取过程的水解动力学行为。结果表明:鳕鱼皮胶原提取的最佳工艺条件为:胃蛋白酶添加量为1.0%,料液比为1∶40,处理时间为24h,酸介质为柠檬酸,其浓度为0.20mol/L。在此条件下胶原提取率达到48.67%。胃蛋白酶水解鳕鱼皮制备胶原的动力学模型为:-rs=(2.9004E-3[S])/([S]+0.2156),其中米氏常数Km=0.2156。     

牡蛎蛋白的纯化及酶解条件的研究

本文利用(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀,透析脱盐,DEAE52纤维素柱层析对牡蛎蛋白质进行分离纯化,通过SDS凝胶电泳可知,55%饱和度的(NH4)2SO4沉淀可获得以牡蛎特征蛋白为主的纯化蛋白,其分子量约为55kD.在酶解实验分别采用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶来进行,考察不同条件对水解度的影响.结果是胃蛋白酶酶解的最适酶用量为3%,pH2,温度40℃,水解时间5h,料水比为1:4;而胰蛋白酶的最适酶用量为2%,pH8,温度45℃,水解时间6h,料水比为1:3.     

酶改性蛋白制备水溶性蜂王浆的研究

以胃蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶为实验用酶,对蜂王浆蛋白的最佳水解条件及两种酶解液的特性进行了研究.结果表明:胃蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为pH=2,温度为37.C,料液比为1:3,酶浓度7‰,反应时间为8h;碱性蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为pH=8,温度为50%,料液比为1:4,酶浓度7‰,反应时间为8h.碱性蛋白酶其酶解产物的澄清度、苦味值及氮溶解指数均优于胃蛋白酶酶解产物,可用于制备水溶性蜂王浆.     

不同来源脂肪酶催化餐厨废油水解实验研究

研究不同来源的脂肪酶催化餐厨废油水解反应制备脂肪酸,通过单因素实验考察了酶用量对酶解率的影响,在此基础上采用正交实验对水解工艺参数酶用量、水解温度、油水比和水解时间进行优化。结果表明:猪胰脂肪酶L3621和假丝酵母脂肪酶LS20在适宜条件下均可实现餐厨废油的高效酶催化水解;L3621最佳水解条件为酶用量700 U/g、水解温度45℃、油水比1∶1.2、水解时间36 h,在此条件下酶解率达94.30%;LS20最佳水解条件为酶用量600 U/g、水解温度40℃、油水比1∶1、水解时间36 h,在此条件下酶解率达96.84%。     

茶树籽蛋白质微波辅助酶解制备多肽的研究

以碱提酸沉法制备茶树籽蛋白质,并用微波辅助酶解法制备茶树籽多肽。研究了胃蛋白酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解液pH值等工艺因素对酶解产物的蛋白质水解度和多肽浓度的影响,并采用正交试验法优化微波辅助酶解的工艺条件。结果表明,产物的蛋白质水解度和多肽浓度随着加酶量提高和水解时间延长呈稳定上升后趋于平缓的趋势,而随着水解温度提高和酶解液pH值升高呈先上升后下降趋势,酶解液pH值对结果有显著影响。微波辅助酶解工艺可显著缩短蛋白质酶解进程、提高酶解液中多肽的含量,在胃蛋白酶用量6,000 u.g-1、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解时间15 min、酶解液pH值3.5等的优化条件下,酶解产物的蛋白质水解度为13.65%、多肽浓度为13.18 g.L-1。     

鱼胶原蛋白酶解工艺及其活性肽抑制ACE酶的研究

本研究通过单因素实验和正交实验优化胃蛋白酶水解鱼胶原蛋白制备胶原多肽的工艺。采用高效液相色谱法测定海水鱼与淡水鱼胶原多肽血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制活性来表征其降血压功能。研究表明:胃蛋白酶制备鱼胶原多肽的最佳酶解工艺条件是水解温度为37℃,初始p H为2.5,酶与底物比例为1∶125(w/w),底物质量分数为3%(w/v),水解时间为12 h,此时鱼胶原蛋白溶液的水解度为19.17%。研究发现海洋鱼胶原蛋白和淡水鱼胶原蛋白的酶解上清液均具有较高的ACE抑制活性,半抑制浓度IC50分别为1.34 mg/m L和1.52 mg/m L。利用超滤离心管获得的不同分子量组分中,分子量小于3 ku的海洋胶原多肽CP-Ⅰ和淡水胶原多肽CP-Ⅲ的ACE抑制活性的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0.43 mg/m L和0.60 mg/m L,而相应分子量大于3 ku的海洋胶原多肽CP-Ⅱ和淡水胶原多肽CP-Ⅳ的半抑制浓度IC50分别为1.78 mg/m L和1.69 mg/m L。     

响应面法优化酶法制备猪血红蛋白抗氧化肽

以猪血红蛋白为原料,研究蛋白酶水解制备抗氧化肽的工艺.通过研究酶解时间、酶与底物比、酶种类对制备的抗氧化肽还原力和水解度影响,筛选出最佳蛋白酶及制备抗氧化肽的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:7种酶中,胃蛋白酶的水解度和还原力最佳.胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶复合水解比单酶水解的水解度提高了11.83％,还原力没有显著性差异.在此基础上设计单酶响应面,得到最佳还原力酶解条件为:酶解温度37.31℃、pH1.95、酶与底物比3526.74U/g.脱色条件为活性炭用量3％、pH4.0、温度70℃、脱色时间1h,粉末状活性炭的脱色率达到85.69％,蛋白质损失率20.32％.     

人工养殖鲟鱼鱼头蛋白粉的制备工艺

对比研究3种蛋白酶水解鲟鱼鱼头的效果,单酶水解选择胃蛋白酶为水解的最适酶种,双酶水解采用正交试验确定其最佳的复合酶种为胃蛋白酶加木瓜蛋白酶,水解条件为温度37℃和50℃、酶用量50μkat/g、分别在最适pH2.5与pH6.5下共水解5h、料液比1:2(g/mL),蛋白质回收率可达到93.52％;经过酸浸预处理后水解液基本无腥苦味,经真空冷冻干燥可制得蛋白含量为78.12％的蛋白粉.     

酶法水解紫菜蛋白动力学研究

为阐明酶法水解紫菜蛋白的动力学特性,研究了酶解时间、初始pH值、温度、酶浓度、底物浓度对紫菜蛋白水解度的影响,建立紫菜蛋白水解动力学方程.结果表明:酶解温度50℃、初始pH 9.0为最适水解条件.紫菜蛋白的水解度随着酶浓度的升高而增强,随底物浓度的增加而减弱.在此条件下,碱性蛋白酶水解紫菜蛋白的动力学方程:X=3.597ln[1+(82.788E0/S0-3.058)t],总水解速率方程:am=297.8×(E0-11S0/297.8)×exp(-0.278x),为合理确定酶解反应实验的各种参数提供理论依据.     

脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉酶水解实验研究

蛋黄蛋白粉是提取药用卵磷脂生产的副产物,用酶解方法将蛋黄蛋白转化为氨基酸或寡肽是回收利用脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉的重要途径之一.从研究水解反应入手,通过单因素试验和正交优化试验研究胃蛋白酶的最佳水解条件,考察了底物浓度、水解时间、反应温度、pH、酶浓度对脱脂蛋黄蛋白粉水解度的影响,然后根据正交试验结果对胃蛋白酶胰蛋白酶组合水解进行研究.研究结果表明,胃蛋白酶水解的最佳工艺条件是:温度为38 ℃,pH为2.0,底物浓度为5％,酶浓度为2％,水解时间为4h,此条件下水解度为15.76％.胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶组合酶水解的最佳工艺条件是:先加胃蛋白酶水解4h,而后调节pH为7.5,温度55℃,再加入浓度为0.5％的胰蛋白酶水解4h,此时水解度高达20.41％,明显高于胃蛋白酶单酶水解.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.