注塑机合模装置的技术及研究进展

结合国内外注塑机合模装置的现有技术状况，概述了各种注塑机合模装置的技术特点，以及注塑机合模装置的发展概况。     

超高效合相色谱技术在国内的应用

超高效合相色谱技术于2012年由Waters公司推出以来,由于具有快速高效、适用范围广、绿色环保等特点,得到了迅速发展,应用在食品、纺织品、药品、化工产品等领域。本文对国内超高效合相色谱技术的研究成果进行综述,为超高效合相色谱技术的应用提供参考。     

合康变频与新西兰公司成功签署合作代理协议

2012年4月1日,合康变频与新西兰某著名软启动供应商签订合作代理协议。合康变频副总经理张涛、总工程师杜心林出席了本次签约仪式。"同步投切"技术是合康变频与新西兰公司共同开发海外市场的重要契合点,该项技术可以实现一台变     

硅胶键合相的合成及其应用

主要介绍了硅胶健合相的3种主要合成方法、降低表面羟基技术以及硅胶键合相的应用研究进展。     

用差热和红外光谱考察聚乙二醇-400键合相的表面性质

化学键合固定相(键合相)是高效液体柱色谱技术发展的重大成就。虽然历史很短,但已引起了人们的注意。测定键合相性能的方法,国外已有报导。国内也做了许多工作。用红外光谱对键合相表面性质进行研究,国外已有报导,但用差热分析对键合相表面性质进行研究的报导作者还没见     

新型液压胀合有缝不锈钢管衬里复合管的制造技术

针对目前液压生产复合管方法的不足，研制开发了一种新型不锈钢衬里复合管液压胀合装置。介绍了该装置的工作原理和结构特点及液压胀合复合管的制造技术。     

超临界烯烃聚合

论述了超临界流体对烯烃聚合的影响，总结了超临界聚合技术的研究与应用。认为：在单体临界点以上进行的超临界聚合技术的研究开发已比较成熟；而新近开发的超临界流体介质中的烯烃取合技术更为重要，可以充分发挥超临界技术的优点，提高聚合产率，并能制备性能特殊的取合物。特别是采用超临界CO2为介质的聚合过程，为实现烯烃聚合的绿色生产奠定了基础。     

全电动注塑机设备合模机构结构优化

对常见的合模机构形式进行分析,基于曲柄摇杆机构,提出了一种新型的电动连杆式合模机构。利用矢量封闭方程法构建了合模机构的运动学模型,建立了优化目标和确定了优化变量,设置了约束条件,采用Matlab根据遗传算法对合模机构进行了优化分析。最后基于计算机辅助技术和虚拟样机仿真技术,对优化模型进行了分析验证,结果表明:优化的合模机构的滑块速度与加速度变化平滑、无突变,并且具有较大的工作行程,在合模极限位置拥有最大的推力,能够满足设计需求,为其他类似机构的设计与优化提供了指导。     

水泥行业节能减排的技术途径

讨论了目前国内较为成熟的水泥行业节能减排技术途径:淘汰技术落后的立窑企业;多掺混合材,多生产掺混合材的水泥;利用窑尾出预热器的废气和窑头冷却机的废气发电;利用替代燃料和替代原料,降低熟料热耗;利用立磨辊压机终粉磨技术、预粉磨技术和助磨剂以及风机用变频调速技术等;总结了每种途径可能达到的节能减排技术指标。     

渤海湾浅海某油田主力油层合采评价

运用油藏地球化学原油全烃色谱指纹技术,对渤海湾浅海某油田两层合采情况进行了评价。研究表明,Ⅳ、Ⅴ两砂层组合采不影响其中单砂层的出油量,合采井整体产量大幅提升,两层合采工作制度可行、合理;原油指纹参数具可配比性,原油全烃色谱指纹技术是油田开发生产研究中一项既经济又便捷的有效手段。     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

ABSTRACT

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Environment and colour: The technological interface

Technology and colour are viewed as interfaces between the environment, humans and human activity. Examples are provided of ways of facilitating and improving access to and use of colours by commercial users of colour coatings through improvements in the accuracy of measuring and displaying colour. By analogy, the task of providing effective interfaces within the coatings industry, between the coatings industry and the environment and between the coatings industry and the public and political domain are discussed. Examples of information shortfalls are cited to illustrate how distortions arise. Examples of more effective, integrated technological, organisational and political interfacing are culled from the author's experiences.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

聚苯胺及其衍生物在杀菌防污领域的应用进展

抗菌剂在涂料、膜、生物智能材料等材料表面的防污领域有着极其重要的应用价值。随着环保意识的增强，长效、环境友好型的抗菌剂成为当前研究的主流。其中，聚苯胺由于其良好的生物相容性和物理化学性能，是一种极具潜力的抗菌剂。聚苯胺的抗菌机理可由自身的氧化还原活性、阳离子吸附效应及电化学活性3方面分析。概括了聚苯胺及其衍生物的结构及制备方法；进一步从杀菌防污机理出发，综述了聚苯胺及其衍生复合材料在不同防污材料中应用的研究进展，包括在接触杀菌型表面、释放杀菌型表面、抗黏附型表面3种类型的材料中的应用。此外，提出了聚苯胺在防污应用中需进一步解决的问题及发展方向。     

离子液体和低共熔溶剂绿色回收废旧锂离子电池的研究进展

温和条件下废旧锂离子电池的绿色高效回收具有重大意义，目前利用离子液体和低共熔溶剂回废旧收锂离子电池的综述报道较少。本综述回顾近年离子液体和低共熔溶剂回收废旧锂离子电池，分析离子液体和低共熔溶剂对不同锂离子电池正极材料回收的差异性，介绍绿色溶剂结构、酸碱性、电池组成、温度、时间、质量比等因素对回收的影响，归纳绿色溶剂回收废旧锂离子电池的热力学和动力学规律及其溶解机制，并指出利用离子液体和低共熔溶剂回收废旧锂离子电池目前存在的一些问题及其提出可能的应对策略。