送粉形式对等离子粉末堆焊效果的影响

介绍了目前等离子弧粉末堆焊常用的几种送粉形式，较详细地分析了其利弊，着重分析了送粉方式对粉末熔敷效率的影响因素，并通过大量分析及实验验证，给出了同时获得高熔敷速度低稀释率的最佳送粉形式。     

送粉位置对等离子喷涂YSZ粒子熔化状态的影响

研究了等离子喷枪采用3个送粉位置时距离喷嘴90mm处YSZ粒子的熔化状态(包括粒子温度及速度、粒子粒度分布、粒子撞击基体后的扁平形貌),其中送粉位置1和2为枪外送粉,送粉孔轴线距离喷嘴端面分别为9mm和3.5mm,送粉位置3为枪内送粉,送粉孔轴线距离喷嘴端面5mm。结果表明,送粉位置沿等离子射流逆流方向移动时(分别对应送粉位置1、2和3),粒子熔化效果明显增强,粒子扁平化程度提高;涂层中未熔颗粒和孔隙百分比由33.25%减小至10.13%,涂层结合强度由16.25MPa增加至37.25MPa,涂层表面剥落20%时经历的热震次数由35次增加至130次;采用送粉位置3时,喷涂功率33.60kW,低于其他送粉位置的电弧功率(46.75kW),实现了低功率制备高性能YSZ涂层。     

HA粉末粒径对微束等离子喷涂扁平粒子形貌及涂层微结构的影响

目的研究粉末粒径对微束等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石(HA)扁平粒子形貌和涂层的微观组织结构的影响。方法选取三组不同粒径范围(25～38μm、38～45μm、45～63μm)HA球形粉末,采用微束等离子喷涂方法在经镜面抛光的Ti-6Al-4V基体上收集扁平粒子,在经过喷砂处理的Ti-6Al-4V基体上沉积HA涂层。利用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对扁平粒子形貌,以及涂层的形貌、相组成和择优取向进行分析。通过激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)观察扁平粒子的三维相貌,并对比分析扁平粒子的差异。结果微束等离子喷涂过程中,可形成几种典型形貌特征的扁平粒子,一是中间区域较厚,边缘位置较薄的扁球形;二是中间区域较薄,边缘位置较厚的圆盘状,该种扁平粒子相比于扁球形,其厚度较薄,直径较大;三是边缘位置存在"指状"溅射的圆盘状,其厚度与圆盘状扁平粒子厚度相当,但其直径范围较大。HA涂层的结晶度随着粉末粒径的减小而减小,HA的分解和非晶化逐渐增强,涂层的择优取向强度减弱,涂层中柱状晶比例减少。结论微束等离子喷涂过程中,粉末粒径对扁平粒子形貌和涂层相结构有显著影响。随着粒径的增加,扁平粒子由扁球形转变为边缘有少量"指状"溅射的圆盘状。粒径较小的HA粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化程度较高,导致涂层中分解相和非晶相含量增多,择优取向程度减小。     

超音速等离子喷涂参数对粒子速度温度的影响

采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统,选用纯Al2O3粉末,研究了电功率、电流、电压、气体流量、送粉量对飞行粒子速度和温度的影响.研究结果表明:Al2O3粒子的温度、速度随功率的增大分别呈持续上升与先增大后下降的趋势;在相同功率时,电流对粒子速度、温度的影响大于电压的影响;加大主气流量,粒子速度和温度均先增大后减小;增大送粉量,粒子速度先增大后减小,而粒子温度则一直减小.最后结合涂层的形貌、孔隙率、显微硬度,优化出最佳的喷涂参数.     

陶瓷粉末尺寸对电弧喷涂金属-陶瓷复合涂层形成及性能的影响

利用高速电弧喷涂和含有微米TiB2和纳米Al2O3陶瓷粉末的粉芯丝材在碳钢基体上制备了六组陶瓷颗粒弥散增强的Fe-TiB2复合涂层,研究微纳米陶瓷粉末对电弧喷涂Fe-TiB2复合涂层的形成和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜、WYKONT1100三维表面形貌仪对比分析了扁平粒子形貌和厚度;用SEM,EDAX及XRD分析涂层的形貌和相组成,测试了涂层的显微硬度和耐磨粒磨损性能,并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察磨损后的涂层形貌.结果表明,随着粉芯丝材中微纳米陶瓷粉末含量的增加,扁平粒子的形貌从飞溅严重的散点状逐渐转变成少量飞溅的盘状,涂层的孔隙率随之下降.对比6种涂层的组织及性能,发现当粉芯丝材中的TiB2粉末尺寸＜2 μm时,Fe-TiB2复合涂层中的陶瓷硬质相分布最为细小、弥散,涂层的耐磨性能最好.     

316L不锈钢粗粉注射成形喂料的流变行为

制备了平均粒度为30μm的316L不锈钢粗粉注射成形喂料,研究了剪切速率、温度对喂料流变行为的影响,应用毛细管粘度计测量了3种喂料在不同温度下的粘度值,比较了3种不同成分喂料的应变敏感性因子的大小。结果表明:粉末装载量为58%、粘结剂成分为65%PW+30%LDPE+5%SA的喂料应变敏感性因子较小,较适合316L不锈钢粗粉的注射成形。     

激光熔覆载气式同轴送粉喷嘴关键参数的探究

以激光熔覆载气式同轴送粉喷嘴为研究对象,建立了三通道激光熔覆喷嘴的三维模型,运用计算流体动力学理论对激光熔覆送粉喷头关键参数进行了数值分析,基于商用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对送粉通道不同倾角和送粉口不同直径条件下的粉末流场情况进行了数值模拟。分析与计算结果表明,在其他参数一定的条件下,选样送粉通道倾角角度70°和送粉口直径1.5 mm时,有利于改善激光熔覆效果,为CFD技术在流体机械分析中的应用提供了参考。     

Microstructure and Lattice Parameters of AlN Particle-Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique. The evolution of lattice constants and solid solubility levels of Al in α-Mg and the microstructure of Mg-Al/AlN composites were investigated in the present study. The results showed that the solid solubility of Al in α-Mg reached a relatively high level by the P/M process with a long time of milling. X-ray diffraction showed that the peaks of Mg phase clearly shifted to higher angles. The lattice constants and cell volume decreased significantly compared with those of standard Mg due to a significant amount of Al incorporated into α-Mg in the form of substitutional solid solution. The degree of lattice deformation decreased at a low sintering temperature and increased at higher sintering temperatures due to the presence of AlN. Microstructural characterization of the composites revealed a necklace distribution of AlN particles in the Mg matrix. Heat treatment led to precipitation of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ from the supersaturated α-Mg solid solution. The precipitate exhibited granular and lath-shaped morphologies in Mg matrix and flocculent precipitation around AlN particles.     

搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D镁合金流变性能的影响

通过自行设计制造的一套半固态镁合金机械搅拌装置，制备了AZ91D镁合金半固态浆料，研究了工艺参数对半固态镁合金流变性能的影响。结果表明，适合镁合金的半固态温度为560～570℃，其相对应的固相体积分数为41％～48％。在剪切速率为79．75s^-1、剪切时间为240s时就可使半固态镁合金获得良好的流变性能。     

雾化参数对H70黄铜粉末粒度及其分布的影响

气雾化生产金属粉末是一个复杂的过程,影响因素较多.为制备较细粉末需求最佳的工艺参数组合,应用气体动力学和流体力学分析了雾化气体压力、金属熔体温度和导液管内径对H70黄铜雾化粉末粒度及其分布的影响.结果表明:适当地提高气体压力和金属熔体温度或者减小导液管内径均能使雾化粉末粒度增大,当雾化气体压力为1.3 MPa,金属熔体温度为1 160 ℃时,导液管内径为3.5 mm时,所制得的粉末的粒度及其分布均达到最佳效果.     

Investigation of Creep Feed Grinding Parameters and Heat treatment Effects on the Nickel-base Superalloys

The Nickel base Superalloys are the most famous complicated and useable of Superalloys to make hot zone components of the gas turbines. The complicated dimensional tolerances, specially at the root of the blade show importance of grinding processes at the production of blades root. The prediction of the effect of machining parameters on the soundness of component surface strengthening for reaching to a suitable surface finishing and avoiding from crack formation at the work part during machining operation often is not easy and feasible so needs to more industrial investigation.This research is about frame 5 blade designed by GE and made from Superalloy IN738LC has been investigated. The formation of a plastically deformed and heat affected zone during grinding of Superalloy IN738LC with a high depth of cut but slow work speed (creep feed grinding) was investigated. Parameters such as work speed, depth of cut and radial dressing speed have been considered as variables and their effects have been studied. During experimental performed, the voltage and current of motor measured and power and special energy calculated.Some samples heat-treated (of the 1176℃ for 1 hr under neutral argon gas and cooling rate of 15℃/min up to 537℃ and then air cooling) to study grains recrystallization. Other samples have been created from the roots of blades and then coated by Nickel to measure boundary layer micro-hardness. The results show that increasing work speed leads to increasing the use power. Increasing the depth of cut, by increasing material removal rate, and the radial dressing speed, by decreasing power, lead to decreasing special energy. The temperature created by grinding lead to decreasing plastic deformation and boundary layer formation. When the radial dressing speed changes from 1 to 0.6μm/rev and other parameters are kept unchanged the roughness of surface increases and the special energy decreases. Sufficient dressing is very essential in limiting the width of the molten zone to few micrometers. As a result, it was found that local melting at contact spots to be a rather common mechanism during grinding of superalloys, lead to so-called white layers which can easily be observed on metallographic cross sections.     

Influence of Processing Parameters on the Deformation Behavior of Ti14 Alloy Containing a Small Volume of Liquid

采用热模拟系统研究了半固态变形温度,应变速率和变形量对Ti14合金压缩行为和组织演变的影响。结果表明:温度和应变对Ti14合金半固态峰值应力影响较大,峰值应力随着温度的增加和应变速率的减小而降低。分析认为:半固态变形中,应变速率的变化会影响产生压缩变形所需的响应时间,而液相的含量受控于变形温度,随着变形温度的升高,组织中出现了网状晶界结构,使得变形机制由固相粒子的塑性变形转变为固液混合流动。此外,变形量对合金半固态变形的应力-应变影响较小,可以认为是液相的润滑作用和协调变形机制缓解了晶粒间的压缩应力和摩擦力,使得应力-应变变化不明显。     

数控机床进给系统机械参数灵敏度分析

利用Modelica语言建立了数控机床进给系统的多领域模型,在正交实验设计的基础上进行仿真实验,对影响进给系统动态性能的机械参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果显示:机械参数对进给系统动态性能的影响和对单纯的机械系统的影响是不完全一样的,与系统转动惯量正相关的机械参数的增大,会降低系统的动态响应性能,丝杠轴的阻尼系数存在最优值使得系统动态性能最好,而轴承和导轨的摩擦影响较小。     

环境温度对微进给平台定位精度影响规律的研究

微进给机构是超精密加工设备中实现精密定位的重要组成部分，加工环境条件极其微小的变化均可能影响其定位精度。文章运用I-DEAS软件，针对自行研制的一台精密磨削用多自由度辅助微进给平台，在假定其它加工环境均满足加工要求的前提下，对不同环境温度下其热变形情况进行了初步的研究。研究发现，微进给平台沿z向的最大变形量与环境温度呈正比；环境温度对微进给平台z向最大变形量的影响与微进给平台的动平台上表面温度值的大小呈正比。     

Influence of Ti Powder Characteristics on the Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti Using Space Holder Technique

Porous Ti samples were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique using three kinds of Ti powder and the space holder of polymethyl methacrylate.The final morphological features and mechanical properties were described.Results show that there is only a-Ti phase in porous Ti samples.After sintering,the oxygen content of three porous Ti is increased from the range of 0.34–0.63 wt% to 0.95–1.3 wt%.The porous Ti prepared from the uneven powders with an average particle size of(22.75±11.09) lm presents the largest micro-pore size,grain size,and oxygen content,which lead to the lowest strength and Young's modulus.