高炉煤气中脱氯剂的活性组分

采用HSC化学热力学软件研究了可能的脱氯剂活性组分CuO、ZnO、Fe2O3、NaHCO3、Ca(OH)2、MgCO3、CaCO3、KOH、Na2CO3等脱除高炉煤气中氯化氢反应的吉布斯自由能,筛选出KOH、CaCO3和Na2CO3可以作为高效脱氯剂的活性组分。在实验室进行了脱氯剂活性组分性能检测,以低温饱和氯容和一次穿透时间作为评价指标,验证并分析了几种脱氯剂活性组分的脱氯性能,并且研究了石油化工行业成熟脱氯剂NJ作为对比。研究表明,Na2CO3和改性后的石灰石B的致密度和反应活性较为适宜,可以作为高炉煤气脱氯剂主要活性组分;石油化工行业的NJ型脱氯剂不适用于高炉煤气氯化氢的脱除。     

氯化钕熔盐电解制取钕铁中间合金

本文简要评述了制取Nd及富Nd合金的方法,分析讨论了用消耗性Fe阴极电解NdCl_3-KCl熔盐制取Nd-Fe合金的原理及选择技术条件的原则。实验室电解试验获得了含Fe仅13％的优质Nd-Fe合金,69％的合金电流效率(按纯Nd计为60％),Nd直收率大于90％。试验结果表明,本法是技术上合理、经济上有利的制取Nd-Fe合金的简便有效方法。     

High-Density Polyethylene Membrane Containing Fe0 as a Contaminant Barrier

To improve the performance of polymer-based containment barriers with respect to the breakthrough of chlorinated solvents, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane containing zero-valent iron (Fe0) nanoparticles was developed as a reactive barrier. The performance of the reactive membrane was evaluated by challenging it with carbon tetrachloride in a diaphragm cell apparatus. In a Fe0/HDPE system, reaction between carbon tetrachloride and Fe0 did not occur due to a lack of water in the polymer matrix. A glycerol-modified Fe0/HDPE membrane successfully increased the lag time before breakthrough by 13–16 fold compared to HDPE alone. Calculations estimate that only 2.5–3.0% of the Fe0 initially present in the membrane reacted before breakthrough of carbon tetrachloride. Extrapolations of these results to practical situations with larger membrane thicknesses and lower contaminant concentrations predict lag times on the order of years.     

2,4,6 Tri-Chlorophenol Containing Wastewater Treatment Using a Hybrid-Loop Bioreactor System

A hybrid-loop bioreactor system consisting of a packed column biofilm and an aerated tank bioreactor with an effluent recycle was used for biological treatment of 2,4,6 tri-chlorophenol (TCP) containing synthetic wastewater. The effects of sludge age (solids retention time) on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TCP, and toxicity removal performance of the system were investigated for sludge ages between 5 and 30?days, while the feed COD (2600±100?mg?L?1), TCP (370±10?mg?L?1), and the hydraulic residence time (25?h) were constant. Percent TCP, COD, and toxicity removals increased with increasing sludge age resulting in nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal at sludge ages above 20?days. Biomass concentrations in the packed column and in the aeration tank increased with increasing sludge age resulting in low reactor TCP concentrations, and therefore, high TCP, COD, and toxicity removals. More than 95% of COD, TCP, and toxicity removal took place in the packed column reactor. Volumetric rates of TCP and COD removal increased due to increasing biomass and decreasing effluent TCP and COD concentrations with increasing sludge age. The specific rate of TCP removal was maximum (120?mg?TCP?gX?1?day?1) at a sludge age of 20?days. TCP inhibition was eliminated by operation of the system at sludge age above 20?days to obtain nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal.     

Steel Corrosion in Hydrogen Sulfide Containing Oil Field Model Media

Metallurgist - Corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior of X60 steel in model solutions of the Samotlor and Usinsk fields and in the NACE medium recommended for accelerated corrosion...     

Hydrogen Reduction of Zinc and Iron Oxides Containing Mixtures

Zinc is a metal of significant technological importance and its production from secondary sources has motivated the development of alternative processes, such as the chemical treatment of electrical arc furnace (EAF) dust. Currently, the extraction of zinc from the mentioned residue using a carbon-containing reducing agent is in the process of being established commercially and technically. In the current study, the possibility of reducing zinc from an EAF dust sample through a H₂ constant flux in a horizontal oven is studied. The reduction of a synthetic oxide mixture of analogous composition is also investigated. The results indicated that the reduction process is thermodynamically viable for temperatures higher than 1123 K (850 °C), and all zinc metal produced is transferred to the gas stream, enabling its complete separation from iron. The same reaction in the presence of zinc crystals was considered for synthesizing FeZn alloys. However, for the experimental conditions employed, although ZnO reduction was indeed thermodynamically hindered because of the presence of zinc crystals (the metal’s partial pressure was enhanced), the zinc metal’s escape within the gaseous phase could not be effectively avoided.     

Corrosion Behavior of Low Alloy Steels Containing Manganese in Mixed Chloride Sulfate Solution

The corrosion resistance of the low alloy steels was improved by the addition of Mn up to 2.0 wt pct due to grain refinement and the formation of a protective rust layer. On the other hand, the addition of 5.0 wt pct manganese decreased the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel due to the microstructural changes that hinder the formation of the protective rust layer.     

含锌碱性运行水处理方案在空分系统的应用

针对空分装置换热器特点和黄浦江水质状况，介绍了含锌碱性水处理方案及其在空分系统的水处理效果。     

水热氢还原制粉技术及其在热喷涂领域的应用

本文概述了水热氢还原制备金属粉末和复合粉末的方法,包括其基本原理、影响因素和技术特点,并介绍了该技术在热喷涂领域的应用。     

低氯硫酸镍电解液生产镍粉

针对氯化物电解液生产镍粉劳动条件差，设备腐蚀严重，产生污染等问题，研究了一种含低氯的硫酸镍电解液生产镍粉的工艺，该工艺有效地改善了镍粉生产的劳动条件，减少了污染和腐蚀，产出的镍粉粒度细，纯度高，质量稳定，产品性能优于国产标准，经多家用户使用效果良好。     

Thermal Desorption Analysis of Hydrogen in High Strength Martensitic Steels

Thermal desorption analyses (TDA) were conducted in high strength martensitic steels containing carbon from 0.33 to 1.0 mass pct, which were charged with hydrogen at 1223 K (950 °C) under hydrogen of one atmospheric pressure and quenched to room temperature. In 0.33C steel, which had the highest M _s temperature, only one desorption peak was observed around 373 K (100 °C), whereas two peaks, one at a similar temperature and the other around and above 573 K (300 °C), were observed in the other steels, the height of the second peak increasing with carbon content. In 0.82C steel, both peaks disappeared during exposure at room temperature in 1 week, whereas the peak heights decreased gradually over 2 weeks in specimens electrolytically charged with hydrogen and aged for varying times at room temperature. From computer simulation, by means of the McNabb–Foster theory coupled with theories of carbon segregation, these peaks are likely to be due to trapping of hydrogen in the strain fields and cores of dislocations, and presumably to a lesser extent in prior austenite grain boundaries. The results also indicate that carbon atoms prevent and even expel hydrogen from trapping sites during quenching and aging in these steels.     

Determination of Hydrogen in Steel by Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Hydrogen embrittlement has been observed since high‐strength steels have been produced in the nineteen thirties 1 . Several different analytical methods have been developed to quantify the total and diffusible hydrogen in steel, but many aspects of hydrogen determination are still to be explored. Purely quantitative determination of hydrogen is not sufficient to fully characterize the steel regarding its resistance against embrittlement. Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) allows the investigation of hydrogen absorption and desorption mechanisms to characterize hydrogen traps in different kinds of steel microstructures. This provides valuable information for the development of new materials with a higher resistance against hydrogen embrittlement. Additionally, TDMS allows the quantitative determination of very small concentrations of hydrogen (<0.1 µg/g). Such low detection limits cannot be reached with other methods. Due to time‐consuming analysis and a rather complex construction, TDMS is usually not applied for hydrogen determination in German steel mills. The present work describes the development of a thermal desorption spectrometer at ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG by adapting a compact quadrupole mass spectrometer to a commercially available hot solid extraction analyzer, which has proven to be a simple and efficient solution for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in steel.     

冶炼烟气中氟化氢和氯化氢气体脱除的研究现状与展望

结合目前国内冶金行业发展现状及环境污染问题,揭示了含氟化氢（HF）和氯化氢（HCl）废气治理与资源化利用的重要性和必要性。介绍了工业含氟、氯废气的主要来源及危害,分析了目前含氟和含氯废气单独处理的各种方法的原理及优缺点。湿法工艺因其高效、直接、操作简单的优点而广泛应用于冶炼烟气领域。然而,湿法吸收这两种气体也存在二次污染和水资源的浪费等问题。提出利用干法吸附协同净化这两种气体更经济、更环保、更高效的新思路。     

AB5型含Mn储氢合金的研究综述

文章评述了近年来人们对提高AB5型含Mn储氢合金综合性能所进行的研究。通过综述AB5型含Mn稀土系储氢合金Mn在合金中的作用及Mn含量变化、显微结构等对储氢合金的影响,得出储氢合金中Mn对吸氢平台压力、储氢容量、吸放氢速率、循环寿命的影响。通过利用Mn元素对B侧元素的部分或全部替代或Mn被其它元素替代,可以对AB5型储氢合金进行更深入研究,从而进一步提高其综合性能。     

氯化铵在含砷金银铅锌矿选别中的应用

某多金属铅锌矿含砷较高．采用常规铅、锌优先浮选方法，铅、锌精矿中砷含量超标。为了解决铅、锌精矿中砷超标的问题，在铅、锌粗、精选作业中加入氯化铵，成功地降低了铅、锌精矿中砷的含量，使铅、锌精矿质量合格．将这一结果应用于生产，取得了良好的效果。     

贮氢合金的表面处理

本文根据国内外关于贮氢合金表面性质对其电化学性能影响的研究结果,综述了近年来贮氢合金表面改性处理的现状和进展     

Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Reduction in Leachate Treatment Systems

Chloride is used as conservative tracers to estimate hydrological pathways. Field data on treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate show that Cl is reduced in aerobic treatment. Here laboratory experiments simulating MSW leachate treatment are conducted to see if electrical conductivity (EC) reduction can be duplicated in the laboratory, and to find probable chemical or physical factors explaining EC and chloride reduction. The experiments include three leachate, eight artificial, and three control samples. Mean reduction of EC in the respirometers was 17% for the leachate and 25% in the artificial samples. There was close to zero reduction in the controls. Mean reduction of chloride was 45% in the artificial samples and 9% in the controls. The oxygen consumption was lower in the leachate samples during aeration, probably due to inhibitory compounds. There was no reduction in EC after chemical coagulation with Al and organic coagulants, 31% reduction in the aerobic system, and 46% in the anaerobic system. Total organic carbon significantly influenced the oxygen consumption. The reduction of chloride and EC depended on the acidity (pH) of the leachate. Centrifugation showed an effect on EC and chloride concentration. Based on these results it seems that the reduction of chloride in leachate treatment depends on the formation of organic precipitates.     

煤中氢对含碳球团还原的影响

针对含碳球团还原过程中的煤种选择问题,研究了烟煤和无烟煤挥发分中氢对含碳球团还原的作用以及温度、加热速度对氢还原过程的影响。结果表明,含碳球团中煤热解产生的氢对铁氧化物有还原作用。由于煤中挥发分的热解析出温度与氢还原铁氧化物的还原温度不一致,氢在还原初期迅速放出,导致氢的还原作用率低;提高温度和加热速度可提高煤中氢的还原作用率和挥发分的利用率。综合考虑,含碳球团实际生产选择煤种时,应选择反应性好的无烟煤。     

含锌碱性运行水处理在合成氨循环水系统中的应用

循环冷却水旧配方使用过程中存在指标难以控制、水质稳剂投加程序复杂。循环水浓缩倍数低等问题．通过研究分析及动态模拟试验，引进了全有机加锌多组份缓蚀阻垢剂JH-512，新配方的使用不但解决了旧配方存在的很多问题，而且去掉了补充水的软化过程。