Gendered ideologies: cultural and social contexts for illustratedmedical manuals in Renaissance England

Considers the social and political ideologies that affected the design of illustrations of the female body in English Renaissance medical manuals. Through a semiotic analysis, we examine medical illustrations explicitly tied to female bodies-anatomical illustrations of female genitalia, a clitorectomy and a hymenectomy-to show that the ways in which a body or surgical procedure was visually represented served to create the “other”. We learn, by extension, how social and political ideologies affect the decision-making of modern-day technical communicators     

简论经济增长方式转变与提高公民科学素质的关系

本文分析了传统经济增长方式的弊端。转变经济增长方式的必要性和时代要求,内涵式发展方式对人的素质的要求,以及提高人的科学素质与经济发展方式之间的关系,论述了在增长方式的转变过程中,应该抓住提高国民科学素质这一根本措施,通过提高国民素质,增强创新能力和发展动力,把科学发展观贯彻落实和深入人心,以真正实现经济社会的持续、稳定和快速发展。     

Training new technical writers

Many organizations hire new technical writers regularly as their business expands, or hire temporary technical writers to cope with a heavy workload period. Although it is assumed that such people are hired for their writing skills, they still must be trained quickly in four areas: how business is done in the organization, the process used to produce information, the style of writing preferred, and the technical tools available and how they are to be used. The author shows one way of structuring such a training program. It is based on an actual course developed over a period of three years. It is concluded that a good training program requires considerable forethought and subsequent modification to keep up with change, an organized coordinator, a dedicated set of teachers and a process that can be readily learned and modified again by others as turnover occurs     

Woman as mediatrix: women as writers on science and technology inthe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

It is argued that although the writing on science and technology produced by women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has usually been considered peripheral to scientific and technological advancement, the history of the mediatrix, or woman mediator, reveals that women writers carried out essential tasks. History suggests that women assumed the role of mediatrix much more frequently than they assumed other roles, largely because that role allowed women to contribute to science and technology without seriously violating gender norms. The careers and writing of four women mediators are described, showing that mediation is an unrecognized but crucially important aspect of the intellectual activity of science and that mediative writing often clarifies, rather than debases, scientific knowledge. The history of women mediators also suggests that intermediaries are essential for the functioning of the interlocking and overlapping groups and institutions that constitute science and technology and that it might be beneficial to restructure organizations so that the role of mediator is clearly defined and valued     

调研我国等离子体材料处理方面的教材情况

在调研世界和我国等离子体刻蚀技术的发展现状的基础上,分析我国急需培养的等离子体材料处理方面的几类不同人才;然后对培养不同人才所需要的教材提出不同的理想指标;最后根据这个理想框架,重点对市面上销售的主要中文、英文相关书籍进行分析比较,列出其主要内容和适合阅读对象,希望读者能够方便地选择出适合自己的教材。调研结果表明,中文相关书籍基本上都不适合作为教材使用,而英文相关书籍是我们值得学习借鉴的。     

Personal Mobile DTV Cellular Phone Terminal Developed for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting With Internet Services

Digital terrestrial broadcasting in Japan specifies a service profile not only for fixed receivers in the home, but also for personal mobile terminals such as acellular phones and PDAs. Services for personal mobile terminals are expected to become more attractive with sufficient functionality and flexibility by utilizing the network connectivity of mobile terminals. In order to verify the possibilities of digital television broadcasting (DTV) services for personal mobile terminals and clarify technical problems at the commercial level, we developed a prototype mobile terminal capable of receiving digital terrestrial broadcasting in addition to the Internet. This paper describes the assumed DTV service for personal mobile terminals and the technical architecture of the developed mobile terminal with regard to the hardware and the software. Several experiments using the developed mobile terminal were conducted and the performance was evaluated.     

Today's style guide: trusted tool with added potential

Style guides, the primary tool of technical editors, are as important as ever; actually, their increased uses and benefits can redefine the activities of editors. Specifically, style guides can be used to train new employees, to generate buy-in of subject-matter experts, and to define the process flow of document and product generation. Additionally, because they have the potential to control many style decisions and to integrate a variety of skills, computer-driven styles and Web style guides reinforce these increased uses and benefits and suggest the emergence of even more. Thus technical editors' roles may be expanded to include additional training functions, new marketing dimensions, and innovative research in multimedia design and development     

Multiple media literacies

There are at least three different types of media literacy, each linked to a different conception of what we mean by the term media. The notion that media are conduits that carry messages points to the need for media content literacy. The idea that media are distinct languages suggests the need for media grammar literacy, that is, understanding the use of production variables within each medium. The conception of media as environments suggests the need to grasp the influence of the relatively fixed characteristics of each medium (medium literacy), both on individual communications and on social processes in general. Medium literacy, in particular, offers some special thought into the origins, problems, and possibilities of the media literacy movement.     

Digital architectures: a rhetoric of electronic document structures

As multimedia communication continues to grow, online technologies have dramatically changed the ways we use and present information-so much so, that we need new theories and models for understanding how technology and content are related in the new communication environment. The paper presents a theory of digital architecture, explains how SGML, HTML, and information architectures are related in the creation of a new online literacy and rhetoric, and discusses concepts, skills, and resources needed for educating tomorrow's technical communicators     

提升公民科学素质的新探索

基于对公民、素质和科学素质内涵的相关界定及《全民科学素质行动计划纲要》提出的公民具备基本科学素质的一般要求,从4个方面为提升公民科学素质制定子目标。依据子目标给出了相应的科学传播内容体系,提出应建立测度公民接受科学传播后其相应科学素质变化的评估指标体系。     

Texts and other resources for training in technical and scientificcommunication

A bibliography and its introduction provide a convenient way to narrow the scope of selecting pedagogical material by discussing recent, easily accessible books in the field of technical communication. The bibliography consists of two parts: one is devoted to more traditional textbooks appropriate for classroom use, whether in academia or in industry and business; the other discusses such other resource materials for collateral use and supplementary reading as scholarly studies, anthologies, and handbooks. The bibliography is reasonably comprehensive for books published from the beginning of 1988 through June 30, 1990. 42 books are annotated, and an additional ten are listed     

Decomposing style,content, and motion for videos

In this paper, we present the first video decomposition framework, named SyCoMo, that factorizes a video into style, content, and motion. Such a fine-grained decomposition enables flexible video editing, and for the first time allows for tripartite video synthesis. SyCoMo is a unified and domain-agnostic learning framework which can process videos of various object categories without domain-specific design or supervision. Different from other motion decomposition work, SyCoMo derives motion from style-free content by isolating style from content in the first place. Content is organized into subchannels, each of which corresponds to an atomic motion. This design naturally forms an information bottleneck which facilitates a clean decomposition. Experiments show that SyCoMo decomposes videos of various categories into interpretable content subchannels and meaningful motion patterns. Ablation studies also show that deriving motion from style-free content makes the keypoints or landmarks of the object more accurate. We demonstrate the photorealistic quality of the novel tripartite video synthesis in addition to three bipartite synthesis tasks named as style, content, and motion transfer.     

Does Advertising Literacy Mediate the Effects of Advertising on Children? A Critical Examination of Two Linked Research Literatures in Relation to Obesity and Food Choice

It is widely assumed in academic and policy circles that younger children are more influenced by advertising than are older children. By reviewing empirical findings in relation to advertising and children's food choice, it is argued that this assumption is unwarranted. The findings do not suggest that young children are more affected by advertising than are teenagers, even though the latter are more media literate. This article critically examines the theoretical gap in the literature regarding the relationship between advertising literacy and advertising effects. By applying a dual process model of cognitive persuasion, it is shown that the evidence is more consistent with the argument that different processes of persuasion are effective at different ages, precisely because literacy levels vary with age. Recommendations for future research on the effects of advertising on children, together with the implications for policies of regulating advertising to young children and of media literacy interventions, are identified.     

Parenting the Internet

Telephone surveys of single and married mothers of teenagers in public schools, mothers of teenagers in religious schools, and mothers of homeschooled teenagers examined the influence that parenting styles and level of Internet access in the home have on parenting mediation of online content and time spent on the Internet ( N = 520). Specifically, how authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles as well as home and bedroom Internet access influence the evaluative and restrictive mediation techniques used by parents was investigated. Results indicate that parenting style has a significant effect on almost all mediation techniques studied, whereas increased access only influences time online. Additionally, technological blocking as a restrictive mediation technique was found to be highest among authoritative parents, followed by authoritarian and neglectful.     

提升农村妇女科学素质的影响因素及意愿需求分析———以河北、福建、陕西为例

通过实地调研、座谈会、问卷调查等方式,对河北、福建、陕西3省6个县(市)9个乡的350位农村妇女进行了农村妇女科学素质现状、影响因素及意愿需求的调查研究。结果表明:目前农村妇女科学素质普遍偏低,家务劳动繁重;年龄、文化程度两个因素与农村妇女科学素质的关系比较密切;科普活动时间与地点安排的不合适是农村妇女不能参加的主要原因;教育培训仍是当前较受欢迎的科普方式;农村妇女提高科学素质的愿望很强烈,最关注种、养殖技术、子女教育和卫生保健三个方面。     

微小卫星自主控制与编队组网技术

微小卫星以其独有的特点和未来的科学技术、民用航天领域的应用前景,已经引起国内外的广泛的关注。结合当前微小卫星国内外的研究现状,分析了微小卫星自主控制与编队组网技术的研究内容和技术难点,并针对关键技术提出相应的解决方法。     

The Relationship Between Online Pornography and the Sexual Objectification of Women: The Attenuating Role of Porn Literacy Education

Media literacy interventions partly aim at preventing undesirable media effects at a later point of time. However, longitudinal research on the interaction between media literacy education and media effects is lacking. In this longitudinal study among 1,947 13–25-year-olds, we started to address this lacuna by examining the potential of porn literacy education at schools to attenuate the longitudinal relationship between exposure to sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) and views of women as sex objects. A two-way interaction effect emerged: The relationship between SEIM and sexist views became weaker, the more users had learned from porn literacy education. No gender or age differences occurred. This study thus provides some first evidence for the role of media education in reducing undesirable media effects.     

xCP: peer-to-peer content protection

In this article, we present a new protocol for implementing an authorized domain, a collection of devices that are equally authorized to play content. This is a new direction for content protection schemes that represents a careful balance between the needs and wants of consumers and content owners. Our protocol is a novel application of cryptographic technique known as broadcast encryption in a configuration that had not been explored previously: a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. We discuss the details of a P2P protocol based on broadcast encryption that supports and enforces renewable content protection for home networks. Several technical advantages of this protocol, including lower computational requirements, flexible network topology and support for intermittently connected devices, are given.     

关于少儿气象科普创作的理念探索和建议

气象科普从少儿抓起具有非常重要的时代意义,本文对少儿气象科普创作的理念进行了新的探索,指出少儿气象科普作品的表达方式可以开放思维、更加大胆,创作者应该具备怀疑精神,在进行少儿气象科普创作的时候注重引导启发,而不是硬性灌输,以做到更加符合儿童心理、符合科学精神。文中简要分析了当前国内少儿气象科普作品的现状和普遍存在的问题,并结合现有问题和少儿特殊的心理特点提出了少儿气象科普创作要增加想象力和故事性、尽量运用儿童的思维和语言、多采取玩学互动的方式等建议,供广大同仁批评讨论。