CPC在太阳能热利用中的应用

综述了CPC聚光器的光学原理、制作方法、优点和在太阳能领域的应用；分析了CPC由倒V型结构向W型结构发展的原因；阐述并提出了直通式CPC、热管式CPC、自聚光式CPC的结构和优点；设计了多种双层玻璃管式CPC结构。     

新V型内聚光CPC热管式真空管集热器的热性能

基于圆管型复合抛物聚光器(CPC)的研究,由于接受体和CPC反光板之间存在缝隙而造成大量漏光损失,设计了一种可以减少漏光损失和热损的新V型CPC反光板,并综合利用热管式真空管集热器的优越性,开发出一种新V型内聚光CPC热管式真空管集热器。首先给出了其设计结构,并对其进行传热分析,推导出该型集热器的集热效率、总热损系数的计算方法,再进行室外动态性能试验,测定了它的效率曲线,试验结果与理论计算值较符合。     

CPC热管式真空管集热器的集热效率研究

介绍了CPC(compound parabolic concentrator)热管式真空管集热器的结构,对CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器进行了传热分析,并对CPC热管式真空管集热器、热管式真空管集热器和CPC热管式集热器的集热效率进行了对比计算。CPC热管式真空管集热器的集热效率的理论计算和试验结果表明:CPC热管式真空管集热器的集热效率最佳。     

内聚光型太阳能光电-光热复合管的光学设计

根据非跟踪内聚光型太阳能光电-光热复合管的结构形式及其受光体的特殊需求,采用Winston的CPC设计原理,对圆管内具有特殊形状的半圆柱接收器的复合抛物面聚光器进行光学设计,得到了较为理想的聚光器设计曲线,并对结果进行数值仿真,给出各入射角的光线分布图和光强分布图。     

多功能家用太阳能热水开水器

我们研制了一种多功能的家用太阳能热利用装置,该装置采用高效率、低成本,长寿命的蜂窝太阳能集热器与适当设计的热水开水箱(兼蒸锅)构成。集热器能接收太阳直射辐射也能接收漫射辐射。整个系统结构简单,操作维护方便。兼具通常平板型热水器和CPC开水器的优点,又填补两者     

三维CPC太阳能聚集特性的数值模拟

根据几何光学原理,通过联合求解高次曲面方程,采用射线踪迹蒙特卡洛法(Monte-Carlo ray-tracing Method,MCRT)模拟了直射太阳光束在三维CPC内的传播过程.通过数值模拟,分析了三维CPC的太阳能聚集能流密度分布、方向分布和透过特性以及这些聚集特性参量随CPC高度截取比例、CPC最大接收角、跟踪误差等因素的变化.结果表明,三维CPC的出射面太阳能热流分布出现峰值;截顶后三维CPC的最大接收角不变,透过率性能有所改善.     

新型CPC热管式集热器的设计与模拟分析

基于CPC型集热器的发展现状,设计出新型CPC热管式集热器.介绍了该集热器的聚光面和接收器的结构设计计算过程,并对集热器进行了集热分析.采用MATLAB建模仿真技术对该集热器进行建模和动态仿真来预测该新型CPC热管式集热器的运行情况,得出新型CPC热管式集热器的有效输出能量、出口温度、瞬时集热效率的变化图.通过试验研究证实了新型CPC热管式集热器可以产生蒸汽,可用于制冷,尤其是热源品位要求较高的氨吸收式制冷,同时还可用于汽轮机发电和太阳能海水淡化等场合.     

空间太阳能CPC的聚光特性与改进方案

对平面吸收体型CPC结构,推导了截取比的合理取值范围,结合卫星的轨道特性,采用蒙特卡洛法模拟分析了平面吸收体型CPC内的光传播特性.针对空间CPC对日跟踪技术的难点,提出了间歇跟踪的控制方法,导出了跟踪方向的间歇调整计算公式.以太阳同步圆轨道卫星的CPC应用为例,进行了聚光特性的数值模拟,探讨了平面吸收体型CPC的光线损失机理,提出了性能理想的封闭式改进方案.     

复合抛物面聚光器（CPC）在光伏/热太阳能系统中的应用及实验

为研究复合抛物面聚光器(compound parabolic concentrator,CPC)在光伏/热(PV/T)太阳能系统中的应用特性,分析CPC-PV/T集热器内部的热传输机理,建立CPC-PV/T太阳能系统的光热、光电能量转换理论。并对系统的光热、光电转换特性进行研究,结果表明,CPC型聚光器在PV/T系统中的应用,一定程度上会导致系统光热转换性能的降低,但能有效提高系统光电转换效率。另外,设计无聚光PV/T太阳能系统样机和CPC型聚光PV/T太阳能系统样机,并对2种样机的光热、光电特性进行测试及对比分析。其中,CPC-PV/T样机的热效率为39.6%、输出电效率5.4%,无聚光PV/T样机热效率为44%、输出电效率仅为4.1%,实验结果与理论分析结果一致。     

塔式太阳能热发电接收器的研究进展

太阳能接收器是塔式太阳能热发电集热系统的重要组成部分。文中介绍了目前国内外已有的间接外露式、间接管状、直接无压式、直接有压式、复合型和多级型6种主要类型的塔式接收器的工作原理及研究现状。综合研究的现状及结果表明:间接式接收器技术风险低,易实现大容量蓄热,可连续、稳定发电,但热力损失大、效率低。直接式接收器换热效率高,可达80%,但蓄热技术尚不成熟,难以实现连续发电。复合型和多级型发电成本可降至0.082美元/度,具有巨大的商业应用前景。     

太阳能热发电系列文章(1)聚光类太阳能热发电概述

能源短缺、资源枯竭、环境污染等问题已严重影响人们的生活和制约社会的发展,各国竞相开展水能、风能、地热能、生物质能、潮汐能、太阳能等清洁和可再生能源的应用研究。美国、德国、以色列、澳大利亚及日本等国家在太阳能应用技术研究方面起步较早,也是当今太     

太阳能热发电系列文章(15)太阳能热发电中的聚光器

分析了聚光器的设计要求和聚光器种类;介绍了现有聚光器的现状,并进行了分析比较,说明了其发展趋势;阐述了我们在这方面所做的工作。     

半导体热电发电技术

１８２３年，德国物理学家塞贝克（Seebeck）发现了温差电流现象，即由两种不同金属构成的回路中，如果结点处的温度不同，回路中就会产生一个温差电动势。这就是著名的塞贝克效应或热电效应。１２年后，法国科学家帕尔贴（Peltier）又发现了塞贝克效应的反效应———帕尔贴效应，即当电流通过由两种不同金属构成的回路时，结点处会产生吸热或放热现象。基于这两种物理现象，随后人们进行了金属材料热电发电的探索性研究。但是由于当时金属材料的热电性能较差，致使发电装置的能量转换效率很低，实用价值受到极大的局限性。因此，１００多…     

太阳能热发电系列文章(9)DSG技术在槽式太阳能热发电中的实践

介绍了槽式太阳能热发电系统中DSG技术的三种实现方式;对比了再次循环方式中饱和蒸汽发电和过热蒸汽发电;介绍了DSG技术的实践和应用研究项目。     

太阳能热发电系列文章(10)槽式太阳能热发电中的聚光集热器

介绍了槽式太阳能热发电系统中DSG技术的三种实现方式;对比了再次循环方式中饱和蒸汽发电和过热蒸汽发电;介绍了DSG技术的实践和应用研究项目。     

Solar thermal aided power generation

Fossil fuel based power generation is and will still be the back bone of our world economy, albeit such form of power generation significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions. Solar energy is a clean, environmental friendly energy source for power generation, however solar photovoltaic electricity generation is not practical for large commercial scales due to its cost and high-tech nature. Solar thermal is another way to use solar energy to generate power. Many attempts to establish solar (solo) thermal power stations have been practiced all over the world. Although there are some advantages in solo solar thermal power systems, the efficiencies and costs of these systems are not so attractive. Alternately by modifying, if possible, the existing coal-fired power stations to generate green sustainable power, a much more efficient means of power generation can be reached. This paper presents the concept of solar aided power generation in conventional coal-fired power stations, i.e., integrating solar (thermal) energy into conventional fossil fuelled power generation cycles (termed as solar aided thermal power). The solar aided power generation (SAPG) concept has technically been derived to use the strong points of the two technologies (traditional regenerative Rankine cycle with relatively higher efficiency and solar heating at relatively low temperature range). The SAPG does not only contribute to increase the efficiencies of the conventional power station and reduce its emission of the greenhouse gases, but also provides a better way to use solar heat to generate the power. This paper presents the advantages of the SAPG at conceptual level.     

Continuous hydrino thermal power system

The specifics of a continuous hydrino reaction system design are presented. Heat from the hydrino reactions within individual cells provide both reactor power and the heat for regeneration of the reactants. These processes occur continuously and the power from each cell is constant. The conversion of thermal power to electrical power requires the use of a heat engine exploiting a cycle such as a Rankine, Brayton, Stirling, or steam-engine cycle. Due to the temperatures, economy goal, and efficiency, the Rankine cycle is the most practical and can produce electricity at 30–40% efficiency with a component capital cost of about $300 per kW electric. Conservatively, assuming a conversion efficiency of 25% the total cost with the addition of the boiler and chemical components is estimated at $1064 per kW electric.     

太阳能热发电系列文章(12)聚光类太阳能热发电中的热管式真空集热管

介绍了热管技术和热管式真空集热管;设计了几种热管式真空集热管;阐述了热管式真空集热管在槽式和碟式太阳能热发电系统中的应用。     

Optimum size of thermal power stations

It is well known that the price per unit of generated electrical energy decreases with increasing size of the generator, which implies longer transmission lines and hence larger transmission losses. Considering both these facts, the optimum size of a thermal power station has been obtained by using life-cycle costing analysis; the demand is proposed to be met by a base load generator and a peak load generator. The dependence of the investment ratio (the ratio of present worth of net income to the capital investment) on relevant parameters has been studied. It is seen that there exist optimum sizes of base load generator and peak load generator of a power station, for a given load density. The effect of electricity price, coal price and escalation rates on the optimum sizes has also been investigated. The analysis has been made for constant demand as well as for growing demand. The effect of the ratio of base load to peak load on the economics has also been investigated. The cost data from a recent study in India have been used.     

Technology parameter for thermal power stations

The technology parameter which represents the ratio of fractional change of an investment to fractional change in cost of electrical energy has been computed for thermal power stations. The value lies below ten which signifies that the is good scope for additional investment (bigger power stations).