Cr12MoV钢表面TD盐浴渗钒处理的研究

对Cr12MoV钢制模具表面TD盐浴渗钒处理后的硬化层进行了研究,结果表明:Cr12MoV钢经980℃保温5h后油淬和180℃×2h回火的TD盐浴渗钒处理后,可以形成由含V和C的化合物组成的厚约为11.4μm的表面渗层,且渗层厚度均匀致密并与基体呈冶金结合.同时,渗层的表面硬度高达2786Hv,使得材料的耐磨性能得到极大的提高.     

Cr12钢TD盐浴渗钒组织与性能研究

研究了Cr12钢制模具表面TD盐浴渗钒处理后的碳化物层的组织与性能.结果表明:Cr12钢经960℃×4.5 h TD盐浴渗钒后,形成了主要由含V和C的化合物组成的、厚约19.5μm的表面渗钒层,并且渗层厚度均匀,致密性和连续性均较好.TD盐浴渗钒经油淬和220℃×1.5 h回火后的渗层的表面硬度高达2197 HV,表面摩擦系数明显降低.极大地提高了材料的耐磨性.此外,高温氧化试验表明,渗钒层在400℃以下具有较强的抗氧化性能,有利于中低温下工作的工模具使用.     

16Mn钢固体渗硼工艺研究

采用不同渗剂配比、不同加热温度对16Mn钢进行固体渗硼处理,并对其显微组织、显微硬度及试样表面成分进行分析。结果表明:渗剂(硼砂、氧化铝、氟硼酸钠)工艺为950℃×4 h的渗层厚度约为55μm;渗剂(硼砂、碳化硅、氟硼酸钠)工艺为1050℃×4 h的渗层厚度约为65μm。两种工艺处理后显微硬度均明显高于基体硬度,但1050℃×4 h得到的渗层与基体结合强度更高,其表面层生成FeB或FeB、Fe_2B。     

直流电场对42CrMo钢盐浴渗氮催渗与改性作用

以42CrMo钢为材料,对比研究了传统和直流电场催渗盐浴渗氮技术。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪对渗层的显微组织、渗层厚度、硬度及物相进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:直流电场可以显著提高盐浴渗氮速度,降低渗氮温度或缩短渗氮时间;在外加电压7.5 V直流电场条件下,保温时间为80 min时,处理温度530℃获得的化合物层厚度与同样时间常规盐浴渗氮560℃时获得的层深相近,约为6.7μm,处理温度为560℃时化合物层厚度提高到12.1μm。虽然直流电场不改变42CrMo钢盐浴渗氮层的主要物相,均由ε-Fe_3N相、γ'-Fe_4N相和Cr N相构成,但直流电场盐浴渗氮后渗层中硬度较高的γ'-Fe_4N相的相对含量更高。因此,直流电场盐浴渗氮处理后的42CrMo钢的截面显微硬度大幅度的提高,经过575℃×80 min,7.5 V盐浴渗氮后的试样截面显微硬度达到1100 HV0.01,是基体硬度的3倍。同时,施加电场盐浴渗氮使42CrMo钢耐蚀性比常规盐浴渗氮进一步提高。     

LD钢TD盐浴渗钒组织和性能研究

通过TD盐浴渗钒处理在LD钢表面制备渗钒层。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪对渗钒层组织成分进行检测。结果表明:经TD盐浴渗钒处理后,在LD钢表面获得较为均匀致密的渗钒层,覆层与基体为冶金结合。950℃时,覆层厚度和硬度随时间增长而增加;8 h覆层厚度约为6.1μm,显微硬度值约为1975 HV0.025。覆层主要由无序VCx相组成。LD钢在950℃碳化钒覆层生长动力学近似遵循ln=Dt(n2)方程。     

合金球墨铸铁的渗硼-等温淬火

热处理能明显改善球墨铸铁(以下简称球铁-译注)的性能,获得等温淬火球铁(ADI)。通过渗硼形成高硬度(2 100 HV)的渗层能进一步提高性能。本文研究用球铁含有合金元素铜、铜-镍和铜-镍-钼,在850℃、900℃和950℃的盐浴(硼砂+铝)中渗硼2 h和4 h,然后将试样直接从渗硼温度在240℃、300℃和360℃的盐浴中等温淬火(渗硼-等温淬火),渗硼后不需要为了等温淬火而再次奥氏体化加热。渗硼层均匀,厚度35~130μm,硬度1 300~1 700 HV。     

Cr12类钢冷作模具的表面强化方法

<正> 一、化学热处理 1.盐浴渗铌 渗铌是在硼砂盐浴中进行的。硼砂盐浴的主要成分是由硼砂,氧化铌,铝粉组成。 将工件放入960±10℃盐浴中保温3—5h后取出直接淬火再回火,然后清理表面。经渗铌后的工件表面形成5—15μm厚度的碳化铌(NbC)层,它具有低摩擦系数、耐     

深层QPQ工艺参数对3Cr13钢渗层组织的影响

选用3Cr13马氏体不锈钢作为实验材料,利用深层QPQ盐浴复合处理处理技术,研究氮化温度、氮化时间和氰酸根浓度对QPQ复合处理后的渗层组织的影响.运用显微硬度计检测渗层的厚度和显微硬度值的变化,运用金相显微镜观察氮化后试样渗层的显微组织,检测化合物层的厚度和质量.结果表明:随氮化温度的升高或氮化时间的延长渗层深度增加;经630℃×2h氮化可形成深度高达97 μm的渗层组织;随氮化温度的升高,试样的表面硬度值在600℃后呈下降趋势,有疏松层的形成;氰酸根浓度对渗层的厚度影响显著,特别体现在扩散层的厚度上.而对试样表面硬度影响很小.     

QPQ处理氮碳共渗温度对45钢组织与性能的影响

对用于制作高压开关构件的45钢进行了3 h盐浴氮碳共渗,抛光后再进行400℃×30 min氧化的QPQ处理。通过观察渗层表面形貌,测量渗层表面硬度及耐磨性,分析了渗层性能与QPQ工艺之间关系。研究结果表明,45号钢在不同QPQ氮碳共渗温度下得到了不同厚度的化合物层,具有很高的硬度和耐磨性。当620℃氮碳共渗时,氮碳共渗层的综合性能最佳。     

电脉冲处理时间及冷却方式对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢氮碳共渗的影响

用金相显微镜、显微硬度计研究了电脉冲处理时间及冷却方式对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢固体氮碳共渗的影响。结果表明,在550℃保温1 h后进行连续脉冲6 h处理所得的渗层厚度为150μm,但表面产生裂纹甚至剥落。每小时脉冲处理15 min,随炉冷却可得到渗层较深,且渗氮层表面齐整,渗层厚度大于普通工艺中的渗氮层厚度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.