卧式轧机芯辊结构强度校核方法

以卧式轧机芯辊为研究对象,将产品高度进行分组,对芯辊工作部位进行受力分析,计算出芯辊工作时的失效极限,根据强度校核结果指导工艺设计,选择合理的轧制力,避免芯辊因轧制力过大而产生弯曲、断裂,延长芯辊使用寿命,降低生产成本。     

改善带钢板形的自调整支承辊

自调整（ＳＣ）支承辊技术是美国工程技术公司和美国国际轧机咨询公司最近研制的用于控制带钢凸度和平整度的新技术。基本原理是：为了调整由于加载导致的支承辊弯曲，ＳＣ支承辊由１个锻钢辊套热会于铸钢轨芯的中部区段组合而成，见图１。除中部冷缩区段外，在辊芯和辊套之间形成缝隙，并朝轧辊边部逐渐加大。在加载时，此缝局部压合，这样，辊套的整个弯曲近似等于辊芯的弯曲。由于二者的弯曲方向相反，因此支承辑和工作辊之间的弯曲将显著地减少。工作辊发生强制弯曲时，由于支承辊边部存在挠性，因此工作辊的弯曲能力提高，即加大了工作…     

热卷箱新技术在莱钢1500热轧带钢生产线的应用

介绍了莱钢1500热轧生产线热卷箱设备组成和主要功能,采用两套独立的液压控制系统分别控制入口、出口弯曲辊的升降,给出了弯曲辊辊缝计算模型.弯曲辊抬升速度采用分段控制,以适应弯曲辊辊缝的变化与卷径的变化相配.采用正弦曲线无芯移送钢卷.     

采用15Cr5MoV新材质提高连铸机拉矫辊的质量和寿命

本文从磨损、弯曲、裂纹三方面分析了连铸机拉矫辊的失效形态和原因。通过试验,从抗高温氧化腐蚀、高温强度和高温断裂韧性等方面对不同材质的拉矫辊进行了对比。试验表明,采用15Cr5MoV 钢能显著提高连铸机拉矫辊的寿命。     

5CrNiMo热环轧芯辊断裂失效分析

针对5CrNiMo芯辊在环件轧制过程中出现的断裂失效问题,采用断口宏观和微观形貌观察、化学成分检测、金相检验和硬度测试等方法对断裂芯辊进行分析。在理化试验的基础上,运用微观断裂机理和数值模拟对芯辊的断裂原因进行分析。研究结果表明,5CrNiMo芯辊断裂的原因是由于芯辊热处理不当,导致芯辊表面疲劳抗力低,在环件轧制过程中承受循环应力而在表面形成疲劳源并逐步扩展,最终导致芯辊断裂。因此提出严格控制芯辊的热处理工艺参数和采用表面喷丸来提高芯辊疲劳寿命的解决措施。     

基于损伤力学的铸轧辊套疲劳寿命的研究

分析铸轧辊套的疲劳失效机理,然后应用损伤力学理论,将辊套疲劳裂纹产生和裂纹扩展有机地结合在一起考虑,在应力场已知的情况下,采用损伤力学一有限元法对辊套的损伤场进行了分析,估算了裂纹扩展的寿命,并给出了具体分析步骤.最后,通过具体的算例,验证了整个分析计算过程的可行性.该研究方法改变了研究辊套裂纹形成与裂纹扩展两个单独处理的现状,而使其成为一个完整的统一的分析过程.通过分析计算结果可知:辊套的疲劳寿命与辊套材料的热疲劳性能、导热能力、热膨胀系数以及表面加工质量直接相关,从而为提高辊套使用寿命提供了有价值的参考.     

铸轧辊的失效及提高寿命的途径

总结了铝连铸机上铸轧辊（辊套与辊芯）失效的主要形式和原因，从设计，制造和使用等方面综述了提高铸轧辊寿命的途径，对提高和延长铝连铸机铸轧辊的寿命有一定的参考价值。     

压铸镁合金高温蠕变研究现状及进展

综述了压铸镁合金高温蠕变的失效形式及机理 ,结合汽车用镁合金部件的实际制备 ,分析和讨论了提高压铸镁合金抗高温蠕变性能的方法 ,提出了在开发耐高温蠕变镁合金时应注意的问题。     

弯管压力平衡型膨胀节高温蠕变失效分析

以某高温高压下失效的弯管压力型膨胀节三通管为研究对象,建立了三通管的三维模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS进行了温度场和高温蠕变模拟。对比了2年和5年的蠕变应力场和应变场,分析了高温蠕变模拟结果。结果表明,失效位置的温度达到了650℃,超过了304H不锈钢的蠕变温度。由于蠕变变形引起的应力松弛,最大等效蠕变应力和最大等效蠕变应变大小和位置均发生了变化。5年后最大等效蠕变应变达到5.5%,超过了ASME核电规范与标准规定的5%。这与实际失效情况一致,证明了模拟的准确性。     

端面无支撑芯辊模态及其动力响应有限元分析

利用NX Nastran对轧制矩形截面环件所用的端面无支撑芯辊进行了模态分析数值计算,得到了芯辊约束工况下的前6阶固有频率和模态振型,详细分析了各阶模态振型对芯辊工作状态的影响。简化轧制过程芯辊的受力模型,模拟分析芯辊在3种不同轧制时间作用下的节点位移与应力随时间的变化规律。同时对3种时域轧制力信号进行傅里叶变换,分析轧制力信号的频域组成对芯辊振动的影响。研究表明:芯辊的工作转速远低于其1阶临界转速,轧制过程不会引起芯辊的共振;芯辊的前6阶固有频率处于声波范围内,易造成噪声污染;轧制力相同时,不同轧制时间对芯辊的位移与应力响应无影响;轧制力信号的频域组成不会引起芯辊的共振。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。