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采用俄歇能谱分析了A690M海洋环境用钢在600℃回火过程中磷元素的晶界偏聚行为,结合极化曲线和腐蚀锈层的微观分析探讨了P元素晶界偏聚对A690M钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响。研究表明:A690M钢中P元素的晶界偏聚符合空位-溶质原子复合扩散导致的非平衡偏聚机制;P的晶界偏聚含量越高,锈层内部越易形成层状磷疤坑,使板坯耐海水腐蚀性能降低。 相似文献
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热轧态中锰TRIP钢首先经650 ℃退火2 h,随后在550 ℃进行等温时效热处理,采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)研究该钢中P的偏聚和时效析出行为的变化情况。结果表明,中锰TRIP钢中P在晶界的偏聚是一种非平衡偏聚现象,临界时间约为50 h,与理论计算结果48 h较为吻合。在局部偏聚区域内,C与P存在共偏聚的关系,即P偏聚量高的地方,C含量也高。而合金元素Nb具有抑制P偏聚的效果,在20~70 h时效时间内,可以相对降低6.57%~19.5%的最大P偏聚量。根据电子背散射衍射(EBSD)菊池线分析,P偏聚量低于2.28at%时,P为固溶状态,高于2.28at.%时,P为析出状态。 相似文献
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含磷Cr-Mn-Si和Ni-Cr钢回火脆性的研究——磷在晶界偏聚及添加La的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用Auger电子能谱(AES)研究了含磷450ppm的35CrMnSi和35CrNi3钢回火脆性与杂质元素磷及合金元素Ni,Cr,Mn晶界偏聚的关系。含磷钢的回火脆性主要是由磷在原奥氏体晶界偏聚所致。经1200℃油淬、625℃回火1h水冷的所谓“韧态”,磷已在晶界大量偏聚,钢已明显脆化;经阶梯冷却脆化处理后,晶界磷浓度成倍增加。在阶梯冷却脆化期间,Ni-Cr钢中磷的晶界偏聚速率比Cr-Mn-Si钢大。试验钢的FATT与晶界含磷量成正比;Ni-Cr钢中晶界Ni与磷呈线性关系。试验钢中加入La能够减少相同状态下的晶界磷浓度,从而改善钢的回火脆性。 相似文献
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用Auger电子能谱(AES)研究了含磷450ppm的35CrMnSi和35CrNi3钢回火脆性与杂质元素磷及合金元素Ni,Cr,Mn晶界偏聚的关系。含磷钢的回火脆性主要是由磷在原奥氏体晶界偏聚所致。经1200℃油淬、625℃回火1h水冷的所谓“韧态”,磷已在晶界大量偏聚,钢已明显脆化;经阶梯冷却脆化处理后,晶界磷浓度成倍增加。在阶梯冷却脆化期间,Ni-Cr钢中磷的晶界偏聚速率比Cr-Mn-Si钢大。试验钢的FATT与晶界含磷量成正比;Ni-Cr钢中晶界Ni与磷呈线性关系。试验钢中加入La能够减少相同状态下的晶界磷浓度,从而改善钢的回火脆性。 相似文献
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本文使用Auger电子能谱研究了电渣重熔对一种Co基高温合金(Co-22Ni-22Cr-14W)在时效(760℃)过程中晶界附近化学成分的影响。结果表明,稀土La能固溶于合金,且主要偏聚于晶界附近。电渣重熔降低偏聚于晶界附近的La原子浓度,对P,S更明显。Cr原子在时效过程中不断向晶界附近偏聚,而钨原子则偏聚不严重。电渣重熔对Cr原子能减弱其偏聚程度,但对钨原子影响不明显。在时效开始阶段,电渣重熔阻碍碳原子向晶界附近偏聚,随着时间的延长,加速了碳原子的偏聚。 相似文献
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核反应堆压力容器(RPV)模拟钢样品经过660℃调质处理和370℃时效3000 h后,用原子探针层析法研究了晶界和相界面上原子偏聚的特征.结果表明,Ni,Mn,Si.C,P和Mo在晶界处均有不同程度的偏聚,偏聚倾向由强到弱依次为:C,P,Mo,Si,Mn和Ni.Cu在晶界处会出现贫化现象.Si在晶界上的偏聚程度与晶界的特性有关.在这几种元素中,C在晶界上偏聚的宽度最大,如以成分分布图中浓度峰的半高宽来比较,C的偏聚宽度是Mn,Ni和M0的1.5倍.在富Cu相与α-Fe的相界面处,Ni和Mn有明显的偏聚,而C,P.Mo和Si倾向偏聚在相界面的α-Fe一侧,且偏聚的程度比晶界处的低. 相似文献
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Deng-Kui Zhang Guo-Qing Wang Ai-Ping Wu Ji-Guo Shan Yue Zhao Tian-Yi Zhao Dan-Yang Meng Jian-Ling Song Zhong-Ping Zhang 《金属学报(英文版)》2019,32(6):684-694
In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone. 相似文献
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After nearly two years'tense construction the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry 《中国铸造》2008,5(1):63-64
After nearly two years' tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry (SRIF), located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation. 相似文献
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Z. Sun S.L. Zheng Y. Zhang 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(3):187-192
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process. 相似文献
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R. González-Martínez 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(4):235-240
The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke. 相似文献
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The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C). 相似文献
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The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel. 相似文献
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B.W. Zhang B.W. Li 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(2):129-138
On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes' collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process. 相似文献
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R.Z. Wu Z.K. Qu B.D. Sun D. Shu J. Wang 《金属学报(英文版)》2007,20(3):193-198
The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results. 相似文献
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This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before. 相似文献
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Chao Yang He-Fei Huang Massey de los Reyes Long Yan Xing-Tai Zhou Tian Xia De-Liang Zhang 《金属学报(英文版)》2015,28(7):809
Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties. 相似文献