SEBS对交联聚乙烯的电性能及水树抑制的影响

电缆绝缘材料的抗水树性能可以通过化学改性和物理改性来提高。为此将苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)及马来酸酐接枝的苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MA)分别与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)进行熔融共混,经过热压成型后制得了XLPE/SEBS和XLPE/SEBS-g-MA两种交联聚乙烯共混物,研究了SEBS以及SEBS-g-MA对交联聚乙烯(XLPE)的抗水树性能的影响,结果发现SEBS与SEBS-g-MA具有良好的抗水树效果,共混物XLPE/SEBS的水树长度随着SEBS质量分数的增加而减小,共混物XLPE/SEBS-g-MA在SEBS-g-MA的质量分数为4.76%时水树的长度最短。另外还表征了XLPE/SEBS和XLPE/SEBS-g-MA共混物的形态以及介电性能,结果显示XLPE/SEBS和XLPE/SEBS-g-MA共混物具有良好的绝缘性能。     

改性XLPE材料的水树枝抑制特性研究

为提高交联聚乙烯(XLPE)的抗水树枝性能,分别将片层状纳米蒙脱土(MMT)、球型纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)和极性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)与XLPE熔融共混,制备出3种改性XLPE材料,并对其进行加速水树枝老化试验。结果表明:纯XLPE试样的水树枝生长长度较长且分形复杂,而添加纳米颗粒和极性共聚物的改性试样,其水树枝生长长度减小且分形维数降低,表明改性试样具有较好的抑制水树枝的能力;水树枝老化后,纯XLPE试样和改性XLPE试样水树区的羰基指数均高于非水树区,说明水树枝老化是电化学降解的作用;改性试样水树枝老化后,水树区的结晶度低于非水树区,结晶能力变差。     

不同抗辐照剂量对SEBS/PS共混物性能的影响

研究了γ射线辐照对加有芘和受阻胺类化合物SEBS/PS共混物的力学性能以及电性能的影响。结果表明:芘和受阻胺类化合物的加入可以有效地改善SEBS/PS共混物的抗辐照性。随着抗辐照剂含量的增加,辐照后SEBS/PS共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及体积电阻率的下降幅度越来越小。在高辐照剂量(1.0~2.0 MGy)下,芘和受阻胺类化合物共用时表现出了"拮抗作用",即混合抗辐照剂对SEBS/PS共混物的耐辐照效果比单一使用芘和受阻胺类化合物时差。研究结果还显示介质损耗可有效的评估SEBS/PS的降解情况。     

XLPE/OMMT纳米复合电介质力学性能和水树枝特性研究

为了研究交联行为对纳米复合电介质力学性能和水树枝特性的影响,采用熔融共混的方法分别制备了聚乙烯/蒙脱土(PE/OMMT)和交联聚乙烯/蒙脱土(XLPE/OMMT)两种纳米复合材料,并对其拉伸性能、动态力学性能和水树枝老化特性进行测试.结果表明:有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)加入到XLPE中起到物理交联点和应力分散的作用,使纳米复合材料的拉伸强度增大、韧性增强.均匀分散的OMMT片层阻热和物理支撑的双重作用提高了纳米复合材料高温区的储能模量.纳米复合材料的水树枝引发时间较短,OMMT片层有利于缓冲水分子的伸缩变形对分子链的冲击,水树枝生长长度较小.而交联后形成的三维网状结构使纳米复合材料承受形变的能力增强,具有更优的抗水树枝性能.     

纳米颗粒接枝密度对纳米复合XLPE空间电荷特性的影响

为研究纳米颗粒接枝密度对交联聚乙烯(XLPE)纳米复合介质空间电荷特性的影响,分别将未接枝和经不同含量硅烷偶联剂(MDOS)接枝的胶体SiO2纳米颗粒通过熔融共混法添加到XLPE中。扫描电镜观测表明未接枝组别出现数微米尺寸的严重团聚,接枝后纳米颗粒分散性改善;红外光谱分析表明接枝后的纳米颗粒出现MDOS吸收峰,随接枝密度增大而增强;由热重分析结果计算得到了纳米颗粒的接枝密度;差示量热扫描测试结果表明随接枝密度的提高,纳米复合XLPE的熔点略呈上升趋势。-50 kV/mm电场下,XLPE和MDOS/XLPE试样均出现正极性空间电荷包现象,说明仅仅添加MDOS并无捕获或抑制空间电荷的效果。纳米复合后空间电荷受到抑制,随接枝密度的提高抑制效果更加明显。分析认为,MDOS接枝SiO2纳米颗粒,减小SiO2纳米颗粒与基体的表面能之差,促进纳米颗粒的分散,增大了纳米颗粒-聚合物的界面面积,产生的更多陷阱所捕获的电荷进一步降低电极-电介质界面附近的局部电场,但也减小了去极化过程残余电荷的消散速度。     

XLPE/OMMT纳米复合材料水树枝老化特性的研究

通过熔融共混法分别以EEA、EVA为相容剂制备了聚合物/蒙脱土(XLPE/OMMT)纳米复合材料。采用水针法对试样进行水树老化,并通过显微镜观察水树枝形态,研究OMMT用量、两种相容剂和有机插层剂种类对水树枝的影响。结果表明:与纯XLPE相比,添加OMMT的复合材料的水树枝生长长度明显减小,采用EVA作为相容剂可有效提高XLPE/OMMT复合材料的抗水树枝性能,有机插层剂对水树枝的生长长度影响较小。     

抗水树交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆的研究

分析了国内外交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘电力电缆的使用情况,以及容易产生水树的原因机理。从如何避免水树的产生和发展,以提高电缆运行寿命,提出了抗水树的机理和抗水树XLPE电缆的设计理念,并对其试验流程和试验结果进行了统计分析。     

交联聚乙烯抗水树电缆绝缘料配方研究

通过研究聚乙烯基料、交联剂、助交联剂、抗氧剂对电缆绝缘料性能的影响,确定了抗水树电缆绝缘料的最佳配方为：低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）100 phr,抗水树添加剂乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物（EAA）1.5 phr、山梨糖醇（DBS）0.6 phr,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）2.2 phr,助交联剂三聚氰酸三烯丙酯（TAC）1.6 phr,抗氧剂3002.8 phr。对该配方制得的抗水树XLPE电缆绝缘料进行综合性能测试及加速老化试验。结果表明：抗水树电缆绝缘料符合国标要求,所制得的电缆寿命明显延长,电缆寿命不低于40年。     

10kV抗水树交联聚乙烯电缆性能鉴定试验的结果

以研发的抗水树交联聚乙烯（XLPE）绝缘料,试制了两条10kV WTR-XLPE电力电绳,按我国电力行业标准,在武汉高压研究院进行了360天抗水树性能鉴定试验。详细介绍试验的过程与结果,试验结果表明,研发的WTR-XLPE绝缘料的抗水树能力达到了2004年国际水平,抗水树XLPE绝缘料的质量可满足生产、推广的要求。     

表面修饰纳米SiO_2/XLPE的电导电流和空间电荷特性

为研究纳米颗粒表面修饰对纳米二氧化硅/交联聚乙烯(SiO2/XLPE)电导电流和空间电荷特性的影响,分别将未经表面修饰和经钛酸酯偶联剂TC9修饰的纳米SiO2颗粒添加到XLPE基体中进行了实验。显微观测和成分分析表明,TC9的非极性有机官能团取代了纳米SiO2颗粒表面的羟基,降低了羟基间的相互成键作用,从而改善了纳米SiO2与XLPE基体之间的相容性,纳米SiO2颗粒在XLPE基体中的粒径范围从几十到100 nm;同时,TC9表面修饰提高了纳米SiO2/XLPE复合介质的介电常数和介质损耗,降低了电导电流,抑制了空间电荷的注入;而未经表面修饰的纳米SiO2/XLPE复合介质的电导电流和空间电荷特性相较于XLPE并未得到改善。分析认为,由于经TC9表面修饰的纳米SiO2分散性的改善,增大了纳米颗粒与XLPE基体之间的界面区域,因而在纳米复合介质内产生了更多的深陷阱;电极与介质界面附近的大量深陷阱捕获注入的电荷,形成固定的空间电荷层,降低了其与电极间的局部电场,从而提高了注入势垒,抑制了空间电荷的进一步注入。     

添加纳米MgO对交联聚乙烯中直流接地电树枝的影响

对交联聚乙烯(cross linked polyethylene, XLPE)材料与质量分数为05%的 MgO/XLPE纳米复合材料分别进行了直流接地电树枝实验与基于电声脉冲法的空间电荷测量。电树枝实验表明,正极性下MgO/XLPE纳米复合材料表现出更高的50%电树枝引发电压;空间电荷测量结果表明XLPE中有更多同极性电荷注入,说明纳米颗粒的添加阻碍了针尖处同极性电荷的注入与抽出,进而阻碍了电树枝引发。正极性下MgO/XLPE纳米复合材料表现出更小的平均电树枝长度与宽度,这是由于高场强区产生的载流子与纳米颗粒发生碰撞,导致电树枝生长较慢。此外,正极性下MgO/XLPE纳米复合材料中平均电树枝长宽比随电压升高下降更快,这是由于电树枝无法穿透纳米颗粒,只能从其表面绕过,导致了电树枝通道方向的改变与细小分枝的产生。     

Electrical properties of silane crosslinked polyethylene incomparison with DCP crosslinked polyethylene

The electrical properties such as water tree length, electrical conduction, ac breakdown strength and space charge of silane crosslinked polyethylene (SXLPE) were investigated, with a purpose to compare this material with ordinary dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). Experimental results show that SXLPE has a smaller water tree length, much lower conduction current density, a little bit higher ac breakdown strength than XLPE, and on SXLPE only a very small homocharge is seen. The better behaviour of SXLPE under electric stress is attributed to the absence of residual curing byproducts present in XLPE and the change of chemical structure by grafting and curing reactions     

XPLE电树枝生长过程中局部放电SHF信号特性研究

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆中电树枝的生长伴随局部放电(PD)的产生,二者间存在一定关联。XLPE材料绝缘强度较高,其中发生的PD在超高频(SHF,3～30 GHz)频段的信号幅值相对较高。文中采用基于针-板电极结构和XLPE绝缘材料的试样,在不同温度和电压下对电树枝生长过程中的形态和PD的SHF信号进行同步检测,分析了电压与温度条件对二者的影响,并研究了二者间的特征关系。研究表明XLPE中电树枝的长与宽和温度与电压呈正相关,电压较低时对分形维数较低,较高时分形维数无明显变化。SHF信号幅值也与温度和电压呈正相关关系,电压较高时,信号幅值呈现先增大再减小至平缓趋势,频率在电压较低时信号有一定程度下降。电树枝生长情况和SHF信号的幅值呈正相关关系,且当电树枝生长速度较快时,SHF信号的频率也会升高。     

实际XPLE电缆模型下升压速度对电树枝生长特性的影响

电树枝化是影响交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电力电缆运行安全与寿命的技术瓶颈。笔者采用金属针缺陷模拟电缆中集中的电场应力,研究了在工频交流电压下(50 Hz),不同实验起始升压速度(0.1 kV/s,1 kV/s)对XLPE电缆中电树枝生长特性的影响。结果表明,在高的升压速度下电树枝起始快,同时电树枝形态会由纯枝状变为稠密枝状,分形维变大。     

Effect of water on aging of XLPE cable insulation

Cables as elements of power distribution system have great influence on its reliable service and overall planning requirements. During last years, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cables have been more and more used in power systems. This paper presents the results of an investigation of changing of (XLPE) cables insulation breakdown stress (AC BDS) due to water absorption. The paper deals with AC BDS of the following kinds of XLPE cable insulations: steam and dry cured with water tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) and non-tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). During tests, the tap water was injected into, (1) conductor with cable ends closed; (2) into cable conductor with ends opened; and (3) into metallic screen with cable ends opened. The presence of water in XLPE cables was subjected to electrical stress and heating. AC BDS tests were performed as a function of aging time and water content in the cable insulation at different aging temperatures. Also, in this investigation, tests with the changing of AC BDS in the radial direction of unaged and aged XLPE cable insulations were carried out.     

The influence of the water on water absorption and density of XLPEcable insulation

This paper presents the results of a continuing investigation into effect of water on water absorption and density of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). The experimental set up was made for the following XLPE cable insulations: steam and dry cured with water tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) and without water tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (natural XLPE). During tests, the tap water was injected (1) into the cable conductor with cable ends closed, (2) into the cable conductor with cable ends opened, and (3) into the metallic screen with cable ends opened. The XLPE cable insulation together with the water present in the cable was subjected to electrical stress and heating. The results were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the influence of the water on water absorption and density of various kinds of XLPE cable insulation in different service conditions     

Accelerated life tests on a new water tree retardant insulation forpower cables

This paper describes the results of an investigation in which 15 kV rated cables insulated with a new water tree retardant cross-linked polyethylene (TR XLPE) were subjected to accelerated aging tests under a controlled voltage stress and thermal load cycle conditions. Cables insulated with conventional XLPE and a commercially available TR XLPE were used as reference test populations to affirm the test methodology. Under the chosen conditions, cable life of the new TR XLPE as calculated using Weibull and log normal statistical distributions, was more than twice that for the reference TR XLPE. Extensive diagnostic measurements (water content, dissipation factor, water tree analysis) were performed on failed cable samples to bring out the differences between the three insulations. Electron micrographic investigations revealed the size and distribution of micro voids in the new TR XLPE to be smaller supporting its extended life under these tests. The experimental details of the accelerated life tests are also documented in a clear manner facilitating any archival of the data for future analysis and comparison     

γ辐照交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆水树行为的研究

核电站的控制系统等需要大量的电线电缆,这些电缆的耐辐射性能至关重要。高能辐射对固态聚合物有多种作用,包括引发交联以及链裂解等。水树是影响交联聚乙烯电缆,特别是中低压电缆使用寿命的重要因素。本文研究了γ辐射对交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘水树行为的影响。结果显示,在0~3000 kGy辐照剂量之内,水树的长度与密度随着辐照剂量的增加而增加。     

A study of the actual failure situation of XLPE cable and the order of priority of degradation diagnosis

We analyzed statistical data on failures due to dielectric breakdowns caused by water tree degradation in 6‐kV XLPE cables using the Hazard Analysis. The data used in this report reflect actual conditions of XLPE cables. The data are classified by the conductor size of the cables. Calculated failure rates were different for cables having different conductor sizes. In this report, the failure rates were calculated based on the information regarding conductor size, cable length, and cable age. The results obtained make it possible to quantitatively establish the order of the priority of degradation diagnosis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 50–58, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10301