B2O3-Li2O掺杂低温烧结Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的介电性能

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺,通过B2O3-Li2O的有效掺杂,低温液相烧结制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)陶瓷,并对其介电性能进行了研究.X射线衍射分析和介电性能测试结果表明:适量B2O3-Li2O掺杂的BST陶瓷,经97S℃烧结4h,所得样品的主晶相为钙钛矿结构,未出现明显的杂相;随B2O3-Li2O掺杂量的增加,BST陶瓷材料的介电常数减小,Curie峰变得弥散宽化,介电损耗则与未掺杂BST陶瓷的保持一致,即在0.003以下:适量B2O3-Li2O的掺杂对BST陶瓷材料的Curie温度和介电调制性能影响不大.     

B_2O_3-CuO复相掺杂对Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3陶瓷低温烧结及性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)的陶瓷样品。通过差热分析(DTA)研究了纯Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3干凝胶煅烧过程中的反应过程;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的物相组成和微观结构;探讨了掺杂2%6B2O3-4CuO对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷致密度和烧结温度的影响。最后利用TH2818型自动元件分析仪系统地分析了掺杂不同配比、不同含量B2O3-CuO对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷材料介电性能的影响,得到了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂影响其性能的规律,即随着B2O3-CuO加入量的增加材料的介电常数和介电损耗开始增大随后减少。     

掺杂B2O3对ZnO-TiO2介质陶瓷的烧结及介电性能的影响

本实验用传统固相法合成了B如。掺杂的ZnO-TiO2系微波介质陶瓷,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析和微波介电性能测试等方法对其烧结行为、显微结构和介电性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明：试样掺杂4wt％B2O3,可使ZnO—TiO2陶瓷的烧结温度从1100℃降到900℃。试样在900℃下烧结2h、掺杂4wt％B2O3,在6-8GHz测试频率下试样的介电性能为：εr≈26、Qf≈19500、τf≈35ppm／℃。     

Ba2Ti9O20高频介质陶瓷结构和介电性能

主要研究了Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的结构和介电性能.通过在BaCO3、TiO2中添加适量的ZnO、Nb2O5,在12 60℃烧成了介电性能优良的Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷.XRD研究表明,其主晶相为Ba2Ti9O20,附加晶相为Ba2Ti9O9、Ba3Ti12Zn7O34、Ti2Nb 10O29.     

CuO-B2O3掺杂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54陶瓷烧结性能及微波介电性能的影响

研究了CuO-B2O3助剂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响,结果表明:通过共添加CuO-B2O3助剂(CB),陶瓷的烧结温度可以从1350℃降低到1050℃左右,当CB添加量达到10％时,产生第二相Ba2Cu(BO3)2,研究了CB的添加,对介电性能的影响,当CB的添加量为1wt％时,有以下微波介电性能ε=62.7,Q·f=4 270 GHz,τf=-11.1 ppm/℃.     

Ca0.7Ti0.7La0.3Al0.3O3微波介质陶瓷微观组织结构与介电性能

采用固相反应法制备斜方晶系钙钛矿结构Ca07Ti07La0.3Al0.3O3微波介质陶瓷,研究了Al3+、Ca2、Ba2+和La3+离子掺杂对CTLA陶瓷微观组织结构和介电性能的影响.研究结果表明不同掺杂离子对于CTLA陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能有很大的影响,不同离子掺杂CTLA陶瓷的晶粒尺寸、气孔率、晶界析出相有很大的不同.Al3+、Ca2+、Ba2+和La3+离子掺杂可以有效降低CTLA陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数,但Ca2+、Ba2+离子掺杂同时也降低了CTLA陶瓷的致密度和Q×f值,Al3+、La3+离子掺杂不仅有效提高了CTLA陶瓷的致密度和Q×f值,并且有效降低了谐振频率温度系数.适量掺杂La3离子可以有效促进CTLA陶瓷的致密化,提高了CTLA陶瓷的微波介电性能.掺杂0.15mol％ La3+的CTLA陶瓷在4.7 GHz下测试介电性能为:εr=48.39,Q×f=32560 GHz,τf=23.68 ppm/C.     

掺杂V2O5对MgNb2O6介电陶瓷工艺和性能的影响

本文采用固相反应法常压烧结制备MgNb2O6粉末,研究了添加不同质量分数的V2O5对MgNb2O6微波介电陶瓷的烧结工艺和介电性能的影响。并运用XRD、SEM和LCR对试样显微组织和性能进行了分析。结果表明:添加一定量的V2O5能够有效地降低MgNb2O6介电陶瓷的烧结温度,提高试样的致密度、频率温度系数及介电常数。当V2O5添加量为1.0wt%,且在1175℃烧结条件下获得的MgNb2O6陶瓷性能最佳,其性能参数分别为:εr=28,tanδ=0.00361,τf=54.64ppm·℃-1。     

低温烧结CuO-V_2O_5-Bi_2O_3掺杂Zn_3Nb_2O_8陶瓷的微波介电性能

研究了CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3作为烧结助剂对Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结特性、微观结构、相结构及微波介电性能的影响。CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3复合掺杂可以将Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结温度从1150℃降到900℃。在900℃烧结4h的Zn3Nb2O8–0.25%(质量分数,下同)CuO–1.5%V2O5–1.5%Bi2O3陶瓷的密度达到了理论密度的98.1%,相对介电常数为18.8,品质因数与谐振频率之积为39442GHz。该体系的介电性能和陶瓷的致密度与烧结助剂的含量及烧结温度密切相关,陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数随CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3烧结助剂含量的增加而增加,同样陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数也随烧结温度的升高而提高。     

Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)高频介质陶瓷结构和介电性能

主要研究了Ba2 Ti9O2 0 陶瓷的结构和介电性能。通过在BaCO3、TiO2 中添加适量的ZnO、Nb2 O5,在 12 6 0℃烧成了介电性能优良的Ba2 Ti9O2 0 陶瓷。XRD研究表明 ,其主晶相为Ba2 Ti9O2 0 ,附加晶相为Ba2 Ti9O9、Ba3Ti12 Zn7O34 、Ti2 Nb10 O2 9     

Mg2+和Sr2+掺杂对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷微观结构与介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法分别制备了Mg2+及Sr2+掺杂的Ca1-xMgxCu3Ti4O12和Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12(x=0、0.1、0.2)陶瓷,利用XRD和SEM分别对陶瓷的物相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并对其介电性能进行了测试.结果表明,Mg2+的掺杂易引起CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)化学计量比的偏失,同时陶瓷的致密化程度受到影响,介电常数也显著降低.而Sr2+的掺杂不仅对CCTO陶瓷物相结构影响不大,而且可以促进陶瓷晶粒的长大,并有效降低了CCTO陶瓷的烧结温度.当Sr2+掺杂量为0.2、测试频率在1 k-2.5kHz时,介电常数为104左右,介电损耗在0.05-0.1之间,介电综合性能比纯CCTO陶瓷有所提高.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Phase equilibrium studies in V2O5-Fe2O3 and V2O5-TiO2 systems

V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-TiO₂ systems represent two important chemical systems with various applications, including energy, catalysts, and high-performance materials. In the present study, high-temperature phase equilibrium experiments were conducted at the temperature range of 670–1000°C in air. Electron probe X-ray micro-analyzer (EPMA) was used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the phases presented in quenched samples. Systematic experiments demonstrated that V₂O₅-containing systems should not be quenched by water-based quenching media. Phase diagrams in both systems were constructed, and the eutectic and peritectic points of the systems were confirmed and compared with previous studies. The present study improved the previous results and could be used as the base for thermodynamic modelings and further applications of the two systems.     

Thermo-physical and mechanical properties of Yb2O3 and Sc2O3 co-doped Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics

Ceramic materials for the thermal barrier coating (TBC) application of Gd₂Zr₂O₇ (GZO), (Gd_0.94Yb_0.06)₂Zr₂O₇ (GYb_0.06Z), (Gd_0.925Sc_0.075)₂Zr₂O₇ (GSc_0.075Z), (Gd_0.865Sc_0.075Yb_0.06)₂Zr₂O₇ (GSc_0.075Yb_0.06Z), and (Gd_0.8Sc_0.1Yb_0.1)₂Zr₂O₇ (GSc_0.1Yb_0.1Z) were successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. The effects of the doping of Sc₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃ on the phases, thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results show that both Yb₂O₃ and Sc₂O₃ doping promoted the phase transition of GZO from pyrochlore to fluorite. All the Sc₂O₃-doped samples exhibited enhanced fracture toughness, as compared to the undoped sample. Furthermore, the GSc_0.075Yb_0.06Z sample revealed a thermal conductivity of ~0.8 W/mK at 1200 °C, which was nearly 30% lower than that of the undoped sample. The associated mechanisms related to the effects of the doping on the thermophysical and mechanical properties are discussed.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

氢氧直接合成法制过氧化氢技术进展

氢气和氧气直接合成过氧化氢是典型的原子经济性反应，因过程简单、产品清洁、生产成本低而成为催化领域研究开发的一个热点。总结了该法近年来在催化剂活性组分的选取及载体方面的进展；详细介绍了溶剂的选取和反应机理；讨论了各种反应器的安全性。指出今后的研究重点是提高氢气利用率、开发新型的反应器、提高过程的安全性。     

Barium aluminate hydrates—VI. 2BaO.Al2O3.5H2O and 2BaO.Al2O3.H2O

The compound 2BaO.Al₂O₃.5H₂O has been synthesised and studied by infra-red, X-ray and thermal analytical techniques. The compound of approximate formula 2BaO.Al₂O₃.H₂O forms as a dehydration product. The results are interpreted in terms of the known structure.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.