焦油管式炉的改进及炉管内结焦物的清理

济钢焦化厂在焦油精制过程中，为增加焦油管式炉的焦油处理能力，选用热强钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢管代替厚１ＣｒＭｏ炉管以提高其抗蚀性和抗冲剧能力；采用管式炉内加热，在炉管内间断通入空气和蒸气的方法清理炉管内结的；并采取有效措施，在不加大管式炉设计能力的条件下，提高管式炉提供的有效热负荷，满足了生产实际的需要。     

Deform在锻造中的应用

介绍了Deform软件在锻件锻造成形过程的选型和应用，并通过实例分析介绍了该软件在网格划分、应力和应变分析、点的跟踪等方面的应用，并提出了其存在的问题。     

Do atypical antipsychotic medications favorably alter the long-term course of schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is characterized by the greatest degree of clinical deterioration in the first decade following onset of psychosis; in fact, deterioration begins even prior to the onset of frank psychotic symptomatology. While somewhat controversial, it appears that effective early antipsychotic treatment might limit the extent of such deterioration. The newer, atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine appear to have antipsychotic efficacy at least equal to the traditional neuroleptics, but with a much more favorable side effect profile. Clozapine is also effective in treating neuroleptic-refractory schizophrenic patients. Data suggest that in comparison to conventional agents, treatment with atypical antipsychotics may be associated with a more benign course of schizophrenic illness. Whether these atypical antipsychotics are associated with greater efficacy in limiting clinical deterioration in schizophrenic illness than traditional neuroleptics is, however, unclear. The following questions will be addressed in this paper: (i) Do atypical antipsychotics differ from traditional neuroleptics in modifying the natural course of symptomatology in schizophrenic illness? (ii) Do atypical antipsychotics differ from typical neuroleptics in modifying the natural course of neurobiological and cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenic illness? (iii) Do atypical antipsychotics differ from typical neuroleptics in modifying the natural course of psychosocial dysfunction in schizophrenic illness? (iv) Are there differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics with regard to their effects on the cost of care and resource utilization? The implications of the answers to these questions for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia will be discussed.     

紧凑式轧机变形规程优化设计

本文从紧凑式轧机的轧制变形特点出发,分析了其变形规程设计的主要特点和方法,讨论了限制其道次变形量的基本因素,给出了优化设计的目标函数和约束条件。指出,类似这种具有复杂约束的轧制变形问题采用混合罚函数法处理更为有效,并成功地采用该方法进行了变形规程的试设定。     

Effects of antipsychotics on the clinical and psychosocial behavior of patients with schizophrenia

With the arrival of atypical antipsychotic drugs, questions have arisen as to their efficacy, compared with classical antipsychotics, and their impact on the clinical and psychosocial behavior of schizophrenic patients. This paper reviews the development of antipsychotic drugs from the prototype chlorpromazine in the 1950s to the atypical antipsychotics--clozapine, risperidone, olanzapinein--in the 1990s. Particular attention is given to the medications' effect on positive and negative symptoms and on patients' quality of life. Experience to date with the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that they are as effective as traditional treatments, with a possibly greater action in treating negative symptoms and with a lower extrapyramidal side effects profile. For comprehensive treatment of schizophrenia, the author advocates a polydimensional approach encompassing psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, psychosocial interventions (particularly with family members), and vocational training.     

What is the scientific meaning of empirically supported therapy?

It is important to define precisely what is and is not meant by "empirically supported treatments," rigorously based on what is actually known about the nature of experimental therapy research. The criteria for empirically supported treatments merely allow conclusions about whether treatments cause any change beyond the causative effect of such factors as placebo or the passage of time. Applied implications are limited, due to external validity and to the fact that applied decisions are influenced by cost–benefit analyses. Creating increasingly effective therapies through between-group designs is best done by controlled trials specifically aimed at basic questions about the nature of psychological problems and the nature of therapeutic change mechanisms. Naturalistic research is important for external validity but is valuable only if it uses scientifically valid methods to address basic knowledge questions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preventing and managing pelvic inflammatory disease: key questions, practices, and evidence

Clinicians play a pivotal role in protecting women from pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), one of the most prevalent and serious diseases affecting women of reproductive age. This article examines PID prevention and management by critically addressing five questions: (1) What are the key risk factors for PID? (2) What are the principal microorganisms involved in PID? (3) What are the appropriate diagnostic criteria for PID? (4) What are the best treatment regimens for PID? and (5) What are the effective strategies for preventing PID? In addressing each of these questions, the quality of available evidence and recommended practice is discussed and gaps in the evidence are highlighted.     

Impact of two types of counselor intervention on Black American, Puerto Rican, and Anglo-American analogue clients.

Tested the hypothesis that types of counseling intervention may be differentially effective depending on the client's cultural background using 28 Black American (BAM), 27 Puerto Rican, and 28 Anglo American (AA) female community college students. Ss received either affective responses or closed questions from a 23-yr-old female BAM clinical psychology graduate student in an analog counseling situation that permitted S-generated responses. Content analyses and ratings of the counselor revealed that affective responses were superior to closed questions on all dependent measures for AA Ss. For BAM Ss, all content variables and 2 of 3 ratings of the counselor suggested superiority of affective responses. It is concluded that affective responses are superior to closed questions in initial counseling interviews with community college students, but inconsistencies in results suggest that further research is necessary. (67 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The benefits of embedded question adjuncts for low and high structure builders.

The effectiveness of two types of adjunct questions, standard embedded questions and "why" questions (elaborative interrogation), was investigated for readers differing in structure-building ability (Gernsbacher, 1990). Participants read a textbook chapter either with or without the adjunct questions. Learning was assessed with typical classroom testing methods (multiple choice, short answer). Also, relatedness ratings were used to assess the coherence of learners' representations. High structure builders generally outperformed low structure builders. However, embedded questions but not elaborative interrogation improved the low structure builders' test performances on information targeted by and related to the adjunct questions. Neither study method improved test performance for the high comprehenders. Embedded questions also stimulated more coherent representations. Results indicate that embedded questions are an effective study method for low comprehenders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation issues in the Drake Chemical Workers Notification and Health Registry Study

The Drake Chemical Workers' Health Registry combined notification of workers about bladder cancer risk with access to a free program for screening and diagnosis. Evaluation of the project has given rise to several findings and new research questions. Findings in this article illustrate the following evaluation issues: 1) studying the combination of strategies that are most effective and cost effective to notify workers of their disease risks, 2) determining the realistic yield from strategies to gain participation in health screening and other protective services for notified workers, 3) identifying the notification strategies that were most effective for different kinds of participants, 4) using process evaluation to identify key activities for ensuring continued participation of cohort members in screening, and 5) examining the extent to which participants are willing to quit smoking to protect their health.     

Surgical removal of subretinal neovascular membranes

Although families can provide important support for individuals with life-threatening illnesses or injuries, the highly technological nature of critical care often limits opportunities for family involvement. While critical care nurses are seldom family specialists, they frequently provide support and assistance to patients' families. This paper describes four types of questions drawn from the family therapy literature that can be used by nurses who are not mental health specialists to support families and mobilize their problem solving skills. A case model of a head-injured child demonstrates the use of these questions with a family. These questions should be useful for the brief, problem-focused, family encounters which characterize critical care settings.     

Influence of the number of questions on the student''s achievement in tests of anatomy

The authors compare student's achievement in tests with low and moderately high number of questions requiring short answers. Five groups of Medical School students underwent their regular Anatomy evaluation tests, which consisted of 13 questions (one group), 15 (two groups) and 25 (two groups). In each group five questions were chosen at random, average scores being calculated from their marks. These scores were statistically compared to the ones calculated from the marks given to the full-length evaluation tests; it became quite evidente that averages go up when the number of questions is increased. Putting the averages in terms of A, B, C and D scores (very good, good, regular and insufficient), it was noted that failure to reach at least the C score is inversely proportional to the number of questions. The results are discussed in terms of determining the most proper number of questions to be given in a test.     

The correct formulation of clinical questions for the practice of evidence based medicine

Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the best evidence available to make decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. The good practice of EBM begins with a well formulated clinical question, meaning that it should be clear, directly relevant to the problem at hand and answerable by searching in medical literature. This paper begins by presenting the central tasks of clinical work from which clinical questions arise. The components of well formulated clinical questions are then presented. Finally, some of the steps for the correct formulation of questions are discussed.     

矿体等高线图应用问题初探（续）

矿体等高级图是应用广泛的图件，同时似是而非的问题也随这出现。作者剖析了以往人们易持的偏见，论述了独特的新见解，为正确应用提供了科学方法。     

稀土元素在磁性吸波材料中的应用研究进展

吸波材料本质上是一种能量转换材料。铁氧体是目前应用最广泛的一类吸波材料,具有典型的电磁波磁损耗机理。将一定量的稀土元素掺杂到铁(锰)氧体中后,显著地改善了铁(锰)氧体的吸波性能。本文主要从铁氧体材料吸波机理的角度,对几种主要掺杂的稀土元素在吸波材料中的应用进行总结,并提出一些值得进一步讨论和研究的问题。     

Commentaries on the ethical and effective practice of clinical supervision.

Every psychologist participates in clinical supervision during various aspects of his or her training. Many psychologists also provide supervision to less experienced colleagues and to those in training. But what makes for an effective and competent supervisor? Psychologists need to know because substandard or ineffective clinical supervision may have far-reaching consequences for the developing professional and for those he or she treats. This contribution provides key information on clinical supervision and related competence issues. A number of questions are raised that must be addressed by individual psychologists and the profession alike. Then, 3 invited expert commentaries are offered to address these issues, further this important discussion, and attempt to answer the challenging questions raised. Attention to the issues raised and recommendations made will hopefully lead to enhanced clinical competence and effectiveness by clinical supervisors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

矿体等高线图应用问题初探

矿体等高线图是应用广泛的图件，同时似是而非的问题也随之出现。作者剖析了以往人们易持的偏见，论述了独特的新见解，为正确应用提供了科学方法。     

薄规格花纹板试轧与工艺改进

通过对轧制薄规格（厚度≤2.3 mm）花纹板的研究,得到如下结论：优化温度制度、降低精轧末架负荷、调整末架上下辊的辊压、优化精轧工作辊辊型及层流冷却工艺是解决轧制不稳定、带钢出精轧末架轧机后易跑偏、严重边浪与中浪等问题的有效途径,解决了因花纹的纹高要求不能在平整机上平整,需经多次矫直、增加生产成本的问题。平整线拉矫比例从78%下降到5%以下,再未发生同卷钢需2次甚至3次的拉矫,板形质量达到同规格的平板水平。