回热式布雷顿-两平行逆布雷顿联合循环第一定律分析与优化

提出了回热式布雷顿-两平行逆布雷顿联合循环模型。对该模型进行了第一定律性能分析与优化,得出了该循环最优效率和最优比功的表达式,分析了回热度及其他参数对联合循环最优热效率和最优比功的影响。分析表明,增加回热器后能提高联合循环的热效率,但此时联合循环的输出比功较小。     

Brayton refrigeration cycle for gas turbine inlet air cooling

In this paper, a new approach to enhance the performance of gas turbines operating in hot climates is investigated. Cooling the intake air at the compressor bell mouth is achieved by an air Brayton refrigerator (reverse Joule Brayton cycle) driven by the gas turbine and uses air as the working fluid. Fraction of the air is extracted from the compressor at an intermediate pressure, cooled and then expands to obtain a cold air stream, which mixes with the ambient intake. Mass and energy balance analysis of the gas turbine and the coupled Brayton refrigerator are performed. Relationships are derived for a simple open gas turbine coupled to Brayton refrigeration cycle, the heat rejected from the cooling cycle can be utilized by an industrial process such as a desalination plant. The performance improvement in terms of power gain ratio (PGR) and thermal efficiency change (TEC) factor is calculated. The results show that for fixed pressure ratio and ambient conditions, power and efficiency improvements are functions of the extraction pressure ratio and the fraction of mass extracted from the air compressor. The performance improvement is calculated for ambient temperature of 45°C and 43.4% relative humidity. The results indicated that the intake temperature could be lowered below the ISO standard with power increase up to 19.58% and appreciable decrease in the thermal efficiency (5.76% of the site value). Additionally, the present approach improved both power gain and thermal efficiency factors if air is extracted at 2 bar which is unlike all other mechanical chilling methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organic Brayton Cycles with solid sorption thermal compression for low grade heat utilization

While organic Rankine cycles have been widely used for power generation using low grade thermal energy, Brayton cycles have not been considered feasible because the work required to compress the gas nearly compensates the turbine work output. However, if the low grade energy can be used for thermal compression of the working fluid, it may be possible to gainfully operate the Brayton cycle. With this in mind, a solid sorption based Brayton cycle is proposed in this paper. R134a, CO₂, R507a, propane, R32 and R410a with activated carbon as sorbent, were considered in this proof-of-concept study due to the ready availability of adsorption data. Even though the thermal efficiency is low (<8%), the proposed scheme could add an option for distributed power generation using solar or waste heat. It is found that if irreversibilities in turbine and thermal compression are considered R32 gives a better performance than CO₂ and R410a.     

Performance analysis of a closed regenerated Brayton heat pump with internal irreversibilities

This paper analyses the performance of a real heat pump plant via methods of entropy generation minimization or finite‐time thermodynamics. The analytical relations between heating load and pressure ratio, and between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio of real closed regenerated Brayton heat pump cycles coupled to constant‐ and variable‐temperature heat reservoirs are derived. In the analysis, the irreversibilities include heat transfer‐irreversible losses in the hot‐ and cold‐side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the non‐isentropic expansion and compression losses in the compressor and expander, and the pressure drop loss in the pipe and system. The optimal performance characteristics of the cycle may be obtained by optimizing the distribution of heat conductances or heat transfer surface areas among the two heat exchangers and the regenerator, and the matching between working fluid and the heat reservoirs. The influence of the effectiveness of regenerator, the effectiveness of hot‐ and cold‐side heat exchangers, the efficiencies of the expander and compressor, the pressure recovery coefficient and the temperature of the heat reservoirs on the heating load and COP of the cycle are illustrated by numerical examples. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变温热源条件下内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环的功率优化

计入工质与高低浊侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热阻损失以功率为优化目标，借助数值计算，研究了变温热源条件下内可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环输出功率最大时，高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热导率分配以及中间压比与总压比的关系；分析了工质与热源间的热容率匹配对双重最大功率的影响。     

恒温热源条件下不可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环的功率优化

考虑高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热阻损失，以及压气机和涡轮中的不可逆损失，以功率为优化目标，借助数值计算，研究了恒温热源条件下不可逆闭式中冷回热布雷顿循环输出功率最大时高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热导率分配以及中间压力与总压比的关系。     

布雷顿与斯特林联合循环性能分析

本文构建了一个由布雷顿循环与斯特林循环组成的新型联合循环,用有限时间热力学的方法分析具有热阻、热漏的布雷顿与斯特林联合循环性能。导出了在牛顿传热律下联合循环无因次功率、效率的解析式,并通过数值算例得到它们之间的关系。分析并研究了各种参数对联合循环的性能影响。     

Finite time thermodynamic analysis of an irreversible regenerative closed cycle brayton heat engine

This communication presents the parametric study of an irreversible regenerative Brayton cycle with nonisentropic compression and expansion processes for finite heat capacitance rates of external reservoirs. The power output of the cycle is maximized with respect to the working fluid temperatures and the expressions for maximum power output and the corresponding thermal efficiency are obtained. The effect of the effectiveness of the various heat exchangers and the efficiencies of the turbine and compressor, the reservoir temperature ratio and the heat capacitance rate of heating and cooling fluids and the cycle working fluid on the power output and the corresponding thermal efficiency has been studied. It is seen the effect of cold side effectiveness is more pronounced for the power output while the effect of regenerative effectiveness is more pronounced for the thermal efficiency. It is found that the effect of turbine efficiency is more than the compressor efficiency on the performance of these cycles. It is also found that the effect of sink-side heat capacitance rate is more pronounced than the heat capacitance rate on the source side and the heat capacitance rate of the working fluid.     

Power and efficiency optimization for combined Brayton and inverse Brayton cycles

A thermodynamic model for open combined Brayton and inverse Brayton cycles is established considering the pressure drops of the working fluid along the flow processes and the size constraints of the real power plant using finite time thermodynamics in this paper. There are 11 flow resistances encountered by the gas stream for the combined Brayton and inverse Brayton cycles. Four of these, the friction through the blades and vanes of the compressors and the turbines, are related to the isentropic efficiencies. The remaining flow resistances are always present because of the changes in flow cross-section at the compressor inlet of the top cycle, combustion inlet and outlet, turbine outlet of the top cycle, turbine outlet of the bottom cycle, heat exchanger inlet, and compressor inlet of the bottom cycle. These resistances control the air flow rate and the net power output. The relative pressure drops associated with the flow through various cross-sectional areas are derived as functions of the compressor inlet relative pressure drop of the top cycle. The analytical formulae about the relations between power output, thermal conversion efficiency, and the compressor pressure ratio of the top cycle are derived with the 11 pressure drop losses in the intake, compression, combustion, expansion, and flow process in the piping, the heat transfer loss to the ambient, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressors and the turbines, and the irreversible combustion loss in the combustion chamber. The performance of the model cycle is optimized by adjusting the compressor inlet pressure of the bottom cycle, the air mass flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. It is shown that the power output has a maximum with respect to the compressor inlet pressure of the bottom cycle, the air mass flow rate or any of the overall pressure drops, and the maximized power output has an additional maximum with respect to the compressor pressure ratio of the top cycle. When the optimization is performed with the constraints of a fixed fuel flow rate and the power plant size, the power output and efficiency can be maximized again by properly allocating the fixed overall flow area among the compressor inlet of the top cycle and the turbine outlet of the bottom cycle.     

闭式氦气轮机循环建模及循环特性优化分析

氦气闭式布雷顿循环可用作高温气冷堆热电转换装置,能够有效降低传统核电机组复杂程度,提升热电转换效率。为详细研究氦气闭式布雷顿循环特性,指导工程样机设计,基于Refprop提供的真实气体模型建立了简单、间冷、回热以及间冷-回热四种闭式布雷顿循环数学模型;然后通过对比分析方法,揭示了关键参数变化对循环特性的影响,重点阐述了间冷、回热对循环性能的作用机制。结果表明：1)回热器能够有效回收涡轮出口氦气热量,大幅提升循环热效率,并且能够降低系统达到最佳循环效率所需压比;2)间冷器虽然能够降低压缩系统功耗,但受间冷器流道内压损影响,需综合考虑系统复杂度、研制成本及循环性能等因素确定系统是否需要间冷器。     

Maximum power of an endoreversible intercooled Brayton cycle

This paper describes an application of finite‐time thermodynamics to optimize the power output of endoreversible intercooled Brayton cycles coupled to two heat reservoirs with infinite thermal capacitance rates. The effects of intercooling on the maximum power and maximum‐power efficiency of an endoreversible Brayton cycle are examined. With appropriate temperature ratios of turbines and compressors being used, the maximum power output of an endoreversible intercooled Brayton cycle can be higher than that of an endoreversible simple Brayton cycle without lowering the thermal efficiency. New diagrams for maximum power, maximum‐power thermal efficiency, and optimum temperature ratios of turbines and compressors are reported. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

闭式内可逆中冷回热布雷顿循环的功率优化

考虑高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热阻损失,以功率为优化目标,对恒温热源条件下内可逆闭式布雷顿循环的高低温侧换热器、回热器和中冷器的热导率以及中间压比的分配进行了优化。借助数值计算,分析了一些主要循环特征参数对最大功率及相应热导率和中间压比分配、双重最大功率的影响。     

再热Brayton循环效率特性分析

在燃气轮机循环中工质温度变化范围大,其比热是变化的。利用数值分析方法研究了工质变比热情况下再热Brayton循环的效率特性,发现存在最佳循环总效率和对应的最优压比,讨论了循环温比、压气机和透平效率对循环最优压比和循环总效率最佳值的影响,比较了压气机效率和透平效率的影响程度,并指出了已有文献的错误。所得的分析结果对燃气轮机的优化设计和运行参数选择具有一定的指导作用。     

Thermodynamic investigation of solar energy-based triple combined power cycle

The present work deals with the thermodynamic analysis of a solar-powered triple combined power cycle to generate emission-free power. The triple combined cycle comprises one topping cycle as Brayton cycle and two bottoming cycles, namely, steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The Brayton cycle employs double-stage compression with intercooling. During intercooling, heat energy rejected by the compressed air was further utilized in the ORC. The energy carried away after the turbine exit was used in the SRC. The proposed cycle performance is investigated for three working fluids to use with the bottoming ORC. Results showed that the maximum overall thermal efficiency and work output of solar energy-based triple combined cycle are found 21.89% and 218.98 kJ/kg air, respectively, for organic fluid R245fa at the topping cycle pressure ratio of 31.     

回热式闭式空间核能布雷顿循环系统性能分析及优化

随着深空探测的不断发展,作为最具发展潜力的能源之一,空间核动力在国内外得到大量关注和研究.空间核动力系统中热电转换技术至关重要,在大功率阶段下,布雷顿循环动态热电转换系统因其功率较大,效率较高等优点得到广泛应用和发展,对其进行特性分析和参数优化具有重要意义.对运用闭式布雷顿循环的次临界安全空间(S4)反应堆系统建立回热...     

蒸-燃联合循环与燃-燃联合循环的模拟和对比

蒸汽-燃气联合循环装置由于其较高的发电效率而被广泛应用于各大、中型电厂。然而,在微小型燃气-蒸汽发电装置中,蒸汽轮机的应用无疑使得装置体积和成本费用大增。因此,本文提出在小型分布式发电装置中,采用环境压力吸热燃气轮机循环（APGC）装置来替代蒸汽轮机装置吸收燃气轮机排出的废气能量,组成燃-燃联合循环,增加系统本身的做功能力和效率,达到节能、减少燃料消耗的目的。本文从热力学第一定律和第二定律出发,基于ASPENPLUS软件分别建立了燃-燃联合循环、蒸-燃联合循环模型,比较分析了两种循环装置在能量质量和数量上的利用程度。结果表明：燃-燃联合循环装置的效率较高,这在要求能源高效利用的今天具有一定的理论意义。     

A Parametric Study of an Irreversible Closed Intercooled Regenerative Brayton Cycle

Entropy generation minimization technique is used in the analysis of an irreversible closed intercooled regenerative Brayton cycle coupled to variable-temperature heat reservoirs. Mathematical models are developed for dimensionless power and efficiency for a multi-stage Brayton cycle. The dimensionless power and efficiency equations are used to analyze the effects of total pressure ratio, intercooling pressure ratio, thermal capacity rates of the working fluid and heat reservoirs, and the component (regenerator, intercooler, hot- and cold-side heat exchangers) effectiveness. Using detailed numerical examples, the optimal power and efficiency corresponding to variable component effectiveness, compressor and turbine efficiencies, intercooling pressure ratio, total pressure ratio, pressure recovery coefficients, heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio, and the cooling fluid in the intercooler and the cold-side heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio are analyzed.     

空间核能布雷顿循环系统热力学参数分析及优化*

在深空探索快速发展的背景下,空间核能布雷顿循环系统因其能量密度高、环境适应性强、效率高等优势成为深空探测的理想方案之一。与地面发电站不同的是,空间能量转换系统要兼顾系统效率和轻量化的要求,而系统关键参数对系统的效率和质量等性能有着重要的影响。因此,开展热力学参数分析和优化对空间核能布雷顿循环系统的设计具有重要意义。通过建立空间核能布雷顿循环的数学模型和系统部件的质量计算模型,以“质量比功率”为性能优化目标,研究压气机进口温度、压气机压比和涡轮进口温度等参数对系统性能的影响,并采用正交实验法进行优化分析。结果表明,压气机进口温度和压气机压比存在最优值使质量比功率取得最小值,涡轮进口温度升高有利于提高系统的发电效率和降低系统质量。涡轮进口温度的最优值为1 500 K,压气机进口温度的最优值范围为416 ~ 508 K,压气机压比的最优值范围为2.4 ~ 3.1。     

基于回热器温度滑移匹配的以CO2为工质的布雷顿循环优化分析

以CO_2为工质的高温闭式布雷顿循环具有高效、简单和紧凑的特点。其高效率的实现有赖于回热器内良好的温度滑移匹配以充分回收乏气的热量。提高回热器温度滑移匹配性的关键是使流经回热器的高低压力流体的热容相接近。本文从超临界CO_2的热物性特点出发,分析了部分冷却的再压缩超临界CO_2布雷顿循环对温度滑移匹配的优化效果。根据对物性的分析结果,提出了流量调节应该覆盖高低压流体物性变化剧烈的所有温区,通过模拟计算对其进行了优化分析,认为对于一定的高低温热源,存在最优的透平进、出口压力。