阳离子染料在腈纶纤维上的染色性能试验

(一)前言腈纶纤维是合成纤维的主要品种之一,具有羊毛的特性,比重较羊毛小,强度较羊毛高,保暖性较羊毛好,弹性与羊毛相似而湿强超出羊毛。且由于具有热可塑性,可以制成蓬松的膨体有似开司米羊毛针织绒的外观,色泽鲜艳,产品耐用,因此腈纶纤维可以制成纯纺和混纺的呢绒、绒线、针织绒、毛毯等品种,尤以绒线和针织绒最受消费者的欢迎,畅销于国内外市场。     

羊毛针织产品洗涤与烘干相关标准研究

介绍了羊毛针织产品在洗涤和干燥过程的特殊性,分析了羊毛洗涤和烘干过程中涉及的羊毛针织产品、洗衣机程序、滚筒干衣机程序、洗涤剂的相关标准,发现了国内标准中在羊毛产品分类、羊毛洗涤和烘干程序认证、丝毛洗涤剂规定方面有待改进和补充,研究结果为改善羊毛针织产品的洗涤与烘干相关标准提出了建议。     

WOOLMARK羊毛标志产品标准

<正>(以英文原版为准,翻译版仅供参考)针织服饰类产品标准AK-1:2016羊毛标志和高比例羊毛混纺标志可以使用于下列针织服饰类产品:羊毛套衫、羊毛开衫、背心,上衣、大衣,裤装,半截裙,连衣裙,晨衣,男衬衫、女衬衫,内衣,晚装(不包括晨衣),短袜、长袜、连裤袜,紧身裤,     

针织专用涤纶短纤维的开发

介绍了针织用短纤维的特殊要求,有针对性地开发了ZW115型和DN445型针织专用涤纶短纤维。ZW115型涤纶短纤维疵点少,强度CV、伸长CV值低,特别适合加工针织用纱。DN445型涤纶短纤维是一种抗起毛起球、吸湿排汗型的功能性短纤维,该纤维加工的针织物,吸湿导湿性好、透气性佳,抗起毛起球达到4.5级。     

Coolplus纤维研究现状及结构分析

Coolplus是台湾中兴纺织有限公司研发的新型纤维,该文介绍了Coolplus纤维研究现状、结构分析、物理机械性能测试及吸湿导汗机理研究。利用Coolplus纤维开发热湿舒适性面料,既顺应了纺织品功能性发展的趋势,又可以提高产品的附加值。     

竹浆纤维/丝光羊毛混纺针织物的开发

利用竹浆纤维、丝光羊毛为原料,纺成竹浆纤维/丝光羊毛混纺纱,设计并开发出吸湿性良好的混纺针织面料。介绍了该面料的组织设计及工艺参数,测试比较了平针、罗纹组织结构的透气性、防紫外线性、透湿性、汽蒸收缩性,得出70%竹浆纤维和30%丝光羊毛罗纹针织物最适合服用。     

一种毛用无醛固色剂的合成及应用

将对苯二酚进行磺化后与环氧氯丙烷等反应,合成了一种新的无醛固色剂。用其对染色后的羊毛织物、羊毛/绢丝混纺织物进行固色并检测了固色后织物的综合性能。结果表明,使用该固色剂固色后的羊毛、羊毛/绢丝混纺织物的干、湿摩擦牢度等综合性能有明显提高。     

预水化湿排粉煤灰对混凝土性能影响研究

为提高湿排粉煤灰在粉煤灰中的利用率,本文对湿排粉煤灰采取预水化处理措施,在此基础上进行预水化湿排粉煤灰和干排粉煤灰对混凝土工作性能、强度以及收缩性能影响的对比研究。结果表明,预水化湿排粉煤灰,可有效激发湿排粉煤灰的早期活性、提高混凝土工作性能及强度、抑制混凝土收缩等作用,一定程度上可为湿排粉煤灰在水泥混凝土中的大量应用提供参考。     

湿排粉煤灰用作水泥混合材及其活化试验研究

研究湿排粉煤灰在水泥工业生产中的应用,结果表明:湿排烘干粉煤灰的比表面积与需水量随着粉磨时间的延长而增大,综合考虑粉磨时间对湿排烘干粉煤灰粒度分布、活性指数及电耗成本的影响,确定湿排烘干粉煤灰的粉磨细度为550m2/kg;湿排烘干粉煤灰掺量的增加会导致水泥标准稠度用水量增加,凝结时间的延长及抗折、抗压强度下降;但通过不同掺量的湿排烘干粉煤灰,可以生产不同强度等级的复合硅酸盐水泥;生石灰与水泥激发剂的叠加作用可以显著激发湿排粉煤灰的潜在活性(活性指数可达140%),湿排粉煤灰的复合活化剂的适宜配比为:生石灰35%~40%,复合激发剂2.0%。     

湿排粉煤灰的改性

提高湿排粉煤灰活性是其再利用的关键。试验采用磨细以及加入激发剂并配合CaO 对湿排粉煤灰进行复合激发,测其粘度间接观察活性变化,并用改性后的湿排粉煤灰进行胶砂强度实验。结果表明:湿排粉煤灰经物理粉磨和化学激发等改性后,其胶砂的抗压强度提高,流动度也得到提高,实现湿排粉煤灰的泵送要求。     

Protective clothing: Evaluation of zirpro wool and other fabrics

Protective clothing against head and flames should be evaluated not only for flame retardance but also for protection against various heat exposure from convection (flames), conduction (molten metal splashes) and radiation sources, depending on the end use, to ensure a realistic assessment of the potential protection offered and required. Evaluations of various flame-retardant fabrics to different heat exposures showed that the fibre and the flame retardant finish should preferably form a well developed char on exposure to heat, without softening and melting. The flame retardant should act in the solid phase and the fibre should be of low thermal conductivity. For protection against convective heat (flames), a woven Zirpro wool fabric of high density over a bulky knitted Zirpro wool underwear fabric offered a significantly better protection than a single layer of a woven or knitted fabric or a double layer of a woven fabric of the same total weight. The optional multi-layer fabric approach could also decrease overall garment weight and improve wearers' comfort without adverse effect on the protection offered. Of the FR fabrics evaluated, Zirpro wool fabric assemblies showed the longest time to reach pain (first degree burn) and blister (second degree burn) thresholds, as well as the longest pain alarm time–the time available to the wearer to withdraw from the flame heat source before serious injuries occur. Zirpro wool fabric assemblies had one of the lowest residual heat transfers after al limited flame exposure to the pain threshold while some other fibres, e.g. aramid and novoloid, transferred significant residual heat, possibly causing second degree burns. For protection against conduction, such as from molten aluminium splashes, the fabric should have a smooth surface, high density and thickness, besides the other previously mentioned, basic requirements. Zirpro wool fabrics offered a significantly better protection in this case than aramid, FR cotton, glass fibre, asbestos, and other FR fibres. Aluminized fabrics are essential for adequate protection against radiant heat and the aluminization technique affects heat transfer significantly. A low density base fabric made from a fibre of low thermal conductivity, such as Zirpro wool, reduces heat transfer in this case.     

牛奶纤维的服用性能研究

从研究牛奶纤维的特性以及牛奶纤维织物的服用性能出发,根据牛奶纤维和其它纤维混纺后服用性能发生的变化以及不同混纺比例对牛奶纤维织物服用性能的影响发现:牛奶纤维具有较好的可纺性,其织物光滑柔软,具有良好的透气性和透湿性,很适用于内衣类及夏季类服装。但牛奶纤维织物的抗静电性能较差。     

A Laboratory Study of Dry Chlorination of Wool at Atmospheric Pressure II—Evaluation of Treated Wool

Wool dry-chlorinated in the laboratory plant described in Part I of this study was subjected to three tests. Degradation of the treated wool was assessed by load-extension measurements on single fibres. Batches of treated wool were converted into knitted fabrics and handle and washing shrinkage tests were carried out on the fabrics. The treatment only slightly affected the elastic behaviour of single wool fibres, indicating insignificant degradation of the fibre. The best shrink resistance was obtained under conditions that also caused greatest deterioration in handle.     

Water and Effluent Charges and Water-consumption Studies on Six Product Groups for the Knitting Industry

Charges for water and effluent are rising and problems of availability of the former and disposal of the latter are growing. Extensive relevant studies by Hatra of water consumption and conservation, in the dyeing of nylon hose, nylon socks, acrylic garments, wool garments, wool hank, and synthetic knitted fabric, completed some years ago, are outlined with emphasis on factors leading to economies.     

Effect of low‐temperature plasma and chitosan treatment on wool dyeing with Acid Red 27

This study examines in detail the influence of low‐temperature plasma and biopolymer chitosan treatments on wool dyeability. Wool knitted fabrics were treated and characterized by whiteness and shrink‐resistance measurements. Surface modification was assessed by contact‐angle measurements of human hair fibers, which were used as a model to study the wetting properties of the treated wool knitted fabrics. The dyeing behavior was assessed from the diffusion mechanism point of view. The dyeing kinetics were measured at two different pHs (4.2 and 6.5) and three different temperatures (60, 85, and 100°C) to gain information about the contribution of the surface modification treatment to the dyeing mechanism. The exhaustion and reflectance data were compared, and the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. On the basis of the obtained results, a model for the dyeing mechanism of the chitosan treated wool was proposed. When treated with chitosan, the polymer sheath spread on the surface of the fibers acted as a predominant dyeing site in very short dyeing times, thus interacting with the dye and in later stages imparting the dye to the wool fiber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2204–2214, 2005     

Cuticular “cell membrane complex‘ modification of wool fabrics by sulphite treatment in aqueous organic solvent media

Cuticle modification on knitted wool fabrics treated with sodium sulphite in an isopropanol water medium has been studied. Isolation of the cuticle and its components, as well as amino acid composition determinations after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis from untreated and treated wool, indicate only slight modification. However, from the amino acid composition of the lipoproteic material dissolved during the treatment and from transmission electron microscopic observations, a modification of the ft-layer in the cuticle-cuticle ‘cell membrane complex’ has been clearly observed.     

Characteristics of Fireproofing and Combustion of Multicomponent Fibre Systems

Fireproofing treatment of knitted fabric made of a blend of wool and Spandex or Fenilon fibres with metal-containing flame retardants (sodium tungstate or potassium hexafluorotitanate) increases the oxygen index to 32.8-53%. Incorporation of titanium compounds in blended material increases its carbonizing power, intensifies the dehydration reaction, and reduces heat release in thermolysis. The fireproofed wool fibre in the material acts as a polymeric flame retardant that decreases discharge of hot gaseous products of thermolysis of multicomponent fibre systems.     

Setting and Stabilisation of Crimped Wool Yarn Produced by the Knit-Deknit Method

The crimp in wool yarn produced by the knit-deknit method can be made stable to release in hot water while in the extended configuration by setting the knitted fabric with bisulphite and then applying stabilising techniques previously found effective on pleated fabric. These include oxidation, crosslinking and application of reactive polymers.     

涤纶混纺针织物面料的抗起毛起球整理

将制备的抗起毛起球整理剂WPUA应用在涤毛混纺针织物和涤棉混纺针织物上,结果表明:当WPUA质量浓度为80 g/L、焙烘温度120℃、焙烘时间3 min时,涤毛针织物抗起毛起球等级提高了4级,涤棉针织物抗起毛起球等级提高了3级;织物手感和白度与原织物等级相当;静电压半衰期明显降低,抗静电性能得到提高;与目前市售的高效抗起毛起球整理剂的各项性能相当。扫描电镜表明:经整理后的织物,纤维尾端被黏附在纱线的表面,织物表现出抗起毛起球的特征。