航空发动机转子振动信号的分离测试技术

在传统谱分析方法的基础上,尝试应用盲源分离技术对飞机发动机振动信号进行振源分离.首先,介绍了发动机振动信号的基本处理方法和常见的发动机故障类型及特征,引入了盲源分离理论并讨论了其在航空发动机振动信号处理中应用的可行性.然后,对某型涡扇发动机振动过大的现象进行了故障诊断分析.最后,应用FastICA和JADE算法对检测的振动信号进行分析,分离出了发动机的振源信号.这说明发动机振动信号分析采用盲源分离与谱分析相结合的技术可以有效分离振源信号,提高故障诊断的准确性.     

基于DWT和PNN的印刷过程实时监测和故障诊断

提出了一种新的基于离散小波变换和概率神经网络的印刷过程振动信号的实时监测和故障诊断系统。利用小波包分解技术对印刷过程振动信号进行降噪处理,并选择特殊频段进行小波包重构,有效捕捉和分离了处于信号不同频段的印刷过程振动信号故障特征分量。对提取的故障特征参数应用概率神经网络映射,实现对印刷过程振动信号运行状态的实时监测和故障诊断。仿真结果表明,该诊断方法快速、准确且易于工程实现。     

基于盲源分离与小波降噪的旋转机械故障分析

基于小波降噪和盲源分离相结合对机械信号进行分离与故障诊断。首先使用经分析选择的较好小波阈值对非平稳振动信号进行降噪,然后运用盲源分离技术分离出激振信号,结果表明利用小波阀值降噪后进行盲源分离时分离信号与源信号相似系数优于直接盲源分离;将小波降噪和盲源分离相结合应用于某燃气轮机的实测故障信号提取,诊断出转子发生了不平衡及碰摩等故障现象,与实测情况相符,有效说明了该方法在旋转机械故障诊断中的实用性。     

二代小波降噪与盲分离结合应用于航空发动机振动信号分析

传感器采集的飞机发动机振动信号必然是各个部件振源信号以及周围环境强烈干扰的混合信号,传统的振动信号处理方法抗扰去噪效果并不理想,很难得到振源信号。笔者介绍了利用第二代小波阈值降噪、并结合盲源分离得到振源信号的方法。在对某型航空发动机空中停车振动信号进行二代小波分解、利用阈值处理并重构取得了理想的降噪效果的基础上,进一步应用盲源分离技术(FastICA)分离得到转子振动源信号,这样可以有效的提取故障特征,提高故障诊断的准确性。     

盲源分离方法在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

在旋转机械故障诊断中,从被监测机器测得的振动信号除噪声干扰外,还常混叠有其它机器的振动。由所测得的此混叠信号中分离出被监测机器的信号,并降低噪声的影响,是提高故障诊断准确性的基础。这里采用四阶累积量迫零算法对机器振动信号进行分离,通过仿真信号及实验室实测振动信号的分离验证,此方法是有效的,可作为旋转机械故障诊断的信号预处理方法。     

汽轮机振动传感器故障诊断及校验仪的研发与应用

介绍了汽轮机振动传感器故障诊断及校验仪的结构、设计方案、主要技术实现和现场应用。基于Lab VIEW程序开发了仪器的上、下位机界面和检测信号的幅值域、时间域和频率域分析模型,采用研华数采和信号调理模块实现了仪器与现场瓦振、轴振、键相传感器的连接,利用MATLAB实现了故障分析和诊断算法,设置实时数据库存储运行数据,多个技术部件一起构成了汽轮机振动传感器故障诊断及校验仪。通过全面的现场应用测试试验,结果表明该仪器能够很好地完成汽轮机运行现场振动传感器的在线监控、信号分析和故障诊断,经产品化后可作为火电厂、核电厂、水电厂汽轮机在线振动监控的可靠工具,也可以用于具有大型旋转机械振动监控的场合。     

基于振动信号熵谱的柴油发动机失火故障诊断

利用振动信号对发动机进行失火故障诊断是一种重要手段,但振动信号的平稳性较差,很多故障诊断方法的实际应用效果不佳.为此,提出了基于振动信号熵谱的柴油发动机故障诊断的新方法.利用振动信号获取转速进行等角度重采样,再提取三阶最大熵谱,最后利用模糊c均值聚类得到失火故障类型.利用台架试验,采集不同失火状态下的发动机振动信号进行...     

强脉冲干扰非线性混叠转子故障信号分离

由于旋转机械在运行过程中,传感器测得的振动信号是各振源的混叠信号且含有很强的噪声,常规的信号处理方法难以分离混叠信号,对设备的状态监测和故障诊断造成了很大的困难。针对这一问题,介绍了盲源分离基本原理和方法,指出源分离算法在脉冲噪声环境下失效。针对强脉冲噪声环境下的混叠振动信号,首先,通过中值滤波降噪方法对振动信号进行降噪;然后,通过盲源分离算法对降噪后的信号分离;最后,利用该方法对实测混叠转子振动信号成功实现了降噪和故障信号分离。仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

盲源分离算法在变速箱故障信号诊断中的研究

研究了基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法,并将其应用在汽车变速箱振动信号分析上,其目的是在变速箱工作时将不同激振源分离出来以便进行故障诊断。通过计算机进行信号分离实验仿真,验证了以最大信噪比(SNR)为分离准则的盲分离算法对振动信号分离的可行性,并将该算法与阶次分析方法相结合,应用于汽车变速箱在降速实测振动信号的故障诊断中,实验结果表明以最大信噪比为准则的盲源分离算法具有计算准确度高及稳定性好的优点,取得了良好的效果。     

免疫优化盲源分离算法在故障诊断中的应用

将人工免疫算法用于盲源分离算法,阐述了盲源分离过程,提出了免疫优化盲源分离算法(AIS-ICA算法),针对4组特定信号的混合与分离进行了仿真试验。仿真试验结果表明,该算法具有收敛速度快、分离精度高和稳定性好等优点。将该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号的盲源分离及其故障诊断,增强了振动信号所携带的故障信息,结果表明该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号分离可增强故障信息,降低齿轮箱故障诊断难度。     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semianechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods .     

ASTFA-BSS方法及其在齿轮箱复合故障诊断中的应用

自适应最稀疏时频分析（adaptive and sparsest time-frequency analysis,ASTFA）方法以分解得到的单分量个数最少为优化目标,以单分量的瞬时频率具有物理意义为约束条件,使得到的分量更加合理;结合盲源分离,提出了一种基于ASTFA的盲源分离方法并应用于齿轮箱复合故障诊断中。该方法首先利用ASTFA将单通道源信号进行分解,然后利用占优特征值法进行源数估计,根据源数重组观测信号,最后对观测信号进行盲源分离得到源信号的估计。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对齿轮箱复合故障信号进行分离进而实现齿轮箱的复合故障诊断。     

基于LCD的齿轮箱混合故障盲源分离研究

盲源分离是一种有效的混合故障诊断方法,而局部特征尺度分解（LCD）是非平稳信号的有效分析处理工具,综合两者的优点,提出了基于LCD的齿轮箱混合故障盲源分离方法。将源信号LCD分解,得到新的多维信号,采用Bayesian信息准则（BIC）估计盲源的数目并对多维信号进行重组。最后进行联合近似对角化处理,实现源信号的盲分离。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地实现齿轮箱混合故障盲源分离。     

动态故障源数估计的自适应盲源分离方法

在大型旋转机械故障诊断中,由于故障源数动态变化,无法准确估计源数并有效分离出故障源.针对这一问题,采用拓展四阶累积量矩阵估计动态故障源数,并根据源信号数与传感器数的关系,选择相应的盲源分离算法实现自适应盲源分离.实验结果表明,该源数估计算法能有效地估计出包括欠定情况下的动态故障源数,自适应盲源分离算法能有效地实现正定、超定与欠定盲源分离的故障诊断.     

基于经验模式分解的单通道机械信号盲分离

盲源分离是机械设备复合故障诊断的一种有效方法,经验模式分解是非平稳信号分析的有力工具,它将非线性、非平稳信号分解成为一系列线性、平稳的本征模函数信号。在机械故障信号盲分离中,单通道机械信号盲分离是一个病态问题。针对单通道机械信号盲分离的困境,综合盲源分离和经验模式分解各自的优点,提出基于经验模式分解的单通道机械信号源数估计和盲源分离方法。针对单通道机械观测信号进行经验模式分解,并将单通道信号和其本征模函数组成多维信号,利用奇异值分解估计机械源数目,根据源信号数目重组多通道机械混合信号,并利用FastICA算法实现机械信号的盲分离。将该方法应用于轴承和齿轮的仿真研究,正确分离出轴承和齿轮源信号,仿真研究表明,它能很好地解决单通道机械信号的源数估计和盲源分离难题。     

Blind vibration component separation and nonlinear feature extraction applied to the nonstationary vibration signals for the gearbox multi-fault diagnosis

Fault diagnosis of gearboxes, especially the gears and bearings, is of great importance to the long-term safe operation. An unexpected damage on the gearbox may break the whole transmission line down. It is therefore crucial for engineers and researchers to monitor the health condition of the gearbox in a timely manner to eliminate the impending faults. However, useful fault detection information is often submerged in heavy background noise. Thereby, a new fault detection method for gearboxes using the blind source separation (BSS) and nonlinear feature extraction techniques is presented in this paper. The nonstationary vibration signals were analyzed to reveal the operation state of the gearbox. The kernel independent component analysis (KICA) algorithm was used hereby as the BSS approach for the mixed observation signals of the gearbox vibration to discover the characteristic vibration source associated with the gearbox faults. Then the wavelet packet transform (WPT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) nonlinear analysis methods were employed to deal with the nonstationary vibrations to extract the original fault feature vector. Moreover, the locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm was performed as the nonlinear feature reduction technique to attain distinct features from the feature vector. Lastly, the fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FKNN) was applied to the fault pattern identification of the gearbox. Two case studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic approach. One is for the gear fault diagnosis, and the other is to diagnose the rolling bearing faults of the gearbox. The nonstationary vibration data was acquired from the gear and rolling bearing fault test-beds, respectively. The experimental test results show that sensitive fault features can be extracted after the KICA processing, and the proposed diagnostic system is effective for the multi-fault diagnosis of the gears and rolling bearings. In addition, the proposed method can achieve higher performance than that without KICA processing with respect to the classification rate.     

用盲源分离技术创建独立的虚拟传感器

在振动与声测量中，由于结构对振动的传播作用以及声传播过程中散射与混响效应的存在，传感器(如加速度计或麦克风)所测得的信号往往是多个源的混合。盲源分离作为一种强有力的冗余取消工具，可以正确恢复独立源信号的波形。不过在具体实施中，所有的盲源分离算法都依赖于一个基本假设，即传感观测信号数必须大于或等于系统中的独立源数，而实际机器中独立源的数目往往未知。为此首先提出一种基于奇异值分解的聚类不相关源数估计新方法，估计一个系统中独立源数的上界，并籍此获得足够维数的传感观测信号，保证盲源分离方法在实际应用中的正确实施，从而共同构建一个能获取无法直接观测的独立源波形的虚拟传感观测系统。实验结果表明了该系统潜在的实用意义。     

盲分离与Hilbert-Huang结合应用于航空发动机振动信号分析

在航空发动机故障诊断中,首要任务是分析故障信号提取故障特征。针对航空发动机非平稳振动信号,提出了利用盲分离(BSS)获得发动机的振源信号,结合Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)对振源信号进行时频分析提取故障特征的方法。首先利用仿真信号验证了此方法的有效性,然后分析了某航空涡扇发动机空中停车故障并与直接应用HHT分析的结果进行比较,证实了盲分离与HHT的结合能更准确地提取航空发动机非平稳故障特征。