两级热电热泵的有限时间热力学分析

建立了考虑外部传热影响的两级半导体热电热泵模型，用有限时间热力学对牛顿传热规律下两级半导体热电热泵的性能进行分析，导出了供热率、供热系数与工作电流的一般关系式，得到了热电单元数的最优分配，并分析了多种因素对其性能的影响。     

联合热电装置极限工作温差研究

基于非平衡热力学理论,对联合半导体热电装置循环模型的工作温差进行研究。分别针对热电发电机驱动热电制冷机和驱动热电热泵两类循环模型,给出了一定热源条件下,装置的极限工作温差同热电单元比的关系,并研究了极限工作温差随发电机高温热源温度的变化规律。     

汤姆逊效应对热电发电机驱动热电制冷机装置性能的影响

建立了包含汤姆逊效应的热电发电机驱动热电制冷机(TEG-TEC)装置热力学模型,运用非平衡热力学理论和数值计算方法进行了性能分析,对比考虑和不考虑汤姆逊效应2种情况,分析了汤姆逊效应对装置性能的影响。结果表明,汤姆逊效应使TEG-TEC装置性能降低,且降低幅度随热电发电机高温热源温度或制冷空间温度升高而减小。当热电发电机热节点温度和热电制冷机冷节点温度分别取450K和285K,热电单元比取0.5时,汤姆逊效应使制冷率降低29.98%,使制冷系数降低23.02%,使极限制冷温差降低11.35%。考虑到汤姆逊效应的影响,应当将有限数量的热电单元适当多地分配到热电发电机中。文中结论为实际TEG-TEC装置的设计和运行提供了理论指导。     

单级热电发电机有效功率性能分析和优化

在已有文献建立的单级多单元热电发电机模型基础上,运用有限时间热力学理论,研究热电发电机有效功率最优性能,推导出有效功率表达式.通过数值计算,比较最大有效功率和最大功率条件下,热电发电机的效率,分析热电单元数和高温热源温度对热电发电机有效功率性能的影响.结果表明,最大有效功率下的效率高于最大功率下的效率;热电单元数和高温...     

多级热电发电机特性分析与性能优化

基于非平衡热力学理论,建立多级热电发电机的数值分析模型,以数值算例分析其各级热电单元数相同时的基本输出特性,并在热电单元总数一定的约束下,分别以功率和效率为优化目标,优化热电单元在各级间的配置和工作电流。各级热电单元数相同时,一定工作电流下,由高温侧至低温侧,各级温差呈等差递增分布,功率和效率依次增大,分别存在两个最优工作电流对应最大功率和最大效率。当工作温差和Seebeck系数较小时,各级单元数相同可获得最大功率;当温差或Seebeck系数较大时,热电单元数由高温侧至低温侧依次增大且呈等差分布可获得最大功率;对热电发电机各级配置相等数目的热电单元可获得最大效率。     

两级热电热机的有限时间热力学分析

建立了考虑外部传热影响的两级半导体热电热机模型,用有限时间热力学对牛顿传热规律下两级半导体热电热机的性能进行分析,导出了功率、效率与工作电流的一般关系式,得到了两侧换热器的最优面积分配和热电单元数的最优分配,并分析了多种因素对其性能的影响。     

中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置的火用性能分析

建立了恒温热源内可逆中冷回热布雷顿热电联产装置模型,基于火用分析的观点,用有限时间热力学理论和方法研究了装置的性能,导出了无量纲火用输出率和火用效率的解析式。讨论了总压比给定和总压比变化两种情形,优化了中间压比和总压比,通过数值计算分析了回热度、中冷度和高温侧热源温度与环境温度之比等参数对装置一般性能和最优性能的影响,研究了火用输出率和火用效率之间的关系,其特性关系为扭叶型。最后发现分别存在最佳的用户侧温度使火用输出率和火用效率取得双重最大值。     

闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置(火用)分析

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法建立了闭式内可逆回热布雷顿热电冷联产装置模型,导出了装置无量纲(火用)输出率和效率的解析式。通过数值计算分析了回热器热导率对(火用)输出率和(火用)效率的影响,发现存在临界压比,同时优化了压比,研究了热电比、制冷和供热温度等设计参数对最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率以及相应最佳压比的影响,发现最优(火用)输出率时的设计压比要大于最优(火用)效率时的设计压比,最优(火用)输出率和(火用)效率均随冷用户温度的升高而减小,分别存在最佳的热用户温度使(火用)输出率和(火用)效率取得最大值,热用户温度对装置最优(火用)性能的影响比冷用户温度更为明显。     

基于当量抽汽压力的大型热电联产供热模式研究

建立了大型热电联产机组变工况分析模型,揭示出不同热网回水温度和热网回水温升条件下,单效溴化锂吸收式热泵驱动热源饱和蒸汽压力和热力系数的变化规律.提出2种不同供热模式选取的判据,即当量抽汽压力.以某300 MW直接空冷抽凝供热机组为例,进行了变工况计算及分析.结果表明:随热网回水温升的增大以及热网回水温度的升高,驱动热源饱和蒸汽压力升高,而吸收式热泵热力系数则减小;对于300 MW等级及以上供热改造机组,由于汽轮机中低压缸抽汽压力高于对应的当量抽汽压力,采用吸收式热泵供热模式更节能.     

吸收式热泵技术在热电联产供热系统中的应用

介绍热电联产相结合的吸收式热泵供热技术,并结合实例工程的计算与分析,指出该技术在理论和实际应用中的可行性,该方法可回收利用大量冷却水的低温余热,大大增加现有热源的供热能力。     

Two-Dimensional Problem of a Crack in Thermoelectric Materials

The two-dimensional problem of a crack in thermoelectric materials is studied in this research. The general solution is derived based on the complex variable method. For the case of a crack subjected to remote electric current and heat flow, the solutions are obtained in closed-form. The results show that the fields of heat flow, electric current, and stress exhibit traditional square-root singularity at the crack tip. The remote electric current produces both type I and II stress intensity factor. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor has a linear relationship with the heat flux, but a non-linear relationship with the electric current.     

Transient Response of a Cracked Piezoelectric Strip Under Thermoelectric Loading

In this study, the theoretical analysis of a transient piezothermoelastic problem is developed for a piezoelectric strip with a parallel crack under static electric loading and thermal shock loading conditions. The crack faces are supposed to be insulated thermally and electrically. By using both the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform, the thermal and electromechanical problems are reduced to a system of singular integral equations, respectively, which are solved numerically. Some numerical results for the temperature change, the stress and electric displacement distributions, and the energy density factor as well as the stress and electric displacement intensity factors in a transient state are shown in figures.     

热电制冷的热力学机理分析研究

把热电制冷的机理与一般相变制冷的机理作比较，分析热电制冷过程的热力学原理。由分析结果得知，在理想工作条件下，电流通过半导体材料进行制冷时，同时存在的帕尔帖效应、汤姆逊效应和傅立叶效应三种效应共同耦合作用的制冷效果可以分解为电子循环与两种不可逆效应的叠加。其中的作用力是二种材料的电子化学势，最大的影响因素是二种不可逆热效应。     

Thermoelectric transformation and illuminative performance analysis of a novel LED-MGVC device

Energy-efficient, small and lightweight high-power light-emitting diodes (Hi-LEDs) are combined with a thermo-generation module (TGM) to transform the heat power generated by the LED into electric energy in the present paper. Variation in the dielectric copper and solder layer thickness in the printed circuit board (PCB) composite was found to affect the thermal performance of the Hi-LEDs lighting system, and a vapor chamber (VC) was shown to provide excellent heat dissipation performance when used with Hi-LEDs. Therefore, VC and PCB (VCPCB) were combined for integration with the Hi-LEDs package system (micro-generator with LED vapor chamber-based plate, LED-MGVC) for performance and illumination comparison. This study analyzes the performance of a novel LED-MGVC device using experimental and illumination-analysis methods with VCTM V1.0. Results depict that the LED-MGVC system provides significant improvement for thermal performance and illumination and thermoelectric properties.     

An Investigation of the Thermal Stresses Induced in a Thin-Film Thermoelectric Cooler

This work aims at investigating the thermal stresses induced within a four-layered thin-film thermoelectric cooler. The one-dimensional (1D) temperature and thermal-stress distributions are firstly analyzed under the consideration of Joule heating, the conduction heat transfer as well as Thomson heating. Followed are two-dimensional (2D) calculations of the thermal stresses with the commercial software ANSYS. The validity of the 1D analytical model is then examined by a comparison of its predicted thermal stresses with the numerical ones obtained from the 2D model. In the 2D model, the thermoelectric element becomes curved due to the shrinkage and the fixed boundary conditions. The latter also causes huge values and rapid changes of thermal stresses near the ends. In the middle portion of the thermoelectric element where the thermal effect dominates, the thermal stresses predicted by the 1D model are not much different from those computed from the 2D model. Quantitative differences arise from the fact that the 1D model does not count the stresses induced by the non-zero Poisson's ratios. In addition, the normal-stress distributions are pretty uniform across the layer thickness (the variation is less than 1MPa within each layer in the worst case). These results verify the possibility of using the 1D model for a preliminary estimate of the thermal stresses induced within the layered thin-film thermoelectric element. The 1D model nonetheless fails to capture the behaviors near the ends of the thermoelectric element.     

Thermoelectric Module Integrated Fuel Cell in a Liquid Desiccant-Assisted Air-Conditioning System

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the energy performance of a liquid desiccant and evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS) combined with a thermoelectric module integrated proton exchange membrane fuel cell (TEM-PEMFC). During the cooling season, recovered heat from the PEMFC was reclaimed to heat a weak desiccant solution and the generated electricity was used to operate the LD-IDECOAS. The TEM was operated as an auxiliary heater for heating the weak desiccant solution. In the off-cooling season, the PEMFC was operated to generate electricity and the recovered heat was also used to generate electricity using TEMs. In this study, a detailed energy simulation model was developed to estimate the energy savings potentials of the proposed system compared with the conventional LD-IDECOAS that uses a gas boiler and grid power without TEM-PEMFC. The result shows that TEMs can operate with a mean coefficient of performance of 2.0 when utilized for auxiliary heater in the cooling season. In addition, TEMs generate additional electricity with a mean power generation efficiency of 0.9%. Finally, the proposed system can save the 10.6% of annual primary energy compared with the conventional LD-IDECOAS. Therefore, the advantages of using TEM-PEMFC as heating and energy harvesting components were verified.     

Modernization of a Burner Control System in a Thermoelectric Power Plant using Logic Programmable Controllers

The increasing need of maintenance, the lack of spare parts and the extra requirements of a very complex interconnected electrical system demands a new strategy which can support the reliability of a particular power plant. The present maturity of microprocessor technology makes feasible the development of a Burner Management System based on programmable controllers (PLC's). This paper reviews the retrofit of such system utilizing local PLC's developed by the Institute of Electrical Research (IIE). The problem is described in detail including its main constraints. The general characteristics (hardware and software) of the new system are also mentioned.     

Numerical Modeling of Thermoelectric Generators With Varing Material Properties in a Circuit Simulator

When a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and its external load circuitry are considered together as a system, the codesign and cooptimization of the electronics and the device are crucial in maximizing the system efficiency. In this paper, an accurate TEG model is proposed and implemented in a SPICE-compatible environment. This model of thermoelectric battery accounts for all temperature-dependent characteristics of the thermoelectric materials to include the nonlinear voltage, current, and electrothermal coupled effects. It is validated with simulation data from the recognized program ANSYS and experimental data from a real thermoelectric device, respectively. Within a common circuit simulator, the model can be easily connected to various electrical models of applied loads to predict and optimize the system performance.