Characterization of an optical frequency-shift-keying transmitter based on carrier-suppressed phase modulation

We experimentally characterize an optical frequency-shift-keying transmitter based on optical carrier-suppressed phase modulation. Only one laser source is needed to generate an optical FSK signal. The demonstration of 10-Gb/s FSK signal generation and 50-km transmission verified the improved performance of the proposed transmitter, compared with the previous two-laser schemes. To further reduce the complexity of the transmitter, the phase modulator is omitted and a single MZM modulator is used for both optical carrier-suppression (OCS) and phase modulation. This simplified structure is verified by simulation, implying the feasibility that a FSK transmitter can be constructed with only one laser source and one modulator.     

多普勒天气雷达发射机相位噪声的测量

应用调制理论分析了射频脉冲信号受寄生调制的影响而产生的边带相位噪声，提供了相位噪声测量的理论和实际应用技术，介绍了测量发射机相位噪声的概念和方法。分析时包括用Woodword注记法表示的脉冲频谱的背景分析以及噪声边带对探测目标的影响。具体提出了直接用分辨率比较高的高性能频谱分析仪测量发射机的相位噪声是可行的，最后给出了某型S波段脉冲多普勒天气雷达发射机相位噪声的测试结果。     

Highly sensitive 565 Mb/s DPSK heterodyne transmission experiment using direct current modulation of a DFB laser transmitter

A comparison between external phase modulation and phase modulation obtained through direct current modulation of a multiquantum-well distributed feedback (DFB) transmitter is reported for a sensitive 565 Mb/s differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) heterodyne transmission experiment. A limited sensitivity penalty for direct phase modulation is expected from the driving current pulse shape, the transmitter FM response and the receiver characteristics. The experimentally observed 0.5 dB penalty is in agreement with theory and highlights the potential of direct DPSK modulation as compared to both standard DPSK and continuous-phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) schemes.<>     

调相法抑制光纤CATV中受激布里渊散射的实验研究

对光纤AM CATV外调制传输系统中附加相位调制法抑制受激布里渊散射 (SBS)进行了详细的实验研究 ,结果显示SBS抑制效果与调相源个数及相位调制深度有关 ,与调相源频率无关 ;单个调相源可将SBS阈值提高到13dBm以上 ,而两个调相源可将系统SBS阈值提高到 18dBm以上 ;相位调制对系统的非线性特性无影响     

用于434/868MHz FSK/OOK CMOS发射机的锁相环设计

一种可输出434/868MHz信号的Σ-Δ分数分频锁相环在0.35μmCMOS工艺中集成。该发射机系统采用直接调制锁相环分频比的方式实现FSK调制,OOK的调制则通过功率预放大器的开-关实现。为了降低芯片的成本和功耗,发射机采用了电流数字可控的压控振荡器(VCO),以及片上双端-单端转换电路,并对分频器的功耗设计进行研究。经测试表明,锁相环在868MHz载波频偏为10kHz、100kHz和3MHz处的相位噪声分别为-75dBc/Hz、-104dBc/Hz和-131dBc/Hz,其中的VCO在100kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-108dBc/Hz。在发送模式时,100kHz相邻信道上的功率与载波功率之比小于-50dB。在直流电压2.5V的工作条件下,锁相环的电流为12.5mA,包括功率预放大器和锁相环在内的发送机总面积为2mm2。     

基于光森林的弹性光网络能效组播路由频谱分配策略

在弹性光网络中,光树传输组播可以节省链路代价,但较长的光树需要选择更低的调制等级,消耗更多的频谱资源和发射机功耗.提出一种基于遗传算法的光森林组播和光树重配置(GAMF-TR)优化组播的能效路由、调制格式和频谱分配(RMSA)策略.GAMF-TR策略设计染色体编码表示光森林的组播目的节点划分和光路径组合,通过染色体的基因位概率交叉和变异得到更多的光森林RMSA策略,设计了一个频谱分配效率和发射机功耗折中的适应度函数选择能效最高的光森林RMSA策略,并设计在网络资源充足时将组播从光森林重配置到光树传输,进一步减少发射机功耗的消耗.仿真结果表明:提出的GAMF-TR策略获得了组播的最低带宽阻塞率和最高能效性能.     

正弦相位调制位移干涉测量技术中调制频率的优化选择

针对正弦相位调制(SPM)干涉测量技术用于位移测量时,调制频率对干涉信号相位解调的影响,提出一种调制频率的优化选择依据.通过对干涉信号的频谱进行分析,发现当被测位移幅度较小时,较小的调制频率即可满足相位解调的要求;而当被测位移较大时,必须相应地增大调制频率,才能获得比较准确的测量结果.模拟计算以及实验结果表明,被测位移信号的幅度每增大四分之一测量光源波长,调制频率需要相应增大4倍于被测信号频率的大小,才能满足正弦相位调制位移干涉测量技术信号处理的需要.     

A GMSK modulator using a ΔΣ frequencydiscriminator-based synthesizer

This paper describes a new transmitter architecture suitable for wideband GMSK modulation. The technique uses direct modulation of ΔΣ frequency discriminator (ΔΣFD)-based synthesizer to produce the modulated RF signal without any up-conversion. Digital equalization is used to extend the modulation data rate far beyond the synthesizer closed-loop BW. A prototype 1.9-GHz GSM transmitter was constructed consisting of a ΔΣFD-based synthesizer and a digital transmit filter. The synthesizer consists of an 0.8-μm BiCMOS ΔΣFD chip, a digital signal processor FPGA, and an off-chip D/A converter, filter, and VCO. Measured results, using 271-kbit/s GSM modulation, demonstrate data rates well in excess of the 30-kHz synthesizer closed-loop BW are possible with digital equalization. Without modulation, the synthesizer exhibits a -76-dBc spurious noise level and a close-in phase noise of -74 dBc/Hz     

雷达频率源中DDS的触发抖动对目标检测的影响

雷达频率源中直接数字频率合成(DDS)的触发抖动会导致发射信号之间的相位突跳,破坏了相参雷达严格的相参性要求,相当于对发射信号添加了一种随机的二相调制,会导致相参雷达的相参积累损失和恶化动目标显示(MTI)雷达的改善因子.文中介绍了DDS技术在雷达频率源中的应用,以及雷达频率源中DDS的触发抖动引起的发射信号之间的相位突跳,最后指出DDS在雷达频率源的应用中,避免DDS的触发抖动导致发射信号之间相位突跳的方法.     

The 'inverted' gain-levered semiconductor laser-direct modulation with enhanced frequency modulation and suppressed intensity modulation

A gain-levered semiconductor laser has enhanced efficiencies in both intensity modulation (IM) and frequency modulation (FM). It is shown that by inverting the bias points of the gain and modulation sections, a mode of operation referred to as 'inverted' gain-lever, the FM efficiency is suppressed. The large FM-to-FM ratio makes it a desirable source for an FM optical transmitter.<>     

光纤通信系统中光发射机的设计

光发射机功能是将AV信号接收、调制后,把电信号变换成光信号,经光纤发射出去.在光纤通信系统的原理下,对光发射机的主要组成部分电源、调频电路及锁相器在原理和实现电路上进行设计,使信号源发出的信号经过光发射机后信号失真小、信噪比高,满足信号传输高质量的要求,实现低成本高质量的AV传输解决方案.     

Minimizing Spectral Leakage of Nonideal LINC Transmitters by Analysis of Component Impairments

LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) is a distortion-free transmitter architecture under ideal conditions. However, in a realistic transmitter, imbalances such as dc offset, differential gain, and differential phase shift present in the quadrature modulators result in generation of out-of-band spectral components, even assuming that both amplifiers have identical characteristics. The level of distortion not only increases with the magnitude of the imbalances but also depends, to a large extent, on their relative phase arguments. The contribution of this paper is to provide a simplified characterization of the spectral leakage in the LINC transmitter in terms of quadrature modulator imbalances, with identical or mismatched amplifiers. This characterization allows identification of the transmitter with minimum spectral leakage under the constraint that the quadrature modulators perform equally well when used individually, i.e., in a transmitter composed of just the quadrature modulator followed by an amplifier. With reasonably small imbalances in the quadrature modulators and realistic amplifier mismatch, the spectral leakage at the output of a LINC transmitter driven by typical modulation schemes can be reduced by up to 10 dB, simply by a wise pairing of modulators     

Downlink outage predictions for cellular radio systems

A general model for predicting downlink outage due to co-channel interference in cellular radio systems is presented. The model accounts for path loss, log-normal shadowing, Rayleigh fading, and vehicle velocity. The outage predictions are obtained by computer simulation. Various outage control techniques are evaluated, including cell sectoring, transmitter control, and hands-off. It is shown that down link power control is quite useful when hand-offs are used, and that shadowing can have a large effect on the outage predictions. The outage predictions are applied to a digital cellular system that uses quadrature differential phase shift keying (QDPSK) modulation and Reed-Solomon (RS) coding. It is shown that the performance of a coded digital cellular system is largely limited by rapidly moving vehicles     

新型相位式激光测距系统电路的设计

为了提高相位式激光测距系统的精度和可靠性,设计了一种新型的相位式激光测距系统的发射和两路几乎一致的接收电路。通过采用具有微小频差的低抖动时钟发生技术,差频测相技术等原理,系统可以实现特定环境下的高精度测量。系统由级联式PLL可编程时钟信号源、激光发射与接收模块、自动增益控制、混频滤波及数据采集组成。利用时钟源产生调制信号,并对反馈信号和接收信号进行放大、混频滤波等信号调理,进而采集数据并对数据进行处理分析。在电路的设计中,优化了激光的调制发射电路,采用低回波损耗的尾纤式激光器,增加简单实用的自动增益模块等。实验观察的波形和数据结果分析表明,此相位式激光测距系统电路简单实用,并且具有较高的稳定性和较高的测量精度。     

An efficient method for nonlinear distortion calculation of the AM and PM noise spectra of FMCW radar transmitters

The demand for autonomous cruise control and collision warning/avoidance systems has increased in recent years. Many systems based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar have emerged and are still in development. Due to the high complexity of such systems, the accurate evaluation of the noise spectra in the transmitter chain driven by complex modulated signals is today a severe drawback due to the limitation of simulation tools. In this paper, a method is proposed to compute easily with any commercially available nonlinear simulator, the amplitude and phase modulated signal distortion introduced by the nonlinearities of the transmitter on an FMCW signal. First, the amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal is derived from the knowledge of the continuous wave (CW) AM and PM noise spectra of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and the modulating saw-tooth signal applied. Using the narrow band envelope concept and a first-order expansion of the nonlinear transfer function of the transmitter, the transfer of the AM and PM noise spectra of the driving FMCW signal through the nonlinear transmitter chain and the resulting output distortion are then computed. This novel approach allows to compute with reduced computation time and very good accuracy the AM/AM, AM/PM, PM/PM, and PM/AM conversion terms in any nonlinear system driven by CW or FMCW signals. This new method has been applied to the characterization of a whole car radar transmitter operating at 77 GHz driven by an FMCW signal issuing from a VCO. A successful comparison between measured and simulated PM-to-AM conversion coefficients of this transmitter is shown, validating the proposed method.     

速调管发射机射频信号频谱特性分析

发射信号频谱质量的好坏与雷达动目标探测性能高低密切相关.文中分析了脉冲调制波形前后沿抖动、电网谐波、速调管工作状态等方面因素,对发射机射频信号频谱质量产生的影响.同时,以一套速调管发射机为实验系统,进行实验分析和验证.以实验数据的形式,分别指出以上各种因素对发射系统射频功率频谱质量影响程度.对速调管发射机的工程应用,具有一定的指导意义.     

EVM estimation by analyzing transmitter imperfections mathematically and graphically

This letter analyzes the effects of transmitter imperfections, including carrier leakage, unwanted sideband, nonlinearity, local oscillator (LO) phase noise and frequency error, on error vector magnitude (EVM) performance. Predictor equations of transmitter EVM are given for radio designers to estimate the level of EVM or set appropriate design specifications to obtain desired EVM performance. These predictor equations are validated by measurement results of other reported works.     

A quad-band 8PSK/GMSK polar transceiver

The addition of 8PSK modulation to the GSM standard creates the need for architectural modifications to achieve necessary performance while maintaining a cost-effective solution. A large-signal polar modulation transmitter allows the use of an efficient nonlinear power amplifier (PA) for both GMSK and 8PSK. Digital interfaces are used for both receiver and transmitter, with analog options available for compatibility with older technology baseband systems. The receiver section of the transceiver is programmable to operate in direct conversion mode or multiple VLIF modes. All analog and digital filtering necessary to define the final channel is included. The transmit section of the transceiver uses an all digital system with a fractional-N digital modulator for the phase path. The amplitude path uses a Powerstar PA with both the ramp and the amplitude modulation applied to the collector. The transceiver meets or exceeds all specifications for both GMSK and 8PSK in all four cellular bands (850/900/1800/1900).     

低成本直接射频正交调制无线发射机的新设计

提出了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)直接射频正交调制无线通信发射机的一种新设计。新设计克服了传统正交调制方案结构复杂的缺点,去掉了传统正交调制方案中的基带数字处理芯片和射频部分之间的数模转换器件和混频器,使基带数字处理芯片和射频正交调制器直接连接,最大化地实现了传统无线通信发射机的软件化和数字化。采用新技术制作的无线发射系统的实测表明,新发射机误码率达到了传统的正交调制方案的误码水平。新设计不需要传统方案必须的数模转换器件和混频器,使系统简化,成本降低。     

基于衰减量调节的VHF/UHF频段发射机互调发射抑制比测量方法

设计了以可调衰减器和定向耦合器为核心器件的发射机互调发射电平测量链路,建立了定向耦合器各端口的互调发射信号模型,分析了互调发射信号功率随可调衰减器衰减量变化的规律.依据理论分析结果,研究了干扰信号源的一次反射互调信号功率、被测发射机二次反射互调信号功率和互调信号耦合功率等误差项的消除方法,设计了基于可调衰减器衰减量调节的、适用不同互调发射类型的互调发射抑制比测量流程.对实际电台的测量结果表明,测量结果与理论分析结论完全一致,验证了本文提出的互调发射抑制比衰减量调节测量方法合理性和准确性.