跳频OFDM通信系统同步算法及实现

结合跳频通信技术抗干扰和正交频分复用(OFDM)技术节省频带资源的优点,提出了一种通信帧格式及其同步算法。该算法构造了每个载波上传输隐藏伪随机序列的OFDM数据,利用伪随机序列良好相关特性实现了定时估计和粗频偏捕获,再使用ML估计算法进行细频偏估计,能够使OFDM技术应用到跳频通信领域。仿真和实验结果表明,在多径信道下,提出的算法单个定时估计和频偏估计误差小。     

一种有效的MIMO-OFDM系统时频同步方法

为了检测不同天线的时延和频偏,提高多输入多输出正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM）系统同步算法性能,给出了一种有效的MIMO-OFDM系统定时和频率同步算法。该算法构造了一种新颖的基于恒包络零自相关码（CAZAC）的良好正交特性的训练序列结构,利用该训练序列结构可以有效地完成各发射天线的迟延和载波频偏估计。仿真结果表明,所给方法具有高的定时估计精度和低的计算复杂度,适用于各发射天线信号到达时延不同情况的MIMO-OFDM系统,具有很好的实用价值。     

UFMC-MIMO系统中一种干扰消除算法

通用滤波多载波(UFMC)作为5G最具潜力的候选波形之一,它的优势在于比正交频分复用(OFDM)具有更低的带外泄露,且发送时不需要添加循环前缀(CP),还能与多输入多输出(MIMO)系统良好地兼容。然而现有对UFMC的研究多数停留在单输入单输出(SISO)系统,已不能满足5G及未来通信系统的需要,因此对UFMC-MIMO系统的研究具有重要意义。本文提出一种利用Walsh码设计的特殊训练结构对UFMC-MIMO系统进行定时同步的算法,首先对各信道进行定时同步,再对经过定时同步后的信号作频偏估计得到各发送天线与接收天线的频偏估计值,最后在时域对信号进行频偏补偿,从而达到降低或消除定时频偏对信号传输的影响。本文基于2×2的UFMC-MIMO系统进行仿真,结果表明该算法能够有效降低信号误符号率和显著提升系统的抗干扰性能。     

多用户OFDM系统上行链路的粗频偏及定时估计

上行链路中的粗频偏及定时估计是多用户 OFDM系统的关键技术之一。如果粗频偏估计不准 ,将带来严重的子载波间干扰 ( ICI) ,而定时估计引入的符号间干扰 ( ISI)虽然可以通过加入保护间隔予以消除 ,但是如果定时估计不稳定将影响整频偏移的估计及均衡的效果。本文提出了一种基于 PN序列的粗频偏及定时估计 ,仿真结果表明该方法具有良好的性能     

一种改进的LTE系统下行同步算法

LTE(Long Term Evolution)系统中,作为小区搜索的第一步,符号定时算法需要具备很强的鲁棒性。为了进一步增强现有符号同步算法的抗频偏性能,提出了一种优化的符号同步算法。该算法一方面保持已有分段相关同步算法的优点,同时考虑结合预频偏处理来进行符号定时与粗频偏的联合估计,再将多个相关运算集做叠加处理。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,在多径信道下,所提算法在完成符号定时和粗频偏估计的同时,大大提高了系统抗频偏性能。     

多径衰落信道下的OFDM时频联合同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。这种算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计,然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相对经典算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能,相比CAZAC序列算法,提升了多径信道下的同步性能。     

利用CAZAC序列共轭对称性的OFDM时频同步算法

符号定时和载波频率偏差将严重影响OFDM系统的性能。基于具有重复结构的CAZAC序列,提出了一种仅利用一个CAZAC符号实现符号定时、整数倍频偏与小数倍频偏估计的同步算法。首先,所提算法在完成粗定时同步的同时得到整数倍频偏估计。然后根据整数倍频偏估计值对定时估计进行修正,最后完成小数倍频偏估计。分析与仿真结果表明,该算法相比于传统PARK算法,不仅完成了定时估计,而且得到了频偏估计;相对于经典SC算法,不但提高了传输效率,还显著改善了OFDM系统的定时与频偏估计性能;相比于利用CAZAC序列的同步算法,提高了算法的估计精度以及对多径信道的适应性。      

基于DTMB标准多载波模式的定时同步算法研究

提出一种基于地面数字电视国家标准(DTMB)的定时同步算法。该算法结合帧头模式检测、帧头位置粗估计和帧头相位捕获完成定时同步。其中帧头模式检测和帧头位置粗估计不受多径、大频偏影响,可抗大采样偏差。同时估计的帧头位置可减小相关运算量,从而迅速捕获到帧头相位进入定时恢复环路。理论分析和仿真结果证明该算法具有更好的性能。     

直流偏置环境下的OFDM低复杂度帧检测算法

在具有零中频架构收发机的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,接收机解调性能通常会受到载波频率偏移、收发机IQ失配和直流偏置(DCO)的影响。其中直流偏置直接影响频偏的估计并使帧检测变得困难,针对这一现象提出了一种基于多段重复前导序列的双搜索窗分段延迟相关帧检测算法。该算法相比传统直流偏置估计和补偿算法而言,实时性强、复杂度低、实现简单,且采用自相关运算,能在大频偏环境下正常工作。仿真搭建含有直流偏置的多径信道模型,在接收端抓取信号经过射频电路后在多径信道下产生的基带信号并对算法进行性能测试,结果表明,相比于性能较好的OFDM帧检测算法,该算法具有较低的误检率和漏检率。     

软件无线电中π/4-DQPSK突发信号位定时算法

阐述了一种新的适合于软件无线电的π/4-DQPSK突发信号的码元定时恢复、频偏估计和纠正方法.这种算法根据π/4-DQPSK本身特点,对信号能量检测、频移初捕实行并行处理,这与常规算法中的先信号能量检测,再估计多普勒频移,然后进行位定时捕获的串行处理相比,有较明显的优越性.该算法具有简单、计算量小和易于用DSP实现的特点,因此适合在软件无线电接收机中使用.     

Multicarrier signal detection and parameter estimation infrequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels

A new joint signal detection and channel parameter estimation scheme is proposed for multiple subcarrier signaling with pilot symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) schemes. The proposed scheme estimates a pair of parameters associated with the generation process of the fading frequency selectivity, which is common to all the subcarriers. This parameter estimation can effectively extract information regarding the fading frequency selectivity through the pilot symbols received not only by the subcarrier of interest, but by other ones as well. The fading complex envelope with each subcarrier is derived from the estimates of the parameter pair. With the proposed scheme, performances are evaluated through simulations and are compared with the performance of a subcarrier-by-subcarrier detection scheme     

一种新的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法

提出了一种新的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法,首先使时域信号包络与窗函数循环卷积,进行时偏快速粗估计,然后利用解调信号方差进行判决,获得精确的时偏估计.该算法不需要训练序列、导频信号或循环前缀.仿真结果证明,该算法估计精度高于已有的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法.     

分布式独特码TDMA信号的检测和频率估计

针对一类新型分布式独特码结构的TDMA信号，本文提出了基于这种新型结构下的独特码辅助的突发检测和频率估计算法，算法主要通过采用延时共轭相乘的方式，消除了频偏对检测性能的影响，并且频率估计具有较低的复杂度。本文同时从实际信号情况考虑，对目前主流的2个符号间隔插入的独特码结构提出了具体的应用建议，提高算法在具体应用背景下的检测性能和估计精度。本文重点分析了信噪比、频偏、独特码长度以及分布结构对算法性能的影响，并对不同条件下进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明，算法能够实现对较大频偏TDMA信号的高精度突发检测和频率的快速粗估计校正。      

WCDMA下行链路信道估计算法的性能分析及比较

在WCDMA／FDD第三代移动通信系统中，下行链路的信道估计有基于公共导频信道（CPICH）和基于时分复用导频符号两种方式。本文就分别基于这两种方式的信道估计算法进行了性能的分析和比较，并给出实现模型及仿真结果。     

Pilot Position Selection and Detection for Channel Estimation of SC-FDE

In this letter, we propose a simple pilot position selection/detection technique for channel estimation of single- carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE). Unlike the conventional channel estimation techniques such as frequency domain superimposed pilot technique (FDSPT), the proposed scheme selects the pilot positions to minimize the distortion of original signals caused by the loss of useful data tones in frequency domain. The corresponding receiver structure is also presented, where the pilot positions are blindly detected and the distorted data symbols are iteratively reconstructed. Simulation results show that the proposed system gives better BER performance than the FDSPT and approaches the lower bound of SC-FDE.     

An iterative maximum SINR receiver for multicarrier CDMA systems over a multipath fading channel with frequency offset

A robust iterative multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) receiver with adaptive multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression is proposed for a pilot symbols assisted system over a multipath fading channel with frequency offset. The design of the receiver involves a two-stage procedure. First, an adaptive filter based on the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) technique is constructed at each finger to perform despreading and suppression of MAI. Second, pilot symbols assisted frequency offset estimation, channel estimation and a RAKE combining give the estimate of signal symbols. In order to enhance the convergence behavior of the GSC adaptive filters, a decisions-aided scheme is proposed, in which the signal waveform is first reconstructed and then subtracted from the input data of the adaptive filters. With signal subtraction, the proposed MC-CDMA receiver can achieve nearly the performance of the ideal maximum signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio receiver assuming perfect channel and frequency offset information. Finally, a low-complexity partially adaptive (PA) realization of the GSC adaptive filters is presented as an alternative to the conventional multiuser detectors. The new PA receiver is shown to be robust to multiuser channel estimation errors and offer nearly the same performance of the fully adaptive receiver.     

一种新的导频符号辅助下的信道衰落估计方法

本文提出一种新的导频符号辅助下的信道衰落估计方法。它同时利用导频符号和数据符号进行信道衰落估计和补偿,而不同于传统的信道衰落估计只利用导频符号的信息。此方法具有实现简单,延时小的优点。针对16PSK和16QAM调制方式作了仿真,结果显示导频符号辅助下的16QAM的性能优于16PSK,采用信道衰落估计与相干检测结合的16PSK性能又好于采用差分检测的16PSK的性能。     

On the performance of a maximum likelihood method with delayed correlation for the coarse carrier frequency offset estimation of OFDM signals with multiple preamble symbols

Estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is an important issue in the design of a wireless receiver that employs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. In this paper, using the ten short training symbols specified in the signal format of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN, we investigate the performance of a coarse CFO estimation scheme for OFDM signals with multiple preamble symbols. This scheme, which we call DC-ML, employs the maximum likelihood (ML) method with delayed correlation (DC). For AWGN channels under moderate signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions, we develop an analysis to evaluate the variance of estimation error (VEER). The analysis is corroborated in light of simulations, and compared with the formulated Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). VEER of the DC-ML in a multipath environment is studied via simulations. Numerical results show that a certain parameter combination can result in minimum VEER. Simulation results justify that the probability of estimation error (PEER) approximates Gaussian distribution in both AWGN and multipath scenarios. We also present a Two-Branch DC-ML (TBDC-ML) scheme, which comprises two correlation branches of DC-ML, and an associative ambiguity resolution algorithm. Numerical examples reveal that TBDC-ML outperforms DC-ML in both VEER and PEER. Assuming that the estimation error resulting from the two branches is jointly Gaussian, we derive the joint probability density function (pdf) and validate it via simulations.     

Superimposed Pilot Aided Multiuser Channel Estimation for MIMO‐OFDM Uplinks

This letter addresses the superimposed pilot aided multiuser channel estimation for the uplinks of multi‐input multi‐output orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems. To mitigate the embedded‐data effects on the performance of channel estimation, a novel combining algorithm is proposed. Optimal pilot symbols are developed with respect to the least square channel estimate's mean square error. The averaged sum‐capacity lower bound is derived and simulated. Simulation results show that on a low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime, our proposed scheme achieves better performance and higher capacity than the conventional pilot aided approach.     

Pilot symbol-assisted detection of CPM schemes operating in fastfading channels

We present a coherent detection technique for continuous phase modulation (CPM) operating in the Rayleigh flat fading channel. The technique is based on the idea of inserting periodically data dependent pilot symbols that force the CPM signal to pass through known phase states. This transmission format enables the receiver to extract from the received signal the channel fading gains at regularly spaced instants. When coupled with proper channel estimation filters, very accurate channel state information (CSI) can be estimated at the receiver for fading compensation. Moreover, the accuracy of the CSI can be further refined by adopting a multiple-pass decoding approach. The paper discusses (a) the pilot symbol encoding technique required to force a M-level CPM scheme with a modulation index of p/M, p is an integer, to return periodically to a set of known phase states, (b) the optimal channel estimation filters, (c) a trellis-based precoding technique that can reduce the bit error rate in M-level CPM systems by close to 50%, and (d) a multiple-pass channel estimator/demodulator. Analytical and simulation results are presented for minimum shift keying (MSK), Gaussian MSK, and four-level continuous phase frequency shift keying with a modulation index of 1/4. It is observed that our pilot symbol-assisted CPM schemes exhibit no irreducible error floor even at a channel fade rate of three percent the symbol rate. The implicit phase coding in CPM and the accurate CSI provided by the pilot symbols lead to a diversity effect in the bit error rate curves of these modulation schemes