应变速率和温度对炉冷态TA15钛合金在α+β两相区压缩变形行为的影响

用Thermecmastor-Z型热模拟试验机对炉冷态TA15钛合金进行了变形温度为750～950℃、应变速率为0.00 1～10 S-1的热压缩试验,研究了应变速率和温度对该合金在α+β两相区流变应力和显微组织的影响.结果表明:随变形温度升高、应变速率降低,炉冷态TA15钛合金的流变应力下降;同时α相含量减少,晶内与晶界α相差别消失,α相发生球化;较佳的锻造工艺参数为温度850～950℃,应变速率0.001～0.01 S-1.     

热拉伸变形及固溶时效处理对TC4-DT钛合金显微组织的影响

分别在α+β两相区(925℃)、近β两相区(960℃)、准β单相区(995℃)对TC4-DT钛合金进行等温恒应变速率热拉伸变形,再进行920,940,960,980℃固溶和550,720℃时效热处理,研究了其流变应力的变化趋势和不同工艺处理后的显微组织。结果表明:在拉伸变形初期,流变应力迅速增大至峰值后缓慢减小,同时流变应力降幅随变形温度的升高而减小;拉伸变形温度越高或变形量越大,组织中初生α相量越少,针状α相越多,形成的片层组织越多;经960,995℃拉伸变形和不同温度固溶处理后,固溶温度越高,析出的针状α相越多,越易形成片层组织;经拉伸变形、固溶和时效处理后的显微组织和时效处理前的差别不大,但在针状α相间的β相上析出了次生α相,且时效温度越高,针状α相越粗大,片层组织越明显。     

应变速率对304奥氏体不锈钢应变硬化行为的影响

304不锈钢属于非稳态奥氏体不锈钢,在应变强化过程中,应变温度、应变速率、应变量等均可改变应变诱发马氏体的转变量和转变速率及内部组织滑移线、形变孪晶、位错和层错密度的转变量和转变速率,从而表现出不同的应变硬化行为。针对304奥氏体不锈钢,主要从应变速率敏感指数、应变硬化指数两方面,研究了应变速率对其室温应变硬化行为的影响。     

选区激光熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金在高应变速率下力学性能的有限元模拟

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)技术制备Ti-6Al-4V合金,经真空退火热处理和热等静压处理后,研究了合金准静态和高应变速率(500~3000s^-1)下的力学性能;对双线性材料模型进行标定,将所得到的材料参数应用于霍普金森压缩试验的有限元模拟中,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明:经真空退火和热等静压处理后,SLM成形合金的组织为α相和β相,呈网篮组织形貌;与准静态条件下的相比,在高应变速率下SLM成形合金的断后伸长率得到明显提高;模拟得到的归一化真应力-真应变曲线与试验得到的相吻合,平均相对误差为2.5%,其材料参数可用于后续的瞬态冲击仿真分析中。     

B10铜镍合金的室温压缩变形加工硬化行为

在应变速率为0.01 s^-1下对B10铜镍合金进行室温压缩变形试验,最大变形量为50%,研究了其显微组织演变和加工硬化行为,利用修正的Ludwik模型描述了试验合金真应力-真应变曲线。结果表明：试验合金在压缩过程中发生加工硬化,其加工硬化率随真应变增加持续降低,但下降速率变缓;随着变形量增加,试验合金的晶粒拉长,晶粒内部出现变形带和高密度位错,孪晶数量增加,塑性变形机制由位错强化机制逐渐转化为位错强化和变形孪晶的综合强化机制;修正的Ludwik模型σ=Kε^{m+nln ε}可以准确描述试验合金的真应力-真应变曲线,相关系数为0.98。     

AZ61镁合金的热压缩变形行为及组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机对AZ61镁合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下进行热压缩模拟试验,研究了合金的热压缩变形行为和组织演变。结果表明:AZ61合金在热压缩变形过程中的流变行为可用Arrhenius关系曲线来表示,合金的应力指数为5.096,热变形激活能为147.262kJ·mol-1;在相同的变形温度下,合金的再结晶程度随应变速率的增加而增大;在低应变速率(0.001~1s-1)下变形时,再结晶主要发生在初始晶界上,在高应变速率(10s-1)下变形时,再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生;在相同的应变速率下,再结晶程度和再结晶晶粒尺寸均随变形温度的升高而增大。     

Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力研究

在温度765～915℃、应变速率0．0011～0．33s^-1的试验条件下，测定了两种热处理状态的Cu-15Ni-8Sn(Zr)合金的高温压缩变形流动应力，并进行了分析。结果表明，应变速率和变形温度影响合金流动应力，流动应力随变形温度升高而降低，随应变速率提高而增大。在相同变形条件和变形程度下，固溶处理的试样要比未固溶处理试样的流动应力小。其它条件不变时，变形温度越高，或者应变速率越低，材料越容易发生动态回复和动态再结晶。     

不同速率变形后WE54合金的显微组织及力学性能

对T4态和T6态WE54合金进行准静态压缩变形和空气锤锻(高速)变形试验,研究了变形前后的显微组织、硬度和压缩性能.结果表明:T4态和T6态WE54合金在准静态变形和高速变形后,部分变形晶粒内出现孪晶,并且在一些粗大孪晶内形成了二次孪晶,孪晶出现平行排列和交割特征;不同速率变形后T4态和T6态合金的变形晶粒尺寸未发生明显变化,但新生成的孪晶由于切割基体细化了组织,有助于维氏硬度和压缩性能的提高;与准静态变形相比,高速变形能够促进晶粒采用孪生机制协调变形,产生更多的孪晶界细化组织,提升变形后合金的硬度和屈服强度.     

Fe-1.6%Si无取向硅钢的热变形与相变规律

采用Gleeble1500型热力试验机对Fe-1.6%Si无取向硅钢进行了热模拟试验,得到了该钢静态和动态CCT曲线以及在不同应变速率和温度下的应力-应变曲线;通过峰值应力与温度变化曲线,得到了相变开始和结束的温度区间。结果表明:随着冷却速率的增大,相变温度降低,动态CCT曲线中的奥氏体向铁素体的转变温度比静态CCT曲线中的高,1 041℃以上为奥氏体区,1 041～955℃为奥氏体和铁素体两相区,955℃以下为铁素体区;建立了该钢在奥氏体区、铁素体区以及奥氏体-铁素体两相区变形抗力的数学模型,该钢的流变应力通常随变形程度和应变速率的增加而增大。     

GH4169高温合金的动态力学行为及其本构关系

采用材料试验机对GH4169高温合金光滑试样与缺口试样进行应变速率为0.000 1～0.010 0s-1下的室温准静态拉伸试验,再利用分离式霍普金森拉、压杆装置进行温度为20～400℃、应变速率为1×102～4×103 s-1下的动态拉伸、压缩试验,得到准静态和动态下的真应力-真应变曲线与失效应变;根据试验数据,采用分步拟合法确定了Johnson-Cook材料模型和失效模型参数,基于Johnson-Cook模型对动态压缩行为进行模拟,并进行试验验证。结果表明:GH4169高温合金的屈服强度随应变速率的增大而增大,随试验温度的升高而降低,该合金具有应变速率强化效应和温度软化效应;模拟结果与试验结果吻合得较好,真应力-真应变曲线的最大相对误差为5.91%,表明经修正后的Johnson-Cook模型可较好地描述GH4169高温合金的动态力学行为。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.