用核空间距离聚类约简大规模SVM训练集

针对支持向量机在大规模数据集上训练效率慢问题,本文提出了一种基于核空间距离聚类的支持向量机减样方法;首先引入核空间的距离公式,实现核空间的高维数据聚类,通过聚类约减训练集中大量非支持向量,达到减样目的,减少训练时间。实验结果表明新训练数据集算法具有更快的训练速度以及更高的分类精度。     

一种基于支持向量聚类的图像分割方法

利用支持向量聚类分类准确、参数少、无监督学习的特点,提出一种基于支持向量聚类的图像分割方法。该方法首先对数据集分块并对每块进行SVC聚类,再取其簇内均值作为K均值聚类样本点,进行聚类,最后将得到的结果进行合并。实验证明该方法不但改变了传统分割方法中人为选取阈值参数的作法,而且受目标和噪声影响小,提高了图像分割的鲁棒性和效果,能够有效地进行图像分割。     

支持向量机优化基于K-means的蚁群聚类算法

基于K-means算法思想改进蚁群聚类算法聚类规则,提出一种新的K-means蚁群聚类算法,并通过实验验证其聚类效果;引入具有全局最优性的支持向量机SVM,取各类中心附近适当数据训练支持向量机,然后利用已获模型对整个数据集进行重新分类,进一步优化聚类结果,使聚类结果达到全局最优。UCI数据集实验结果表明,新的算法可以明显提高聚类质量。     

基于模糊C-均值聚类的支持向量机

支持向量机针对大规模数据集学习问题的处理需要耗费很长的时间,提出一种数据预处理的方法对学习样本进行聚 类,以此为基础得到一种模糊支持向量机.计算机仿真结果表明提出的SVM算法与传统的SVM训练算法相比,在不降低分 类精度的情况下,大大缩短了支持向量机的学习训练时间.     

一种聚簇消减大规模数据的支持向量分类算法

针对支持向量分类机对大规模数据集训练速度慢的瓶颈,提出一种聚簇消减数据集方法.首先建立样本中心距离函数,计算聚簇集的比例半径,然后利用聚簇集镜像扫描样本点确定簇集类,同一类样本特性的聚簇集中只保留代表样本点,建立异类点删除矩阵,通过上述方法消减样本集.证明了这种簇消减算法有较低的时间复杂度,并利用实验说明了保留代表点的有效意义.最后通过随机数据和UCI标准数据库验证了算法在保证分类精度的同时提高了分类速度.     

基于核模糊聚类的多模型LSSVM回归建模

针对大规模数据采用单模型回归存在精度差和计算量较大的问题,提出一种基于核模糊聚类的多模型最小二乘支持向量回归建模方法.该方法首先使用基于条件正定核的模糊C均值聚类算法对数据集做出聚类划分;然后针对每个聚类做最小二乘支持向量回归估计;同时根据每个聚类内数据分布的特征,给出了一种简单的核参数选择方法.利用数值仿真实验进行非线性函数估计,实验结果表明了所提出的方法具有良好的精度和泛化能力.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的非平衡分布数据分类

支持向量机是在统计学习理论基础上发展起来的一种十分有效的分类方法。然而当两类样本数量相差悬殊时,会引起支持向量机分类能力的下降。为了提高支持向量机的非平衡数据分类能力,文章分析了最小二乘支持向量机的本质特征,提出了一种非平衡数据分类算法。在UCI标准数据集上进行的实验表明,该算法能够有效提高支持向量机对非均衡分布数据的正确性,尤其对于大规模训练集的情况,该算法在保证不损失训练精度的前提下,使训练速度有较大提高。     

一种新的模糊支持向量机

基于类中心设计隶属度函数的模糊支持向量机能有效地解决支持向量机对噪声或孤立点敏感度高的问题,但是,由于它对支持向量赋予较小的隶属度,从而降低了其分类作用。基于此,提出一种新的隶属度函数设计方法;同时,针对模糊支持向量机普遍存在因核函数计算量大,而导致训练时间长的问题,通过使用一种高效的截集模糊C-均值聚类方法对训练样本进行聚类,然后以聚类中心作为样本进行训练,以减少训练样本来提高训练速度。根据上述新的隶属度函数设计方法和截集模糊C-均值聚类方法,构建了一种基于截集模糊C-均值聚类并改进了隶属度函数的模糊支持向量机,数值试验表明这种新的模糊支持向量机有效地提高了训练速度和分类精度。     

结合SOFM的改进CLARA聚类算法

介绍了自组织特征映射（SOFM）算法及大规模应用聚类（CLARA）算法的基本思想,提出了一种首先利用SOFM算法对数据集进行粗聚类,确定簇的数目k和神经元的连接权向量,然后从数据集中找出与SOFM算法的神经元的连接权向量最相似的k个代表点作为CLARA算法的k个代表点的初始值的改进CLARA算法。实验结果表明,改进算法具有更高的聚类效率和更好的聚类质量。     

基于中间分类超平面的SVM入侵检测

在网络入侵检测中,大规模数据集会导致支持向量机(SVM)方法训练时间长、检测速度慢。针对该问题,提出一种基于中间分类超平面的SVM入侵检测方法。通过对正常和攻击样本的聚类分析,定义聚类簇中心的边界面接近度因子,实现对标准SVM二次式的改进;用簇中心对其训练,获取一个接近最优超平面的中间分类超平面;确定距离阈值,以选取潜在支持向量,实现训练样本的缩减。在KDDCUP1999数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与聚类支持向量机方法相比,该方法能简化训练样本,提高SVM的训练和检测速度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.