ZT4合金石墨熔模铸件的表面沾污层

前言 钛合金采用熔模精密铸造工艺成型,可减少机械加工量,提高金属利用率,降低成本。但各种型壳对钛合金铸件表面都有程度不同的沾污,形成硬而脆的表面沾污层。表面沾污层对钛合金机械性能的强烈影响,已成为熔模铸件的主要缺点之一。因此,本文通过金相、X射线结构分析、离子探针表层分析和化学成分     

《铝合金铸造工艺》说明书航空标准已审定通过

《铝合金铸造工艺》航空标准已于1991年12月15日在无锡审定通过。 本标准共分铝合金砂型铸造、铝合金金属型铸造、铝合金低压铸造、铝合金压力铸造、铝合金熔模壳形精密铸造、铝合金石膏型精密铸造、铝合金铸件浸渗等7个分标准,约8万字,该标准内容丰富,基本上包括了我部铝合金     

含细长孔ZTC4/TA2钛合金铸件界面熔合效果研究

目的 研究镶铸复合机理和钛合金镶铸件的界面熔合效果。方法 采用熔模精密铸造和镶铸技术复合的方法制备含细长孔的钛合金铸件,通过酸洗减薄管体壁厚的方式增加镶铸比,探讨镶铸比对铸件组织、界面及熔合率的影响,并分析管体被熔透的临界壁厚值。结果 铸件基体组织主要由片状的α相和残余的β晶界构成,管体是片状的魏氏体组织。铸件界面熔合率随着镶铸比增加而增大。在本实验条件下,当铸件为8︰1时,铸件熔合率超过80%;当镶铸比超过15︰1时,铸件内部管体出现熔透现象。结论 采用熔模精密铸造和镶铸技术复合的方法可制备含细长孔的钛合金铸件,并且通过减薄管体的方式可提高铸件界面熔合率。     

熔模精密铸造TiAl基金属间化合物研究进展

TiA1基金属间化合物作为一种新型轻质高温结构材料,在航空航天和汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。熔模精密铸造是当前普遍采用的制备TiAl基金属间化合物的方法。主要介绍了熔模精密铸造TiA1基合金的铸件以及型壳用粘结剂及耐火材料的发展现状,TiA1合金的熔炼技术及最新研究进展,并对TiAl基金属间化合物熔模精密铸造技术的不足进行了分析并提出了展望。     

复杂铝合金结构件复合型整体精密铸造方法研究

以某电子舱铸件为例,阐述了一种复合型芯整体精密铸造方法.铸造时,壁薄难成形的部位采用熔模壳型,保证其充型完整;其他部位采用树脂砂型,保证其冶金质量和尺寸精度,从而获得了外形完整、组织致密、尺寸精度高的整体电子舱铸件.     

汽车排气管设计中低压铸造工艺的改进研究

低压铸造作为一种生产效率、能源利用率更高的铸工艺对于铸造领域特别是汽车生产制造中具有显著的优势,为了进一步改进这一工艺的应用,文中对汽车排气管采用了这一技术进行设计,主要完成了以下研究内容:对排气管的低压铸造浇注工艺进行了设计计算,确定了工艺的充型速度、充型压力、增压和增压速度、结壳时间等参数;在对设计铸件进行有限元模拟中发现铸件有缩松缺陷,采用用低压模式实现了内浇口改进。工艺设计结果表明:低压铸造的排气管的铸件机械性能得到改善,表面粗糙度符合要求且尺寸较准确,底注式充型同传统的比重型铸造,产品合格率得到提高。这一研究对于低压铸造工艺在汽车领域进一步推广具有一定的借鉴价值。     

熔模精密铸造技术研究进展

熔模精密铸造是一种原料利用率高的近净成形技术,适合难加工类零件和复杂薄壁件的精密成形,是航空航天、先进制造等领域高附加值精密部件的重要生产技术。以高温合金、钛合金和钛铝金属间化合物为例,概述了熔模精密铸造技术在航空发动机叶片领域的应用,综述了型壳材料与型芯成形等技术的发展历史与研究现状。主要围绕耐火材料介绍了高温合金、钛合金等金属精密铸造型壳技术的特性与优缺点,重点介绍了氧化物陶瓷型壳的发展情况,最后结合金属-陶瓷界面反应和铸件氧含量控制这两个突出问题,评述了熔模精密铸造技术目前存在的难题与发展前景。     

美国熔模精铸件市场情况及其预测

在铸造工艺领域中,熔模精密铸造法具有独特的优点,近年来发展又很迅速,因此熔模精铸件对于众多的军用和民用工业部门具有巨大的吸引力。资料表明,在近年来的铸造市场上,熔模精铸件独树一帜,呈现一派欣欣向荣的景象,而且仍将继续保持这种势头。本文根据美国矿业局、统计局以及美国熔模铸造学会发表的资料介绍美国历年来熔模精密铸件市场情况并展望其发展趋势。     

钛铝低压涡轮叶片熔模铸造精确成形及冶金缺陷分析

目的 研究不同浇冒口设置对TiAl低压涡轮叶片的成形的影响及叶片冶金缺陷形成的原因。方法 采用熔模精铸方法,通过设计顶注式重力铸造浇注系统,采用冷坩埚感应熔炼炉进行TiAl叶片浇注实验,采用目视和X射线检验方法分析叶片铸件表面及内部缺陷,并结合金属凝固理论分析缺陷形成原因。结果 合理的浇口和排气孔设置有效避免了因熔体流动性差造成的叶片充型不完整,以及凝固收缩导致的应力开裂等问题,浇注出成形完整的铸造叶片;叶冠与叶身端部转角部位充型凝固过程中形成热节,容易出现贯穿性疏松缺陷;树脂基熔模焙烧后残留的碳黑在熔体充型凝固过程中,与面层中的ZrO2反应生产CO,导致叶身出现聚集性皮下气孔;由于凝固收缩引起叶身与铸型分离,降低横向散热能力,导致叶盆部位出现表面疏松。结论 通过浇注合理的浇注系统设置可实现TiAl叶片完整充型,疏松缺陷控制为进一步提高叶片质量的关键。     

RLS耐热铸造不锈钢燃烧器精密制造

RLS燃烧器是石油高新加热装备中的最核心关建零部件,铸件材质为耐热铸造不锈钢。燃烧器的内部形为状环状,是一个有8条细长窄缝的环形封闭室的压力容器,它的结构比较特殊,铸件壁厚也不均。而使用硅溶胶精密铸造工艺铸造,受熔模精密铸造工艺的局限性,模具制造、蜡件制造、模壳制造、铸件清理的制造工艺难度太大,产品的成功率很低。本文通过对铸件的铸造工艺性分析,汽腔被分割设计成汽腔芯和汽腔体,巧妙设计了汽腔芯的8条细长窄缝模具和制模工艺。通过先分后合工艺方法,解决了耐热铸造不锈钢燃烧器环形封闭汽室的细长窄缝蜡件和铸件的制造问题,使产品满足了要求。     

三维金属微构件的微熔模精密铸造成形

利用微铸造工艺低成本制备具有三维复杂结构的微金属构件是微细加工技术的发展方向之一。文章利用超声细化工艺改进了现有的微熔模铸造铸型,获得了具有纳米微结构的低表面粗糙度（Ra-0.22μm）的微熔模型壳,并实际离心浇注成形了直径仅为100μm,长径比达到200的微细圆丝Zn-4Al合金微铸件,微铸件的表面粗糙度仅为Ra-0.51μm,且成形完整。     

Characterization of Al–Mn particles in AZ91D investment castings

Manganese is currently added to Mg–Al alloys in order to improve the corrosion behavior of cast components. A part of this manganese is dissolved in the magnesium matrix and the balance is found as fine Al(Mn,Fe) particles dispersed within castings. For AZ91D specimens prepared using the plaster mould investment casting process, these particles were observed in very large quantity at the surface of castings. These particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. It was found that they consist of Al₈Mn₅ phase and that their morphology and size depend on local solidification conditions. Their presence at the surface of the castings is related to low solidification rates and reduced thermal gradients at the mould/metal interface.     

电磁搅拌作用下CoCrMo合金熔模铸件凝固细晶研究

目的 研究电磁搅拌对CoCrMo合金熔模铸件晶粒尺寸的影响,解决熔模铸造CoCrMo合金铸件晶粒粗大的问题。方法 将CoCrMo合金熔化后,在其凝固过程中分别施加不同工艺参数的电磁搅拌,并对其凝固后的组织进行表征分析。同时,采用有限元法对电磁搅拌在金属熔体中的电磁场和流场进行数值模拟。结果 在不同的电磁搅拌参数下,CoCrMo合金铸件凝固组织出现了不同程度的细晶效果,浇道处的细晶效果优于铸件试棒处的。铸件试棒处的晶粒尺寸最小能控制在1 mm以下,等轴晶率最高能提升至31%。数值模拟结果表明,在电磁搅拌过程中,铸件试棒的磁场、电流和洛伦兹力都呈周期性变化,铸件试棒内部的流速随搅拌时间的延长而增大,最后趋于稳定。结论 电磁搅拌对CoCrMo合金的凝固组织产生了明显的细化效果,促进了柱状晶向等轴晶转变。电磁搅拌的时间越长,铸件凝固组织的细化效果越好,铸件厚大部位的细晶效果越显著。结合实验结果和数值模拟结果发现,在电磁搅拌过程中,熔体流动引发枝晶断裂是晶粒细化的主要原因,而电磁场促进异质形核为次要原因。     

Interfacial reactions between AZ91D magnesium alloy and plaster mould material during investment casting

Abstract

Reactions at the mould/metal interface play an important role in determining the quality of investment castings. They are particularly critical in the case of magnesium alloys cast in industrial plaster moulds. In this work, reactions of molten magnesium alloy with plaster mould were studied. First the potential interactions with mould materials (including gases) were examined using thermodynamic considerations. Then thin sheets of AZ91D magnesium alloy were cast in industrial plaster moulds using vacuum assistance: the surface of sheets and plaster mould were characterised. The analysis of reaction products indicates that magnesium vapours diffuse through the plaster and reduce the silica present in the investment material according to the following reaction: 4Mg + SiO₂=2MgO + Mg₂Si. The extent of reactions is controlled by mould temperature and thickness of castings.     

Numerical Simulation of Solidification Process on Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy Investment Castings

Bridgman directional solidification of investment castings is a key technology for the production of reliable and highly efficient gas turbine blades. In this paper, a mathematical model for three-dimensional （3D） simulation of solidification process of single crystal investment castings was developed based on basic heat transfer equations. Complex heat radiation among the multiple blade castings and the furnace wall was considered in the model. Temperature distribution and temperature gradient in superalloy investment castings of single blade and multiple ones were investigated, respectively. The calculated cooling curves were compared with the experimental results and agreed well with the latter. It is indicated that the unsymmetrical temperature distribution and curved liquid-solid interface caused by the circle distribution of multiple turbine blades are probably main reasons why the stray grain and other casting defects occur in the turbine blade.     

Parametric optimization of surface roughness castings produced by Evaporative Pattern Casting process

In the present paper Taguchi's approach has been applied to the Evaporative Pattern Casting (EPC) process of Al–7%Si alloy to determine the most influential control factors which will provide better and consistent surface roughness to the castings regardless of the noise factors present. In order to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as grain fineness number, time of vibration, degree of vacuum and pouring temperature on surface roughness of EPC process castings, the Taguchi parameter design and optimization approach is used. Through the Taguchi's parameter design approach, optimal levels of process parameters have been determined. The results indicated that the grain fineness number, time of vibration, degree of vacuum were the significant parameters in deciding the surface roughness of Al–7%Si alloy castings. Pouring temperature was the insignificant parameter. The predicted optimal value of surface roughness of Al–7%Si alloy castings produced by EPC process was 2.31 μm. The results were confirmed by further experiments.     

精铸型壳的增材制造技术研究进展

增材制造技术用于精密铸造领域,可以满足市场对精密铸件的短周期、个性化、多样化、柔性制造的需求.增材制造技术可以制作树脂模型代替蜡模进行精密铸造,但更高效的方法是用增材制造技术直接制备精铸型壳.目前可用于制备精铸型壳的增材制造技术主要有三维打印法(3DP)、选择性激光烧结法(SLS)、光固化成形法(SLA)以及浆料挤出法...     

用铸渗工艺对消失模铸件件进行表面合金化的研究

利用干砂消失模铸造工艺,对铸铁件表面合金化铸渗机理进行了研究,通过建立数学模型,对铸渗过程中铁水传输进行了理论分析,给出了铸渗量与浇口的大气压力、铁水静压力、渣液阻力及附加压力的关系,提出了铸渗量大小主要取决于铸渗孔道半径的新观点,用正交试验对合金涂层中合金粉粒度,合金粉加入量、溶剂加入量及涂层中聚苯乙烯泡沫加入量等进行了考证,得出最佳工艺配方为：合金粉粒度75－100目,泡沫加入量30％－50％（ψ（B））;溶剂加入量4％,在配制涂料时,适当加入一定量泡沫珠粒,有利于母液透,这与理论推导结果相符,易获得3mm以上合金层厚度,合金层具有珠江体基体及大量M7C3碳化物,并且有高硬度及高抗磨性。     

Effects of cooling rate control during the solidification process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy used for surgical implants

Both dendritic structure and equiaxed grain structure are produced in cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy by control of the cooling rate of castings during the solidification process, to determine whether a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the alloy can be obtained. The different structural characteristics of the two kinds of casting are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile and fatigue tests as well as hardness measurement are carried out using individually cast test-pieces. Fracture surface appearance characteristics of tensile and fatigue specimens are also studied. It is concluded that the mechanical properties, including both transient and permanent properties, of the equiaxed grain structure castings obtained by fast cooling are superior to those found in the coarse dendritic structure castings.     

T4 热处理对石膏型 AZ91 铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响

用石膏型熔模铸造技术,成功制备了AZ91镁合金铸件.用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)以及电子万能实验机等,研究了AZ91镁合金铸态及T4热处理态的显微组织演变和力学性能.结果表明,分布在铸态AZ91镁合金晶界的网状β-Mg17Al12相在T4热处理过程中逐渐溶解,铸态和T4热处理态中均存在大量的A18Mn5化合物,T4处理后,其力学性能显著提高.