酶促大豆油脱胶的研究

探讨了大豆毛油在脱胶过程中利用LecitaseNovo磷脂酶作催化剂水解磷脂分子，在温和的条件下将毛油中水合的和非水合磷脂转变成溶血磷脂，从而能够用离心操作使其与水相一起被分离出来。通过对酶浓度、反应温度、反应时间、水分含量、pH值、搅拌速度等多项单因素的考查，得到大豆毛油的酶法脱胶工艺，该法的工艺参数为：酶浓度42μL／kg、反应温度42～44℃、反应时间2h、水分含量为1．2％左右、pH4．5、搅拌速度为120r／min，经离心分离去除胶质，可得到高质量的大豆磷酯和脱胶油．     

磷脂酶A_2水解大豆浓缩磷脂的研究(I) 富水相的水解及反应速度的测定

研究了磷脂酶A2 在水相 (富水 )中水解大豆浓缩磷脂 ,经过正交试验得到最佳工艺条件 :底物浓度 10 %,反应温度 5 5℃ ,pH值 8.5 ,Ca2 +浓度 0 .2mol/L。反应的水解率在 75 %～ 85 %。并研究了水解时间和水解速度的关系。     

大豆油酶法脱胶的生产应用

以大豆毛油为原料,添加磷脂酶进行酶法脱胶,通过生产实际应用,确定酶法脱胶工艺参数为:磷脂酶A1和磷脂酶C混合酶用量45 mg/kg,pH 5,加水量2％,反应温度52℃,反应时间2h.在此条件下,脱胶油磷含量可降至5 mg/kg,精炼成品油总磷含量可降至1.4 mg/kg,非水化磷脂去除率达到99.3％以上,精炼成品油得率可达97.3％.对比特殊脱胶方法,精炼成品油经济效益提高了74.42元/t.     

磷脂酶C用于大豆油脱胶的工艺优化

用磷脂酶C对大豆毛油进行实验室模拟脱胶.研究了pH、反应温度、加水量、加酶量、反应时间、搅拌速度对大豆毛油脱胶效果的影响,采用正交试验对脱胶工艺条件进行优化.结果表明,大豆毛油脱胶最佳工艺条件为:加酶量30 mg/kg,反应温度50℃,反应时间1h,pH5.0,加水量2％,搅拌速度200 r/min.在此条件下得到的脱胶大豆油磷含量为17.8 mg/kg,为大豆油酶法脱胶开辟了新途径.     

高纯度大豆粉末磷脂制取工艺的研究

本项目以大豆浓缩磷脂为原料 ,丙酮为溶剂 ,采用溶剂比为 1∶12～ 18(浓缩磷脂 :丙酮 )的量 ,连续投料 ,高效混合 ,循环萃取的方法脱油 :脱油后的磷脂混合液在密闭的条件下离心分离 ;分离出的混合油经蒸发、冷凝回收毛油及丙酮 ,若丙酮含水高则经精馏塔精馏后再循环使用 ,含溶固体物在真空度 75 0mmHg、温度 6 0℃、时间约 2h的工艺技术条件下干燥 ,制得丙酮不溶物含量大于 95 %以上的高纯度大豆粉末磷脂产品。不但产品质量达到国内外指标 ,而且显示出良好的亲水性能 ,成为优良的天然食品添加剂和保健品     

饱和蒸汽对大豆豆瓣中磷脂酶D的影响

以经破碎处理后的大豆豆瓣为研究对象,经加热软化后通过饱和蒸汽湿热处理,研究该过程对大豆豆瓣中磷脂酶D的影响,以降低浸出毛油中非水化磷脂的含量。大豆豆瓣的软化温度为65℃,软化20 min后,采用响应面法Box-Behnken优化饱和蒸汽处理最佳参数,发现豆瓣破碎为6瓣、饱和蒸汽温度为110℃、通汽时间为2 min时,大豆豆瓣的磷脂酶D活性为0.54 U/mg·min,此时大豆豆瓣中蛋白的氮溶解指数为87.2%,经萃取制得大豆毛油中非水化磷脂含量占总磷脂量2.3%,经水化脱胶油脂精炼率提高了0.36%。     

饱和蒸汽对大豆豆瓣中磷脂酶D影响的研究

以经破碎处理后的大豆豆瓣为研究对象,经加热软化后通过饱和蒸汽湿热处理,研究该过程对大豆豆瓣中磷脂酶D的影响,以降低浸出毛油中非水化磷脂的含量。大豆豆瓣的软化温度为65 ℃,软化20 min后,采用响应面法Box-Behnken优化饱和蒸汽处理最佳参数,发现豆瓣破碎为6瓣、饱和蒸汽温度为110 ℃、通汽时间为2 min时,大豆豆瓣的磷脂酶D活性为0.54(U/mg.min),此时大豆豆瓣中蛋白的氮溶解指数为87.2%,经萃取制得大豆毛油中非水化磷脂含量占总磷脂量2.3%,经水化脱胶油脂精炼率提高了0.36%。     

磷脂酶A2水解大豆浓缩磷脂的研究(Ⅰ)富水相的水解及反应速度的测定

研究了磷脂酶A2在水相(富水)中水解大豆浓缩磷脂，经过正交试验得到最佳工艺条件：底物浓度10％，反应温度55℃，pH值8．5，Ca^2 浓度0．2mol／L。反应的水解率在75％～85％。并研究了水解时间和水解速度的关系。     

芝麻油浓缩磷脂提取工艺条件的研究

以水代法和机榨法制取的芝麻毛油静置沉淀后的底部沉淀物（即芝麻油脚）为原料,利用正己烷萃取除杂、水化浓缩及絮凝分离的方法从中提取芝麻油浓缩磷脂,并对水化浓缩和絮凝分离的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明：正己烷萃取除杂（条件为料液比1∶8、时间6 h、温度25℃）后芝麻油脚中固体不溶性杂质含量从21.25%降低至0.04%;水化浓缩的最佳条件为水与萃取除杂油脚质量比4.5∶1、水化时间40 min、水化温度85℃,水化浓缩后丙酮不溶物含量从3.41%提高至45.87%;絮凝分离的最佳条件为预热温度40℃、反应温度90℃、NaCl添加量3%、反应时间20 min,所得浓缩磷脂的丙酮不溶物含量为56.82%。     

磷脂酶A1对大豆毛油脱胶效果的影响

以大豆毛油为原料,研究磷脂酶A1 添加量、柠檬酸溶液添加量、脱胶温度和脱胶时间对脱胶效果以及中性油脂肪酸和甘油酯组成的影响。结果表明,磷脂酶A1 脱胶的最佳反应条件为20 mg/100 g 油的磷脂酶A1、0.15 mL 45% 柠檬酸溶液、50 ℃脱胶温度、4 h 反应时间。在最佳的脱胶工艺条件下,磷脂酶A1 脱胶中性油中含磷量降至0.47 mg/kg,油脂得率（95.55%）高于酸化脱胶中性油的得率（92.94%）。酶法脱胶中性油与毛油的脂肪酸和甘油酯组成相比,酶法脱胶中性油的脂肪酸组成没有明显变化,甘油酯组成中的甘一酯和甘二酯相对含量减少、甘三酯相对含量增加;与酸化脱胶油脚相比,磷脂酶A1 脱胶油脚中溶血磷脂（溶血磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺和溶血磷脂酰肌醇）的相对含量增加至48%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press