An electrochemical-based fuel-cell model suitable for electrical engineering automation approach

This paper presents a dynamic electrochemical model for representation, simulation, and evaluation of performance of small size generation systems emphasizing particularly proton exchange membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC) stacks. The results of the model are used to predict the output voltage, efficiency, and power of FCs as a function of the actual load current and of the constructive and operational parameters of the cells. Partial and total load insertion and rejection tests were accomplished to evaluate the dynamic response of the studied models. The results guarantee a better analytical performance of these models with respect to former ones with a consequent reduction in time and costs of projects using FCs as the primary source of energy. Additionally, this electrochemical model was tested for the SR-12 Modular PEM Generator, a stack rated at 500 W, manufactured by Avista Laboratories, for the Ballard Mark V FC and for the BCS 500-W stack.     

Historical perspective for electrical engineering education

Engineering education as we know it is quite recent. Although engineers have been important for millenia, schools were not needed until the eighteenth century. Then France and Germany began to train engineers on the university level. In the early nineteenth century, the ideas and methods of those countries were introduced by the United States in institutes of technology. Soon after the middle of the nineteenth century, the German plans for technical education began to be grafted onto our literary universities, which had largely followed the English model. American activity was heightened by the Land Grant Act passed by Congress and signed by Lincoln in 1862. Specialization within engineering had led to a separation of mechanical engineering from "civil" soon after the development of the steam engine. Electrical engineers split from mechanical engineers in the late nineteenth century. College curricula appeared and the AIEE was organized. The concepts of electricity held by such men as Faraday, Henry, and Maxwell are traced through the centuries. Henry's telegraph was followed by lights, motors, and generators. After Thompson's discovery of electrons, the thermionic valve and the audion appeared. The IRE was formed, and the "electronics" options appeared in college curricula. Both World Wars led to growths of technology which were rapidly absorbed into peacetime developments. Expansion continues. The AIEE and the IRE merged into the IEEE, indicating an interdependence, and the undergraduate college curricula show the same unity of concept between electrical power and information systems. Postgraduate curricula, on the other hand, show continually greater specialization. For the future, a general culture will surely require education in science and its applications. We must continue to train the practitioners of engineering, and in addition we must help educate all serious students. This double responsibility lies before us.     

电气自动化在电气工程中的应用研究

电气自动化技术术语电气工程中比较常用的技术之一,通过自动控制与检测功能的有效结合来实现对电气系统控制的适时调节与管理,达到电气系统的安全稳定性.近几年来,我国的电气自动化技术得到突破性的创新,使我国电气系统的自动化程度明显提高.如何进一步提升电气自动化技术的发展是目前研究电气自动化技术的重点.     

电气自动化在电气工程中的应用

科学技术的不断进步使得电气工程愈加向着自动化、智能化的方向发展,电气自动化目前已经成为电气工程中的热点问题,其发展前景广阔、应用范围广泛.本文立足于电气自动化于电气工程中的应用状况,阐述电气自动化在现阶段存在的不足之处,总结行之有效的发展策略,以供从事此方面研究或工作的人员参考.     

电气自动化技术在电气工程中的应用

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,我国的电气自动化技术应用越来越广泛,电气工程是我国的重要工程,其技术和设备的发展也具有重要的现实意义,电气自动化技术的发展能够对电气工程的合理化发展起到促进作用,我国的经济体系建设需要多种工程产业的发展来提供依据。文章研究了电气自动化技术在电气工程中的应用。     

电气自动化在电气工程中的应用分析

本文指出了电气自动化技术应用中存在技术水平低、技术创新能力差、技术管理制度不完善的问题,最后对电气工程中的电气自动化技术在PLC技术、远程监控及在线检修技术、智能化控制及故障检测技术、电网及变电站方面的技术等方面的应用进行了具体分析,研究结果对于电气自动化技术的应用具有一定的参考意义。     

Computer science in electrical engineering

The vital role that electrical engineering departments must play in providing undergraduates with special competence in computer sciences is explored. Three related problem areas are discussed: (1) meeting the needs of students majoring in computer sciences in electrical engineering; (2) balancing the treatment of continuous and discrete systems so that students have a background in discrete systems comparable to that which they now acquire in continuous systems; and (3) realizing wider and more effective use of the digital computer as a tool for analysis and design in all engineering courses. Specific suggestions for meeting these needs are offered.     

Planetary influences on electrical engineering

The author describes how Maxwell's equations are indebted to observations of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The electromagnetic relations were derived in terms of a medium with `small but real density' and with the capability of yielding elastically, but the mechanical origin to which the curl and div equations trace back is a surprise to many engineering students. Maxwell developed his ability to deal with waves by starting his career with a four-year study of the rings of Saturn, which constitute a rare, elastic medium subject to internal inverse-square forces. Applying the laws of motion, Maxwell deduced that electricity and magnetism should combine to support what he called an electromagnetic wave, whose velocity in that medium he could calculate. Meanwhile, observations of Jupiter's satellites revealed that light has a finite velocity. Knowing this value, Maxwell was able to propose that light itself might be electromagnetic. These foundations of modern electrical engineering thus rest firmly on astronomical observation of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Astronomy has continued to contribute to many branches of electrical engineering     

Integrating project-based learning throughout the undergraduate engineering curriculum

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. You may purchase this article from the Ask*IEEE Document Delivery Service at http://www.ieee.org/services/askieee/.     

电气自动化在电气工程中的应用和改进

电气工程中应用电气自动化技术可以显著改善电气工程运行效率及质量,在电气工程建设数量及规模不断扩展的当下,应通过电气自动化的综合应用,提高电气工程的自动化及智能化水平。文章以电气工程为对象,探究电气自动化在电气工程中的应用形式,总结电气自动化效率改进措施,希望可以起到抛砖引玉之作用。     

Genre in the field of computer science and computer engineering

Based on a study of nearly 200 international faculty in the field of computer science and computer engineering, roughly 90 written genres in the computing discipline are identified and organized according to five central aims in the profession: generation, procuration, dissemination, evaluation, and regulation. The importance of writing in the field is discussed, and recommendations for further research follow to encourage greater breadth and depth in the identification and study of generic corpora characteristic of specific professional communities. Benefits of such research assist students preparing to enter a profession, working professionals wishing to improve their writing in a profession, and writing specialists who offer training or editorial services for a profession     

Integrated electronics vs electrical engineering education

This paper is based on a survey which was made of representatives of industrial organizations, and which was intended to show potential changes in electrical-engineering skills required as a result of the impact of integrated electronics. The most significant result of the survey was a predicted shift in emphasis from circuits engineering toward systems engineering. Comments received during the survey, as interpreted by the authors, indicate that a broader base of knowledge will be required for all categories of engineering. At the same time, the fundamental background provided a student in his chosen field must be strengthened. Effects of the predicted changes on both the teaching and the research programs of universities are summarized in the paper. Finally, it is concluded that for both teaching and university research, a strong interaction between industry and university is essential.     

Where did electrical engineering begin?

The term "electrical engineering" was not in use in 1871 when the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was founded under its original name of "the Society of Telegraph Engineers". The electric telegraph was the major application of electricity then, and those engaged in electric lighting were called "electricians". At the opening meeting a leading telegraph engineer made the prophecy that "this Society will develop more into an electrical society than into a society of telegraphy proper." He was soon proved right. Within a few years, the Society was hearing papers on electric lighting, and in 1880 the words "and Electricians" were added to the title. The present name was adopted in 1888. According to Alexander Pelham Trotter (1857-1947), who joined the Institution in 1885, the existence of a new branch of engineering, "electrical engineering", became apparent in 1881 when the first International Electrical Exhibition was held in Paris. Trotter had been in Paris three years earlier for the 1878 Exhibition which, he said, had shown that electric lighting was developing. At that stage Trotter was an undergraduate at Cambridge, reading Natural Sciences. He graduated in 1879 and became an engineering apprentice with Easton and Anderson. It is not clear how he came to be actively involved with the 1881 exhibition, but he was there with the British delegation and took the opportunity of studying all the equipment on show.     

The evolution of scientific electrical engineering

The scientific concepts central to electrical engineering are traced historically. The work of early pioneers in mathematics and physics is examined briefly. The evolution of the field concept is discussed. The work of Heaviside and ensuing developments in loading coils, wave filters, electron tubes, Laplace transforms, waveguides, and solid-state electronics are described     

Michigan multioption program in electrical engineering

A multioption (three) program in electrical engineering is proposed to meet the needs of a rapidly advancing technology and a wide range of student interests and objectives. A specific program is described which includes a wide range of technical electives outside of electrical engineering, and also features a novel treatment of advanced mathematics for electrical engineering students in both the systems and science areas. An integrated humanities-social sciences program is additionally described.     

关于计算机软件开发工程管理研究

本文在分析软件产品特征的基础之上,对于软件工程管理过程当中涉及的控制、组织机构、文档资料、用户、人员等这些内容实施相应的讨论。     

岩土工程中计算机技术的应用概述

随着岩土工程技的发展,遇到的问题越来越多,问题深度越来越大,计算机技术在岩土工程中的应用也越来越广泛,包括岩土工程的勘察、设计、施工、监控、管理等各个领域,本文通过对相关软件的介绍并对未来计算机在岩土工程中的应用前景进行介绍。     

计算机软件工程项目管理的探究

本文着重探究了关于计算机软件和工程项目管理的基本概念,通过理论及实践分析计算机软件工程项目管理存在的问题,并提出解决相关问题的具体解读方案。     

计算机软件工程的管理和应用

当代社会生产和人民生活已经离不开计算机软件技术的支持。社会对于计算机软件工程的管理越来越重视。文章对计算机软件工程的应用状况及存在的各种问题进行了专业分析,提出了具体办法,以供相关人员参考借鉴。