不连续金属薄膜对短波长软X射线多层膜反射特性的影响

讨论了不连续金属薄膜对软Ｘ射线多层膜反射特性的影响。给出了理论模型，具体计算了在短波段的软Ｘ射线多层膜反射率与不连续金属岛状膜在基底表面覆盖率之间的关系，修正了文献中的评估方法，并建立了新的定性评估包含不连续金属膜层的软Ｘ射线多层膜光学特性分析模型     

45°角入射的13.1nm软X射线多层膜的研制

报道了对４５°入射角高反的１３．１ｎｍ软Ｘ射线多层膜反射镜的研制情况。利用在星光装置中进行的软Ｘ射线激光等离子体实验测量多层膜反射率的方法，获得了２６．２％的实测反射率，该反射率已达到理论反射率的７０％。     

Mo/B4C多层膜界面热稳定性的TEM研究

软Ｘ射线光学多层膜反射镜应用于Ｘ射线激光、Ｘ射线显微镜、望远镜、Ｘ射线曝光机，同步辐射引出装置等，作为关键部件。这种多层膜由高原子序数和低原子序数的两种材料交替沉积堆垛而成。可看作间距纳米量级的一维晶体。目前Ｍｏ／Ｓｉ多层膜应用在波长为１３ｎｍ左右，...     

常用材料软X射线多层膜的全波段设计

利用薄膜光学理论及材料在软X射线波段的原子散射因子,设计了大批量的软X射线多层膜的计算程序,对常用材料的膜系配对进行了优化设计,给出的结果对软X 射线整个波段内的多层膜膜系的选择有一定的指导意义。     

用于软X射线光刻的等离子体源及干涉诊断分析

阐述了等离子体的产生机理和影响软 Ｘ 射线产生的因素,利用产生软 ｘ 射线的实验系统,分析了软ｘ 射线转换效率与原子数的关系及其空间相干性。给出了等离子体的干涉诊断方法及几个重要的结论。     

软X光激光用多层膜反射镜的制备与检测

介绍在制备和检测软Ｘ光激光用多层膜反射镜中听做的研究工作。重点是制备过程，包括基板、镀膜设备、膜厚控制方法，以及经大量实验得出的镀膜工艺条件、给出了利用Ｘ光射线衍射仪所做的周期结构检测结果，以及利用激光等离子体作光源的精密反射率计所作的反射率测量结果。最后，对工作进展和存在的问题做了简略评述。     

13nm投影光刻用激光等离子体软件X射线源

软Ｘ射线投影光刻能够制作出特征线宽小于０．１μｍ的线条。激光等离子体源的研究是软Ｘ射线投影光刻中几项关键技术之一。本文报道了１３ｎｍ投影光刻用激光等离子体软Ｘ射线源。     

X射线激光的新进展

自１９８４年首次实现软Ｘ射线放大以来，已经过去１０多年。在此期间，软Ｘ射线激光取得突出进展。为使软Ｘ射线激光成为实验室工具，对它进行了广泛研究，本文回顾了在多种研究途径中所作的努力和所取得的进展。采用高强度超短激光的光电场感生电离法是很有希望的一种。本文讨论了两种软Ｘ射线激光，它们分别基于光电场感生电离后产生的复合和电子碰撞激发。     

软X射线显微术的一些新进展

软Ｘ射线显微术的一些新进展经过多年的努力、特别是近年来同步辐射显微实验站的运转，软Ｘ射线显微术已取得了一些新进展，其分辨率已经达到３０ｎｍ，利用投影缩小光刻术已刻出５０ｎｍ线条。利用微Ｘ射线束扫描模式得到的元素图像的分辨率已达１μｍ，利用圆偏振Ｘ射线...     

激光等离子体软X射线量的初步测量

研制了一种脉冲重复频率为１０ＨＺ的激光等离子体软Ｘ射线源。采用Ｘ射线能量计对光源的单脉冲Ｘ射线能量进行了测量并讨论了其结果。     

Elastomeric Tiles for the Fabrication of Inflatable Structures

This paper describes the fabrication of 3D soft, inflatable structures from thin, 2D tiles fabricated from elastomeric polymers. The tiles are connected using soft joints that increase the surface area available for gluing them together, and mechanically reinforce the structures to withstand the tensile forces associated with pneumatic actuation. The ability of the elastomeric polymer to withstand large deformations without failure makes it possible to explore and implement new joint designs, for example “double‐taper dovetail joints,” that cannot be used with hard materials. This approach simplifies the fabrication of soft structures comprising materials with different physical properties (e.g., stiffness, electrical conductivity, optical transparency), and provides the methods required to “program” the response of these structures to mechanical (e.g., pneumatic pressurization) and other physical (e.g., electrical) stimuli. The flexibility and modularity of this approach is demonstrated in a set of soft structures that expanded or buckled into distinct, predictable shapes when inflated or deflated. These structures combine easily to form extended systems with motions dependent on the configurations of the selected components, and, when fabricated with electrically conductive tiles, electronic circuits with pneumatically active elements. This approach to the fabrication of hollow, 3D structures provides routes to new soft actuators.     

SOVA算法对Viterbi算法的修正

在Viterbi算法中引入软值进行修正之后的算法称作SOVA算法(Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm)。SOVA算法在Viterbi算法的基础上,路径量度引入了比特先验信息,对每位译码比特以后验概率似然比的形式提供软输出,因而可提供更高的译码性能。特别,SOVA算法可用于级联码的迭代译码,采用Tuobo原理使不同分量码之间交换软信息,从而可显著提高这类码的纠错能力。     

Recent Progress in Advanced Tactile Sensing Technologies for Soft Grippers

Tactile sensing technology is crucial for soft grippers. Soft grippers equipped with intelligent tactile sensing systems based on various sensors can interact safely with the unstructured environments and obtain precise properties of objects (e.g., size and shape). It is essential to develop state-of-the-art sensing technologies for soft grippers to handle different grasping tasks. In this review, the development of tactile sensing techniques for robotic hands is first introduced. Then, the principles and structures of different types of sensors normally adopted in soft grippers, including capacitive tactile sensors, piezoresistive tactile sensors, piezoelectric tactile sensors, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, vision-based tactile sensors, triboelectric tactile sensors, and other advanced sensors developed recently are briefly presented. Furthermore, sensing modalities and methodologies for soft grippers are also described in aspects of force measurement, perception of object properties, slip detection, and fusion of perception. The application scenarios of soft grippers are also summarized based on these advanced sensing technologies. Finally, the challenges of tactile sensing technologies for soft grippers that need to be tackled are discussed and perspectives in addressing these challenges are pointed out.     

Kirigami/Origami‐Based Soft Deployable Reflector for Optical Beam Steering

The beam steering mechanism has been a key element for various applications ranging from sensing and imaging to solar tracking systems. However, conventional beam steering systems are bulky and complex and present significant challenges for scaling up. This work introduces the use of soft deployable reflectors combining a soft deployable structure with simple kirigami/origami reflective films. This structure can be used as a macroscale beam steering mechanism that is both simple and compact. This work first develops a soft deployable structure that is easily scalable by patterning of soft linear actuators. This soft deployable structure is capable of increasing its height several folds by expanding in a continuous and controllable manner, which can be used as a frame to deform the linearly stretchable kirigami/origami structures integrated into the structure. Experiments on the reflective capability of the reflectors are conducted and show a good fit to the modeling results. The proposed principles for deployment and for beam steering can be used to realize novel active beam steering devices, highlighting the use of soft robotic principles to produce scalable morphing structures.     

Magnetic Assembly of Soft Robots with Hard Components

This paper describes the modular magnetic assembly of reconfigurable, pneumatically actuated robots composed of soft and hard components and materials. The soft components of these hybrid robots are actuators fabricated from silicone elastomers using soft lithography, and the hard components are acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) structures made using 3D printing. Neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) ring magnets are embedded in these components to make and maintain the connections between components. The reversibility of these magnetic connections allows the rapid reconfiguration of these robots using components made of different materials (soft and hard) that also have different sizes, structures, and functions; in addition, it accelerates the testing of new designs, the exploration of new capabilities, and the repair or replacement of damaged parts. This method of assembling soft actuators to build soft machines addresses some limitations associated with using soft lithography for the direct molding of complex 3D pneumatic networks. Combining the self‐aligning property of magnets with pneumatic control makes it possible for a teleoperator to modify the structures and capabilities of these robots readily in response to the requirements of different tasks.     

我国软科学元理论体系框架的初步探讨

20世纪80年代以来，随着改革开放的发展，我国的软科学事业逐渐开始兴起，到目前为止也取得较大发展与进步。从1986年开始到2016年，在这30年的发展期间，我们国家加大对软科学的投入力度，对它的重视也是日益显著，这不仅为我们国家聚集和培养了一大批有责任感的及有着强烈的科学诉求的软科学研究队伍，而且在软科学的基础理论体系（即元理论体系）、理论方法、结构内容等方面作了大量的研究和探索，从而取得了很大成果与经验。这在我国经济社会的发展过程中发挥了关键的作用，贡献了巨大的力量，与此同时，我国软科学的元理论体系建设仍是比较滞后的，与发达国家存在着一定的差距，在很大程度上影响和制约着我国软科学事业的健康发展。     

Bio-Inspired Large-Area Soft Sensing Skins to Measure UAV Wing Deformation in Flight

Biological organisms demonstrate remarkable agility in complex environments, especially in comparison to engineered robotic systems. In part, this is due to an organism's ability to detect disturbances and react to them quickly. To address the challenge of quickly sensing these same disturbances in robotic systems, this study proposes and demonstrates large-area soft sensing skins designed to sense disturbances on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in flight. These skins are enabled by high-resolution soft strain sensors embedded into a large-area skin through a modular molding process that spans feature sizes from tens of microns to 0.675 m. The electronics of the sensing system enable the soft skins to be sampled fast enough to capture dynamic loads on a wing. Overall, the large-area soft sensing skin demonstrates high sensitivity, mechanical robustness, and consistent sensor readings across static and dynamic tests. The use of the soft sensing skin during UAV flight demonstrates that the sensing skin can capture relevant flight dynamics on small UAVs. These results pave the way to large-area soft sensing skins for fast and robust control of a wide variety of robotic systems.     

关联规则挖掘的软集包含度方法

本文在深入研究软集数据分析的基础上,将包含度引入软集数据关联规则挖掘中,利用包含度理论描述属性集之间的量化关系,给出软集上属性集间的包含度、关联规则和最大关联规则的概念,讨论包含度和可信度之间的联系.在此基础上给出利用包含度在事务数据软集中挖掘满足给定的支持度和可信度阈值的软关联规则方法,以及最大软关联规则的提取算法.理论证明和实例分析表明该关联规则挖掘方法是有效的,并通过实验对算法的性能进行了比较.     

ZVT—BOOST软开关变换器双闭环控制及其PLECS仿真

提出了一种通过结合ZVT-BOOST软开关变换器进行双环控制的方法,内环用于电流控制,外环用于电压控制,采用临界灵敏度方法设计了控制器参数,并分析了软开关的工作过程。基于分段线性电子电路仿真（PLECS）软件建立了ZVT-BOOST软开关变换器的仿真模型。仿真结果表明了双闭环控制的有效性,为进一步研究软开关技术提供了新思路。     

Stretchable Conductive Composites Based on Metal Wools for Use as Electrical Vias in Soft Devices

Soft devices can be bent, stretched, and compressed reversibly, but conventional wires are rigid. This work describes stretchable composites that are easily fabricated with simple tools and commodity materials, and that can provide a strategy for electrical wiring that meets certain needs of soft devices. These composites are made by combining metal wool and elastomeric polymers. Embedding fine (average fiber width ≈25 μm) steel wool (or other metal wools) in a silicone polymer creates an electrically conductive path through the nonconductive elastomer. This composite is flexible, stretchable, compressible, inexpensive, and simple to incorporate into the bodies of soft devices. It is also electrically anisotropic, and shows maximum conductivity along the majority axis of the fibers, but maximum extension perpendicular to this axis. The utility of this composite for creating an electrically conductive path through an elastomer was demonstrated in several devices, including: a soft, solderless breadboard, a soft touch sensor, and a soft strain gauge.