A technique to reduce error propagation in M-ary decision feedbackequalization

A technique is described for reducing the error propagation resulting from the use of decision feedback equalization in an M-ary, varying system. The technique is applicable when the actual system response varies moderately about a nominal response that can be approximated by a partial response. The decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is supplemented with partial response precoding and detection such that the resulting error propagation is a function of only the difference between the actual system response and the partial response. Simulation results for a system with a nominal response equal to the duobinary partial response are given to illustrate the performance improvement     

Steady-state analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs

In the computer-aided analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs and a stable periodic response the steady-state periodic response is found for a given initial state by simply integrating the system equations until the response becomes periodic. In lightly damped systems this integration could extend over many periods making the computation costly. In this paper a Newton algorithm is defined which converges to the steady-state response rapidly. The algorithm is applied to several nonlinear circuits. The results show a considerable reduction in the amount of time necessary to compute the steady-state response. In addition, the initial iterates give information on the transient response of the system.     

The Effects of Expected and Perceived Receiver Response on Source Attitudes

In a 2 × 2 experimental design , communication sources were given an expectation of the response (positive or negative) they might receive from a group of listeners. As they delivered persuasive messages, they were administered positive or negative nonverbal response by a trained audience. The sources’ attitudes toward their own performances and toward the receivers were measured. As predicted, sources who expected positive response but received negative response apparently restored balance by devaluing their performances, while sources who expected negative response but received positive response apparently restored balance by evaluating the receivers favorably. Cognitive balance theory was generally successful in predicting attitudes of communication sources in a setting where receiver response was manipulated.     

关于信号系统中的幅度和相位关系

本文针对具有有理系统函数的离散时间线性时不变系统,讨论其幅度响应和相位响应之间的关系问题。文中首先分析在系统的幅度响应给定的情况下所有可能的系统函数和频率响应,以验证教材给出的方法的正确性,然后讨论在相位响应给定的情况下所有可能的系统函数和频率响应,从而从正反两个方面阐明该类系统的幅度响应和相位响应之间存在某种约束关系。     

Pulse and frequency response of a p-i-n photodiode with absorption layer fabricated in two-valley semiconductor

Starting from the transport equations of the phenomenological model for a two-valley semiconductor, we obtained the pulse response of a p-i-n photodiode with the absorption layer fabricated in a two-valley semiconductor (GaAs, InGaAs...). The pulse response was determined for the case when it was possible to linearize the transport equations. It was shown that the nonstationary effects influence significantly the intensity and speed of the response. The frequency response was obtained by applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the pulse response.     

光电导探测器的响应时间与微变等效电路

为了研究光电导探测器对高频光信号的响应特性,分析了光电导探测器响应时间的物理机理,应用解析方法推导出了它的响应时间表达式及其适用条件,建立了光电导探测器的微变等效电路模型,测试了CdSe光电导探测器在不同外接负载电阻条件下的响应时间参数。实验表明:在照度小于103lx范围内,CdSe光电导探测器的响应时间平均值为5.4ms,与外接负载电阻的阻值无关。研究表明:线性光电导探测器的响应时间由半导体材料内部的微观结构决定;探测器可等效为恒流源和光电阻的并联;外接输出电路时,其总的响应时间与探测器的响应时间和光电检测电路的时间常数两个参数有关,一般应用中可近似取为探测器的响应时间。     

通道响应失配对DBF天线旁瓣电平的影响

本文研究了通道响应失配对数字波束形成(DBF)天线旁瓣电平的影响,然后分析了通道频率响应失配与脉冲响应失配的关系,进而得到通道间频率响应失配对天线旁瓣电平的影响。结果表明,用DBF技术实现超低旁瓣天线对通道频率匹配的要求相当高。最后计算机模拟验证了理论分析结果。     

Response Time in Data Broadcast Systems: Mean,Variance and Tradeoff

Data broadcast has been suggested as a promising method of information dissemination [2,33]. In such an environment, the information server cannot afford to serve the requests from a large population of users individually. Instead, the server uses a broadcast channel to deliver information to all users. A single transmission of a data item satisfies all pending requests for that item. The response time of a request depends on the broadcast time of the desired data item, which is scheduled by the server according to the overall demands for various data items. Therefore, the response time may vary in a large range. We argue that, in addition to mean response time, the variance of response time should also be taken into account by the broadcast scheduler. In this paper, we address the issue of variance optimization in regard to response time. Building on our previous research on mean response time optimization, we propose an algorithm which can minimize the variance of response time. Furthermore, we evaluate an algorithm that facilitates a tradeoff between the mean and variance of response time. Numerical examples that illustrate the performance of our algorithms are also presented.     

Complex-exponential representation of time-domain response of a one-mode resonator

Time-domain response of a one-mode resonator is investigated by using a complex-exponential representation of the time-domain impulse response. The transient response of a resonator has calculated for a short incident pulse which has rectangular form and the radio frequency filling. The convolution integral has been analytically carried out and two solutions for the time histories of the transient response of the resonator have been found. They are the early-time and late-time portions of the signal. The behaviour of amplitude and frequency of the transient response of the electrodynamical structure under consideration is studied.     

Characteristics of transients among periodic attractors controlledby high-frequency injection in a chaotic laser diode

We numerically studied statistics of the transient response time when switching between periodic attractors obtained through chaos control with a high-frequency injection method in a laser diode that is subject to optical feedback. Each transient response time significantly depends on its position in the starting attractor, whereas the statistical distributions of the response times for many transients are determined almost entirely by the final attractor. The average transient response time is 40 times larger than the round time in the controlled periodic attractors. The transient response time is also strongly affected by the external cavity length. The shortest average transient response time is obtained at a minimum external cavity length and a zero phase difference between the laser field and the feedback light field     

Functional MRI activity characterization using response time shift estimates from curve evolution

Characterizing the response of the brain to a stimulus based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data is a major challenge due to the fact that the response time delay of the brain may be different from one stimulus phase to the next and from pixel to pixel. To enhance detectability, this work introduces the use of a curve evolution approach that provides separate estimates of the response time shifts at each phase of the stimulus on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The approach relies on a parsimonious but simple model that is nonlinear in the time shifts of the response relative to the stimulus and linear in the gains. To effectively use the response time shift estimates in a subspace detection framework, we implement a robust hypothesis test based on a Laplacian noise model. The algorithm provides a pixel-by-pixel functional characterization of the brain's response. The results based on experimental data show that response time shift estimates, when properly implemented, enhance detectability without sacrificing robustness.     

因果周期信号通过LTI系统的零状态响应

本文讨论了因果正弦信号或因果周期信号通过线性时不变系统的零状态响应。用频域分析技术分析了单个因果正弦信号通过线性时不变系统的零状态响应和因果周期信号通过窄带滤波器的稳态响应;同时用s域分析技术分析了因果周期信号通过宽带滤波器的稳态响应和暂态响应。给出的计算方法有益于学生理解因果正弦信号或因果周期信号通过线性时不变系统时引起的变化。     

General IIR optical filter design for WDM applications usingall-pass filters

A general design algorithm is presented for infinite impulse response (IIR) bandpass and arbitrary magnitude response filters that use optical all-pass filters as building blocks. Examples are given for an IIR multichannel frequency selector, an amplifier gain equalizer, a linear square-magnitude response, and a multi-level response. Major advantages are the efficiency of the IIR filter compared to finite impulse response (FIR) filters, the simplicity of the optical architecture, and its tolerance for loss. A reduced set of unique operating states is discussed for implementing a reconfigurable multichannel selection filter     

Modulation response of multiple transverse modes in vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers

The small-signal modulation response of multiple transverse modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser was studied numerically. The overlap between the modal distribution of the field and the carrier distribution in the active region is fundamental to determining the modulation response, According to the injection current level, the modulation response curve in several configurations and parameters used can display peaks and notches that may impair the frequency response of the device. These features reflect the competition of carrier by the operating modes in a way that can be described as interference. Therefore, the total modulation response curve cannot be evaluated from the modulation response of the individual modes     

Bandstop monolithic crystal filters having allpass response outside stopband

A dual-resonator monolithic crystal filter (MCF) is basically a narrowband bandpass filter. It is well known that a narrowband bandstop response can be obtained by connecting an inductor in parallel to an MCF element, however, it yields a lowpass response outside the stopband with a cutoff frequency about square root (2) times the stopband frequency. Ideally, outside the stopband, it should have an allpass characteristic. The author shows a simple method of designing a bandstop MCF filter having an allpass response outside the stopband by adding a series-connection inductor. The series inductor together with two capacitors provide the required highpass structure that complements the lowpass response to yield an allpass response.<>     

Study of the color detection of a-Si:H by transient response in thevisible range

A new technique of color detection based on time-resolved charge collection during transient response measurement using a hydrogenated amorphous silicon detector has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method based on the material intrinsic wavelength-filtering properties is implemented in color sensing by transient response of a detector to a combination of basic color light and voltage pulse. Resulting transient responses under different illumination and bias voltage conditions confirm considerable accuracy of proposed method. In particular, the best agreement of measured and calculated transient response curves has been obtained by using the spectral response of all three primary colors in calculations. It was observed that the presence of blue light drastically reduces the transient response to a chromatic light illumination. Finally, a voltage pulse influence to the basic colors transient response was found     

Microwave photonic filter with single bandpass response

A new microwave photonic filter that solves the problem of realising a single bandpass RF response is presented. The filter is based on using phase modulation together with a pair of gratings, and eliminates the baseband response and periodic spectral response of typical FIR filters. Experimental results demonstrate a single passband square-type bandpass filter response, and operation to high frequencies.     

Calculating step and impulse responses of networks

An economical method is given for calculating the step response, impulse response and derivatives of the impulse response of a network from a single partial-fraction expansion of the transfer function.     

线形宽带超声相控阵换能器的声场分析

讨论了一种计算矩形活塞阵元声场脉冲响应函数的简便算法,通过对不同延时量的矩形活塞阵元声场脉冲响应函数进行叠加,得到线形换能器阵列的脉冲响应函数;再施以宽带脉冲激励函数,得到线形换能器阵列的声场分布。比较了3种不同换能器的脉冲响应及声场分布,该法对工业无损检测领域超声成像用换能器参数优化具有重要意义。     

Throttle-control algorithm for improving engine response based on air-intake model and throttle-response model

An electric-throttle-control actuator (ETC) is a device for control of the air mass flow to an engine cylinder. As adaptive-cruise-control and direct-fuel-injection systems become popular, the market of ETC has become larger. The ETC is controlled so that the engine torque follows the target value. Between the change of the control signal to the ETC and the engine-torque response, two delays exist-the delay in the throttle response and manifold filling. These delays must be compensated to improve the engine response. In this paper, a throttle-control algorithm for improving engine response is proposed. This algorithm compensates these two delays based on the response model. The response of the manifold pressure was experimented in two cases, when the ETC was controlled by a step input and when the throttle was controlled by the developed algorithm. The experimental results show that the rise time of the manifold pressure response decreased to one-tenth by the developed algorithm. Because the engine torque is proportional to the manifold pressure, it can be concluded that the torque response improved by compensating the two delay factors.