干燥动力学研究综述

对现有的几种干燥速率定义及其数学表达式进行了分析和比较。简述了多孔介质的干燥动力学特性及其湿分迁移机理。对薄层干燥的半理论模型、半经验模型和经验模型作了评述。     

棒状MgCO3·3H2O的干燥动力学研究

以六水氯化镁为原料,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用直接沉淀法,制备出长约为80μm,直径为5～10μm的棒状三水碳酸镁;通过不同热空气温度及不同湿物料层厚度下的干燥动力学实验,获得棒状三水碳酸镁的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。采用相变动力学理论,对干燥动力学实验数据进行拟合分析,得到棒状三水碳酸镁的干燥方程、干燥速率方程及干燥动力学参数。     

相变动力学和热分析动力学在干燥动力学研究中应用的可能性

对相变动力学理论、热分析动力学理论及薄层干燥模型进行简单的介绍和比较。探讨了相变动力学理论及热分析动力学理论在干燥动力学研究中应用的可能性。     

基于薄层干燥模型的褐煤干燥动力学研究

在不同颗粒直径和不同的干燥介质温度下,对褐煤进行干燥动力学实验研究。得到了褐煤的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,采用薄层干燥模型对实验数据进行模拟,得到了褐煤的干燥方程和干燥速率方程。提出了褐煤干燥速率常数的经验公式k=A exp[（-E_v（1+C_dlnd））/（RT）],其中指前因子A=5.819min^-1,界面蒸发活化能E_v=21347.5KJ/mol,经验常数C_d=0.0409m^-1,干燥时间指数n=1.516。     

A Simple Data Processing Approach for Drying Kinetics Experiments

A simple mathematical approach is proposed to be applied to drying kinetics raw data processing. The data collected in a drying experiment of powder cork under constant air drying conditions served as case study to present the methodology. Two functions (linear and third-degree polynomial) were used to fit solid moisture content in the constant drying rate and the falling rate periods. The drying rate curve was obtained by differentiation and the time at which the drying rate period's transition occurs was determined iteratively until virtually continuous functions were achieved. The critical moisture content was easily identified and two falling drying rate periods were detected.

The powder cork moisture decrease was also used to test several semiempirical models available in the literature. The Logarithmic, Midilli, and Page Modified I models were the ones that revealed the best correlations performance. When the methodology proposed was applied using these models, the critical moisture content was underpredicted.

The effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy were also obtained for powder cork after the proposed mathematical approach has been applied on the raw data obtained in experiments performed at different air drying temperatures.     

基于薄层干燥模型的碱式碳酸镁纳米花干燥动力学研究

在不同干燥介质温度和不同物料床层厚度下,对碱式碳酸镁纳米花进行干燥动力学实验,得到其干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。采用薄层干燥模型对所得干燥动力学实验数据进行数学处理,得到碱式碳酸镁纳米花的干燥方程为M_R=exp[-(kt)~n],干燥速率方程为-(dM_R)/(dt)=knM_R(-lnM_R)~((n-1)/n),干燥速率常数k=A exp[(-E_v(1+C_LL))/(RT)],干燥时间指数n=1.738,界面蒸发活化能E_v=16.521kJ/mol,指前因子A=7.214min~(-1),经验常数C_L=29.900 m~(-1)。     

小型实验室干燥动力学测试系统设计

对流式风洞干燥实验台是进行干燥基础与技术应用研究的必备实验装置。针对闭式循环、自动参数检测及数据采集等试验台必备功能,对小型实验室干燥动力学测试系统进行了工艺及装备设计,用于测量干燥动力学曲线和平衡数据。该系统可对干燥过程中干燥介质的温度、流量、湿度及物料的湿含量等参数进行在线测量与记录。     

热分析动力学技术及其在干燥动力学研究中的应用

简要概述了热分析动力学理论。对等温和非等温热分析动力学在干燥动力学研究中的应用现状进行了综述。展望了热分析动力学技术在干燥动力学研究中的应用前景。     

碱式碳酸镁纳米花的干燥动力学研究

以六水氯化镁和尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备出碱式碳酸镁纳米花。通过干燥动力学实验得到碱式碳酸镁纳米花的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。研究结果表明：在一定温度下碱式碳酸镁纳米花干燥速率曲线呈现明显的升速、恒速和降速三个干燥阶段;随着干燥介质温度的升高,干燥速率增大．干燥时间缩短。通过比较得出的干燥方程符合Page模型。     

氢氧化镁粉体的干燥动力学研究

采用以六水氯化镁为原料,氢氧化钠和氨水为混合沉淀剂的直接沉淀法,制备得到平均粒径约为2μm的氢氧化镁粉体。通过不同干燥介质温度和不同湿物料层厚度的干燥动力学实验,获得氢氧化镁粉体的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。采用Weibull函数模型,对实验数据进行拟合分析,得到氢氧化镁粉体的干燥动力学参数和干燥动力学方程,探讨干燥动力学参数的影响因素。研究结果表明,可以用Weibull函数模型来描述氢氧化镁粉体的干燥过程,尺度参数与干燥介质温度及物料层厚度有关,随着干燥介质温度的提高,或物料层厚度的降低,干燥速率增大,尺度参数减小,但形状参数变化不大。     

Drying Kinetics of Sludge from a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Drying kinetics of sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant were determined in a laboratory drying tunnel with parallel airflow at different temperatures and air velocities. The constant drying rate period was identified followed by two falling rate periods. Drying kinetics in these falling rate periods were then satisfactorily modeled using the modified quasi-stationary method and the Fick's second law. The two-period model was used, however, to describe drying kinetics over the entire drying process, and the equation for a generalized drying curve was proposed. The effective diffusivity was also determined from the integrated Fick's equation, and correlated with temperature by an Arrhenius type equation.     

Weibull函数及其在干燥动力学研究中的应用

简要介绍了Weibull函数的基本理论,系统评析了干燥动力学研究中的Weibull函数及其应用。     

确定碱式氯化镁纳米棒干燥动力学参数的新方法

根据碱式氯化镁纳米棒干燥动力学实验数据,拟合得到的干燥方程为MR=exp[-(kt)n],干燥时间指数为n=1.8114,式中的干燥速率常数,k=Aexp(-CT/T)exp(-CLL)=Aexp[-(EV+RTCLL)/RT]=Aexp[-(EV+Ed)/RT]=Aexp(-E/RT),扩散活化能Ed=RTCLL,表观活化能E=EV+RTCLL。采用一种确定干燥动力学参数的新方法—等湿分比法,得到界面蒸发活化能为EV=15.399kJ·mol-1,长度常数CL=161.380m-1,温度常数CT=1852.177K,频率因子A=8.997min-1。     

Color Change Kinetics of Okra Undergoing Microwave Drying

In this present study, the effect of microwave output power and sample amount on color change kinetics of Turkey okra (Hibiscus esculenta L.) were investigated by using microwave drying technique. The color parameters for the color change of the materials were quantified by Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness), and b (yellowness/blueness) values. These values were also used for calculation of the total color change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle and browning index. The microwave drying process changed color parameters of L, a, and b, causing a color shift toward the darker region. The values of L and b decreased, whereas values of a and total color change (ΔE) increased during microwave drying. The mathematical modeling study of color change kinetics showed that L and b fit a first-order kinetic model, whereas a and total color change (ΔE) followed a zero-order kinetic model. However, chroma and browning index (BI) followed a first-order kinetic model, whereas hue angle followed a zero-order kinetic model. On the other hand, the data of the total color change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle, and browning index depending on the ratio of the microwave output power to sample amount were adequately fitted to a quadratic model. For calculation of the activation energy for color change kinetics parameters, the exponential expression based on Arrhenius equation was used.     

PVC干燥动力学研究

实验研究了悬浮法ＰＶＣ的干燥特性。在测定物料流化参数的基础上,采用单层筒形流休床测定干燥动力学曲线,并回归得到描述ＰＶＣ干燥特性曲线的解析函数;确定了实验条件下ＰＶＣ干燥的临界湿含量ｘｃ及传质系数Ｋ。由于实验方法比较接近工业干燥过程。获得的结果对于工程应用较为可靠。     

Research on the Degradation Kinetics Model in the Drying Process of Chinese Herb

Curative compositions such as catolpol in Rehmannia Glutinosa, flavone in Ophiopogon Japonicus and ginsenoside Re in Panax Ginseng in Chinese herbs were measured as the experimental indices by the method of high performance liquid chromatography under different drying conditions. The reaction order and parameters of the degradation kinetics model were determined and the model was verified by experiments. It was indicated that by comparing with the thin drying method, the prospective model could predict the degradation of curative compositions with drying time, temperature and moisture content of herbal materials with enough precision and could be used to simulate the degradation in the drying process of Chinese herb.     

中草药干燥过程中质量退化动力学模型的研究

Curative compositions such as catolpol in Rehmannia Glutinosa, flavone in Ophiopogon Japonicus and ginsenoside Re in Panax Ginseng in Chinese herbs were measured as the experimental indices by the method of high performance liquid chromatography under different drying conditions. The reaction order and parameters of the degradation kinetics model were determined and the model was verified by experiments. It was indicated that by comparing with the thin drying method, the prospective model could predict the degradation of curative compositions with drying time, temperature and moisture content of herbal materials with enough precision and could be used to simulate the degradation in the drying process of Chinese herb.     

Analysis of Moisture Content and Density of Pears During Drying

Solar dried pears of the “S. Bartolomeu” variety are a very much appreciated and preferred dried food product in Portugal. Nevertheless, the traditional solar drying is carried out at open air during the months of 07 and 08, and this nowadays is a disadvantage for larger productions. This work is to evaluate the possibility of producing dried pears from this and other varieties, maintaining the characteristics of the traditional dried pears. In this study four different types of pears were studied, including “S. Bartolomeu” as a basis for comparison and the drying method employed was the traditional one. From the results it was concluded that, although the behaviour of the four varieties do not vary significantly, one particular variety (“D. Joaquina”) is a good alternative to the “S. Bartolomeu” pear.     

The Drying Kinetics and Equilibrium Moisture Content of MDF Fibers

An experimental device was constructed to study the drying kinetics of wood fibers under controlled conditions. The device consisted of a drying chamber in which a net basket filled with the fiber material was connected to a load cell. The drying medium was then forced through the basket at controlled levels of humidity and temperature.

Experiments were performed with spruce fibers and the drying medium at varying temperature (50–170°C) and relative humidity (1–86%). In general, the drying rate increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity. A constant drying rate period was observed in all cases. The critical moisture content was approximately 1.25. The characteristic drying curve has a slight downward concave shape. The equilibrium moisture contents obtained at ambient temperature agree well with data in the literature.     

Shrinkage Characteristics and Porosity of Pears during Drying

The high moisture content of pears (about 80%) results in a high degree of shrinkage when drying takes place, which strongly affects the fruit structure and quality. The aim of the present work was to study the shrinkage characteristics of pears during air drying by evaluating their dimensions and volume along the drying process and by predicting particle and bulk densities as well as porosity as a function of material moisture content. The latter properties were estimated using a mathematical model available from the literature whose parameters were either directly measured or determined by fitting some of the equations of the proposed model to the experimental data. The results predicted were subsequently validated by independent measurements.