豆渣马铃薯渣固态发酵改善纤维适口性的研究

利用纳豆菌和酿酒酵母菌固态发酵的方法,将适量的马铃薯渣与豆渣混合,利用马铃薯渣中的糖分作为碳源来提高两种菌的发酵效率,并对其发酵条件进行优化,从而达到改善豆渣适口性的目的。采用单因素和正交试验方法优化的发酵条件为:纳豆菌发酵豆渣和马铃薯渣的接种量为10 m L/100 g,豆渣与马铃薯渣混料质量比为3︰l、发酵时间为32 h、装瓶量为20 g/250 m L;酿酒酵母菌发酵豆渣和马铃薯渣的接种量为8 m L/100 g、豆渣与马铃薯渣混料质量比2.5︰1,发酵时间48 h、装瓶量为30 g/250 m L。最终试验表明纳豆菌的粗纤维降解率为62.93%,酿酒酵母菌的粗纤维降解率为35.11%。     

葡萄果醋发酵饮料工艺条件的研究

以玉米、麸皮为主要原料,经酒精发酵后加入葡萄皮渣进行醋酸发酵制得葡萄果醋,再经调配,制成风味独特的葡萄果醋饮料.通过单因素实验、正交试验,优化了工艺条件和配方.结果表明,以玉米、麸皮汁为发酵基料(基料糖含量为12°Bx,pH4.5)的酒精发酵条件为:酵母接种量10%、发酵温度30℃,经酒精发酵3d,酒精体积分数达到6%时进入醋酸发酵;醋酸发酵条件为:葡萄皮渣与玉米和麸皮的质量比为1∶2、糖含量3°Bx、醋酸菌接种量10%、发酵温度30℃、发酵5d.葡萄果醋发酵饮料配方为:葡萄果醋12%、柠檬酸0.2%、蔗糖10%.     

紫薯叶芦荟叶复合保健醋的研制

利用正交试验法确定了紫薯叶芦荟叶复合保健醋的最佳发酵工艺条件。酒精发酵:发酵温度30.0℃,酵母菌接种量0.3 g/100 g,糖度18.0%,发酵时间120 h;醋酸发酵:醋酸菌接种量16.0%,发酵温度30℃,酒精度8.0%vol,发酵时间144 h。试验在丰富餐桌调味品的同时进行资源的充分利用。     

银耳粗多糖糯米保健醋的工艺研究

以银耳粗多糖提取液、糯米、酵母菌、醋酸菌为原料,在前期单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验,探索银耳粗多糖糯米保健醋的发酵工艺。通过正交试验确定该保健醋酒精发酵最佳组合:酵母菌接种量4.0%、酒精发酵时间72 h、酒精发酵温度28℃、银耳粗多糖和糯米料液质量比1.5 (g/g);醋酸发酵最佳组合为:醋酸菌接种量5.0%、醋酸发酵时间72 h、醋酸发酵温度30℃、振荡恒温培养箱的振荡频率150 r/min。在该条件下得到的保健醋醋酸度为7.21 g/100 mL,其品位纯正、感官品质优良。     

苹果渣发酵制取酒精工艺研究

该研究以苹果渣为主要原料,探讨了苹果渣热处理、酶解及酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数。通过试验,确定苹果渣热处理最佳工艺参数为:常压蒸煮25min;果胶酶酶解的最佳条件为:初始pH值3.0,添加量0.2%,55℃酶解2h;纤维素酶酶解最佳处理条件为:初始pH值至5.0,添加量0.7%,50℃保温酶解12h;苹果渣酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:发酵初始pH值4.0,发酵温度25℃,酵母接种量为11%,稻壳添加量为20%。在上述条件下,苹果渣发酵产酒精可达6.72%。     

甜柚皮渣果醋的发酵工艺研究

对甜柚皮果醋的生产工艺条件进行了探讨,以甜柚皮渣和加工下脚料为主要原料,采用液体发酵法,经水解、酒精发酵及醋酸发酵等工序酿制果醋,通过单因素预试验、酒精发酵正交试验、醋酸发酵正交试验,优化了工艺条件和配方。结果表明,以甜柚皮渣和白砂糖为发酵基料的最佳酒精发酵条件为:安琪酵母接种量0.107 g/m L、含糖量18°Bx、发酵温度30℃,经酒精发酵4 d,酒精度达到12.0%~13.5%vol时进入醋酸发酵;最佳醋酸发酵条件为:酒精度12.5%vol、醋酸菌接种量6%、发酵温度36℃、发酵时间9d。     

辣木醋酿造工艺的研究

以辣木叶粉、红糖为原料,采用半固态发酵方法,通过正交试验,确定原料液酶解、酒精发酵和醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件。辣木醋原料液酶解的最佳工艺参数为:辣木叶粉与水的质量比为1∶10,复合酶由纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶组成,复合酶的添加量为0.4g/L,酶解温度为50℃,时间为1.5h。酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为:酵母菌接种量0.3%,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间7天。醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件为:醋酸菌接种量10%,初始酒精度9%,发酵温度29℃,发酵时间6天。     

太子参保健醋饮料生产工艺

以太子参为原料,通过酒精发酵、醋酸发酵和配方优化生产太子参保健醋饮料。试验结果表明,酒精发酵工艺条件为:初始糖度16%、酵母菌接种量0.5%、发酵温度28℃、发酵时间72 h。此条件下发酵液的酒精度为5.9%。醋酸发酵工艺条件为:接菌量12%、pH 5.0、发酵温度32℃、发酵时间96 h。得到醋酸含量4.06%的太子参发酵原醋;以感官评分为指标,通过正交试验优化,最优配方为原醋液30%、白砂糖8%、L-阿拉伯糖0.5%、枸杞汁20%。     

灵芝醋饮料制备工艺的研究

以灵芝子实体浸提液、葡萄糖为主要原料,选择合适的酵母菌和醋酸菌,经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵得到灵芝醋原液,经过调配后得到酸甜可口、风味柔和的灵芝醋饮料。试验结果显示,实验室酿酒酵母和沪酿1.01醋酸菌发酵效果明显优于其他的发酵菌种,作为酒精发酵和醋酸发酵的发酵菌株;通过单因素试验,确定酒精发酵的工艺条件为30℃、发酵时间72 h、初始糖度14%、接种量14%,醋酸发酵工艺条件为发酵温度30℃、发酵时间84 h、接种量为10%;通过正交试验,根据感官评价结果优化灵芝醋饮料配方,得到灵芝醋饮料的最佳配方为木糖醇4%、灵芝醋发酵原液60%、红枣汁10%,然后包装灭菌,开发出一款具有独特的灵芝醋、枣香风味的保健饮料。     

葡萄果醋饮料的工艺研究

以玉米、麸皮为主要原料,经酒精发酵后加入葡萄皮渣进行醋酸发酵而制得葡萄果醋,再经调配,制成风味独特的葡萄果醋饮料。通过单因素实验、正交试验,优化了工艺条件和配方。结果表明,以玉米、麸皮汁为发酵基料,基料的糖含量为16°Brix,pH 3.5,酵母接种量为10%,发酵温度30℃,经酒精发酵6 d,酒精体积分数达到6%～7%时进入醋酸发酵,糖含量4°Bx,醋酸菌接种量10%,发酵温度30℃,醋酸发酵6 d。风味配方为:葡萄果醋10%,柠檬酸0.1%,蔗糖9%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the