PTFE对纤维增强尼龙66材料摩擦学性能的影响

考察了玻璃纤维（GF）增强尼龙66复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以及PTFE对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜分析了磨损形貌。结果表明：15％GF增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能改善不明显,而且磨损量高于纯尼龙;加入PTFE在摩擦过程中形成了转移膜,降低了玻璃纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦磨损,改善了其摩擦学性能。     

PTFE/芳纶纤维编织衬垫自润滑关节轴承的黏接性能及摩擦学性能

对PTFE/Kevlar纤维混合编织衬垫分别进行超声波处理、稀土CeO2处理后,制备了自润滑关节轴承,利用Instron5944型电子万能材料试验机和自制的高频摆动摩擦磨损试验机对关节轴承进行了剥离强度测试和摩擦磨损性能试验,考察了前处理工艺对关节轴承的黏接性能和摩擦学性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析了衬垫表面的微观形貌变化,以探究轴承的摩擦学性能与衬垫形成PTFE转移膜的成膜性能之间的关系。结果表明,衬垫经改性前处理后,不仅提高了衬垫与基体的黏接性能,而且提高了轴承的摩擦学性能;轴承的摩擦学性能与其在摩擦磨损过程中形成PTFE转移膜的成膜性能之间存在一定的对应关系,即PTFE转移膜的形成越快,耐磨性、均匀连续性越好,在摩擦磨损过程中表现出较优的摩擦诱导成膜性能,其摩擦学性能也越优。     

氧化石墨烯和纳米SiO2增强PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

为研究具有层状结构和球状结构的纳米填料之间的相互作用对聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响,采用冷冻干燥超声共混-冷压-热烧结法制备纳米二氧化硅（nano-SiO2）和氧化石墨烯（GO）填充改性PTFE复合材料。利用LSM-2R往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试干摩擦条件下nano-SiO2和GO复配改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能,采用MicroXAM-800非接触式三维表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析表征转移膜形貌、元素分布和磨痕表面三维形貌,从微观层面揭示nano-SiO2和GO的减摩机制。结果表明：单独填充nano-SiO2与GO均可改善PTFE复合材料的摩擦学特性,其中在较低添加量下,GO在提高PTFE耐磨性方面明显优于nano-SiO2;GO和nano-SiO2复配填充时存在协同效应,与单一填充相比进一步改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能;相比于纯PTFE,3%nano-SiO2/0.5%GO/PTFE复合材料的磨损率降低60.36%。机制分析表明,协同作用和均匀连续转移膜的形成是nano-SiO2和GO增强PTFE复合材料性能优异的主要原因。     

有机填料填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦学及力学性能

采用共混-冷压-烧结-整形的工艺制备有机物填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,考察相同含量的不同有机填料对PTFE复合材料力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果发现,加入有机填料后,复合材料的拉伸强度降低,但硬度和压缩强度均提高;有机填料有效地改善了PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能,其中,质量分数15%聚苯酯填充的PTFE复合材料减摩效果最好,质量分数15%聚酰亚胺填充的PTFE复合材料的耐磨损性能最优。相比之下,质量分数15%芳纶填充的PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能及力学性能最好,其耐磨损性能较纯PTFE提高了近400倍,而摩擦因数仅为纯PTFE的84%。其原因在于芳纶的加入有效地改变了摩擦机制,能形成均匀连续的转移膜,进而降低了磨损。     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用机械共混、冷压成型烧结的方法制备了纳米SiO2/石墨/玻璃纤维/PTFE复合材料试样。用MM-200型磨损试验机测试了在干摩擦条件下不同载荷时各试样的摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电镜对磨损后试件表面进行观察和分析。研究结果表明：纳米SiO2和玻璃纤维有效提高了PTFE的承载能力,石墨的加入起到了减小摩擦的作用;在本试验条件下,在摩擦过程中三元混合填充PTFE复合材料在偶件表面形成了转移膜,减少了复合材料与偶件的直接接触,因而表现出优异的抗磨性。     

泥沙条件下改性复合材料减振降噪性能研究

为了改善水润滑轴承材料热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的减振降噪性能,以TPU为基体、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为添加剂,通过物理共混的方式制备PTFE/TPU改性复合材料。在RTEC摩擦磨损实验机上模拟泥沙工况,对复合材料进行不同速度和载荷下的摩擦学试验,通过分析复合材料的力学性能、摩擦因数、表面形貌以及振动噪声行为,探讨其摩擦磨损规律与减振降噪性能。结果表明：复合材料的拉伸强度和邵氏硬度均随着PTFE含量的增加而先增加后降低,质量分数8%PTFE改性TPU复合材料表现出最好的力学性能;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增大,材料表面损伤、变形、剥落等严重损伤逐渐增多;与纯TPU相比,改性复合材料的摩擦磨损剧烈程度更低,摩擦因数的变化幅度较小且摩擦因数曲线相对光滑,材料微观表面的损伤更少;随着速度与载荷的增大,复合材料的振动响应与辐射噪声现象增大,振动与噪声信号的平均强度增大,频域上的频率分量增多,幅值分量增大,主频向高频转移;PTFE能够改善TPU的摩擦学性能,降低摩擦因数,同时赋予复合材料一定的减振降噪性能,并且效果在高速、高载荷下更为明显。     

填料种类对聚苯酯基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

在聚苯酯(Ekonol)中分别添加不同种类的填料,制备出一系列性能不同的Ekonol基复合材料,研究了填料的形态、性质对Ekonol复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,分析了磨损面、对磨面转移膜形貌,并探讨了摩擦磨损机制。结果表明,在填料的填充量相同时,层状固体润滑剂聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),由于从本质上改善了非熔融Ekonol的内部粘结,且协助形成较为连续、平滑的转移膜,对Ekonol摩擦学性能的改善最为明显;其次为纤维状填料。相比于尺寸细微的六钛酸钾晶须,粗大的玻璃纤维(GF)或碳纤维(CF)之间相互交错,对Ekonol起到了较好的承载骨架作用,更为有效提高Ekonol的摩擦学性能。GF比CF与Ekonol之间的亲和性较好,对应于GF/Ekonol复合材料的摩擦学性能优于CF/Ekonol复合材料;纳米颗粒填料对Ekonol有着弥散增强作用,但对Ekonol摩擦学性能的改善效果最差。     

聚苯酯填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦学行为研究

采用聚苯酯（Ekonol）、Ekonol／PAB纤维增强聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）制备利用转移膜润滑的摩擦副材料，并研究了两组材料在于摩擦条件下与9Cr18轴承钢对摩时的摩擦学性能；运用扫描电镜分析了两组材料磨损表面形貌和磨损机理。结果表明：随着Ekonol含量的增大，Ekonol填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐增大，当Ekonol质量分数超过25％时摩擦因数略有下降，磨损方式由以犁削磨损为主转变为以疲劳磨损为主；而Ekonol／PAB纤维填充门FE复合材料的摩擦因数，随Ekonol含量的增大而增大，磨损方式由以粘着磨损为主转变为以疲劳磨损为主。Ekonol／PAB纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能优于Ekonol填充PTFE复合材料。     

芳纶纱的结构形貌对芳纶/PTFE织物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

为了研究纱线结构形貌对织物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,选用对位芳纶纤维,制备成3种具有不同结构形貌的芳纶纱,分别为长丝平行纱、长丝加捻纱和短纤维加捻纱。以相同的制备工艺得到3种芳纶/PTFE织物复合材料,采用多试件摩擦磨损试验机测试复合材料的摩擦学性能,并对芳纶/PTFE混编织物及相应复合材料的结构形貌、力学性能和磨损表面进行分析与探讨。实验结果表明：芳纶纱的结构形貌可直接影响纱线的断裂强度、纱线拔出强力、纱线与树脂的界面结合力,进而影响织物复合材料的摩擦学性能;在不同的磨损条件下3种混编织物的耐磨性表现有所不同,当载荷相对较低时,芳纶短纤维加捻纱/PTFE织物复合材料磨损率更低,而当载荷较高时,芳纶长丝加捻纱/PTFE织物复合材料耐磨性更好。     

聚四氟乙烯填充含量对钢背超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

为改善广泛应用于船舶苛刻环境无油/脂润滑摩擦配副材料的摩擦学性能,将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）按不同质量分数与钢背超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物复合材料结合,研究它与45钢盘在变转速环环端面干摩擦状态下的摩擦学特性。对试验过程中摩擦因数及磨损量进行测量,利用表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜与超景深显微镜对复合材料及对磨件磨损表面形貌进行了观察与分析。结果表明：所有填充PTFE的复合材料摩擦学性能均表现优异,随着PTFE含量的增加,复合材料摩擦性能变差,其中1 %（质量分数） PTFE填充复合材料综合摩擦性能最好,在试验工况下主要发生磨粒磨损,PTFE填充量较高的复合材料在高速下由于团聚及摩擦热量积聚主要经历黏着磨损与疲劳磨损。     

Friction and wear properties of metal powder filled PTFE composites under oil lubricated conditions

Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite, pure PTFE, PTFE+30vol.%Cu, PTFE+30vol.%Pb and PTFE+30vol.%Ni composite, were prepared. The friction and wear properties of these metal powder filled PTFE composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and lubricated conditions were studied using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy respectively. Experimental results show that the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites can be greatly improved by liquid paraffin lubrication. The wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with that under dry friction conditions, while the friction coefficients can be decreased by 1 order of magnitude, SEM and optical microscopy investigations of the rubbing surfaces show that metal fillers of Cu, Pb and Ni not only raise the load carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, but also promote transfer of the PTFE composites onto the counterfaces, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of these PTFE composites onto the counterfaces can be greatly reduced by liquid paraffin lubrication, but transfer still takes place.     

聚四氟乙烯碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

研究了不同含量PTFE碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,并分析了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的磨损表面形貌和磨损机制。结果表明:添加质量分数10%~15%PTFE的复合材料体系机械性能最佳,随PTFE含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数下降,而磨损率呈上升趋势。水润滑下,摩擦因数和磨损率比干摩擦下都有相应的降低。干摩擦下,材料的磨损主要以塑性变形、微观破裂及破碎为主;水润滑下,这一机制明显减弱,主要表现为微切削形态。     

Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Filled PTFE Composites

Carbon nanotube/polytetrafluoroethylene (CNT/PTFE) composites with different volume fractions were prepared and their friction and wear properties were investigated using a ring-on-block under dry conditions. It was found that CNTs signifi-cantly increased the wear resistance of PTFE composites and decreased their coefficient of friction. PTFE composites with 15–20 vol.% CNTs exhibited very high wear resistance. The significant improvements in the tribological properties of CNT/PTFE composites are attributed to the super-strong mechanical properties and the very high aspect ratio of CNTs. The CNTs greatly reinforce the structure of the PTFE-based composites and thereby greatly reduce the adhesive and plough wear of CNT/PTFE composites. The CNTs are released from the composite during sliding and transferred to the interface of the friction couples. They thus serve as spacers, preventing direct contact between the mating surfaces and thereby reducing both wear rate and friction coefficient.     

纳米ZnO填充的PTFE基复合材料摩擦学性能研究

得胜０００型摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同体积含量的纳米氧化锌（ＺｎＯ）填充的ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料在于摩擦条件下与不风对摩时的摩擦学性能,并利用扫描电子微镜（ＳＥＭ）对ＰＴＦＥ及纳米ＺｎＯ／ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的微观结构、磨损表面和转移膜进行了观察和分析。结果表明,纳米ＺｎＯ／ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的摩擦性能与纯ＰＴＦＥ基本相当,但耐磨性明显优于后者,纳米ＺｎＯ在复合材料中的最佳含量为１５ｖｏｌ．％左右。     

Friction and Wear Behavior of CF/PTFE Composites Lubricated by Choline Chloride Ionic Liquids

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricants has received increasing attention in recent years. The use of ILs, however, is limited by the corrosion problem and their potential toxic property. Here we present the results of our initial study on the tribological properties of carbon fiber (CF)-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, which have an excellent chemical resistance property, lubricated by choline chloride ILs. The difference between choline chloride ILs and water and hydraulic oil as lubricants was studied at the same time, as was the effect of the anion on the lubricating property of choline chloride ILs. The worn surface and transfer film of CF/PTFE composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the lubricating property of choline chloride ILs is much better than that of water and hydraulic oil. The friction coefficient and wear rate of CF/PTFE composites lubricated with ILs were approximately 60 and 50 % lower than those under the dry friction condition. Among the three kinds of ILs tested, the best tribological properties of the CF/PTFE composites were found for those sliding in the mixture of 1,2-propanediol and choline chloride. The worn surface and transfer film of CF/PTFE composites were also much smoother than those under the dry friction, water lubrication, and hydraulic oil lubrication conditions.     

高速摆动下PTFE编织复合材料干摩擦研究

利用高速摩擦试验机对PTFE编织复合材料进行干摩擦试验,研究不同条件(载荷、速度和湿度)下PTFE编织复合材料干摩擦磨损性能;并利用扫描电子显微镜对不同条件下的磨屑形貌进行分析。结果表明:单因素变化条件下,摩擦因数随载荷和相对湿度的增大而减小,随摩擦速度的增大而增大;磨损量随载荷和速度的增大而增大,但相对湿度的增加可降低磨损;载荷及速度的增加显著影响材料磨损状况。     

Friction and wear characteristics of lead and its compounds filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites under oil lubricated conditions

The friction and wear properties of Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄, or PbS filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and liquid paraffin lubricated conditions were studied by using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces and the transfer films of these PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were then investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that filling Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ or PbS to PTFE can greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites, but the wear reducing action of Pb₃O₄ is the most effective. Meanwhile, PbS increases the friction coefficient of the PTFE composite, but Pb and Pb₃O₄ reduce the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites. However, the friction and wear properties of lead or its compounds filled PTFE composites can be greatly improved by lubrication with liquid paraffin, and the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites can be decreased by one order of magnitude. Optical microscope investigation of transfer films shows that Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ and PbS enhance the adhesion of the transfer films to the surface of GCr15 bearing steel, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15 bearing steel can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin, but the transfer still takes place. SEM examination of worn surfaces shows that the interaction between liquid paraffin and the PTFE composites creates some cracks on the worn surfaces of the PTFE composites; the creation and development of the cracks reduces the load-carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, and this leads to deterioration of the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites filled with lead or its compounds under higher loads in liquid paraffin lubrication.