电动力液压驱动四足双臂机器人的设计与实现

针对定基座机器人在复杂环境下作业能力不足的问题,研制出电动力液压四足双臂机器人,将浮动基座与双臂系统的优势有机结合,能够代替人员完成复杂环境下应急处置、工程作业等任务。详细阐述了四足双臂机器人的机械结构、机载电液动力系统、分布式控制系统以及仿真与操作训练平台的设计与实现。提出基于全身虚拟模型的足底力分配方法与足臂协调运动规划方法,实现了躯干浮动基座与双臂系统的联动,大大提升了机器人的作业能力和效率。通过搭建的仿真与操作训练平台完成单臂作业以及双臂协同作业的仿真,验证了所提出控制方法的有效性,并对机器人操作员进行操作训练。在实际样机实验中,测试了单臂抓取以及双臂协同抓取的能力,证明了四足双臂机器人能够满足复杂环境下移动作业的需求。     

基于运动性能分析的双臂冗余度机器人协调运动研究

为了提高双臂冗余度机器人在其交互工作空间中的协调运动能力,以ABB YuMi为例,提出了一种计算简便并且能够有效反映双臂协调运动灵活性的性能指标。利用D-H法建立了YuMi机器人的运动学模型,分析了双臂可操作度的分布情况,分别研究了两种协调运动方式的运动学约束关系以及相应的运动控制规律,基于灵活性分析构建了双臂协调装配电机转子与轴承以及字母绘制的任务,通过仿真和实验验证了本文双臂可操作度指标的有效性及协调运动规划方法的正确性。     

基于图像的双臂模糊自适应轨迹跟踪控制

在固定相机的监视下,随机位姿的目标物体在双臂系统的控制下执行轨迹跟踪控制任务时,既要考虑目标随机位姿引起的运动学和动力学不确定性问题,还要考虑运动学和动力学的协同问题.针对上述问题,分别采用自适应方法估计目标质心和特征点的位置信息,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近系统的动力学模型,使用分散控制策略处理双臂的协同问题,最后基于位置/力混合控制方法设计基于图像的双臂模糊自适应轨迹跟踪控制器,并采用李亚普诺夫方法证明系统的稳定性.仿真实验验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

一种配网带电作业机器人的目标线路识别与定位算法研究

配网带电作业机器人需要处理复杂的配电网目标线路感知与识别问题。提出一种基于色彩信息和匹配算子的配电网线路识别方法和中心视差计算方法,实现对线路的曲线特征识别和三维定位。基于色彩信息和匹配算子的检测方法能够有效地匹配复杂环境中的线路,解决线路的表面纹理弱、形态弯曲多样的问题,有效提升了线路的识别效果。中心视差计算方法通过利用线路的几何特性,分析计算线路中心线的曲线视差距离,得到配电网线路的三维位置信息。最后将该算法应用到配网带电作业机器人中,测试结果表明该算法能够准确识别和定位出配电网线路。     

Collision-free motion planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots

Dual-arm reconfigurable robot is a new type of robot. It can adapt to different tasks by changing its different end-effector modules which have standard connectors. Especially, in fast and flexible assembly, it is very important to research the collision-free planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots. It is to find a continuous, collision-free path in an environment containing obstacles. A new approach to the real-time collision-free motion planning of dual-arm reconfigurable robots is used in the paper. This method is based on configuration space (C-Space). The method of configuration space and the concepts reachable manifold and contact manifold are successfully applied to the collision-free motion planning of dual-arm robot. The complexity of dual-arm robots’ collision-free planning will reduce to a search in a dispersed C-Space. With this algorithm, a real-time optimum path is found. And when the start point and the end point of the dual-arm robot are specified, the algorithm will successfully get the collision-free path real time. A verification of this algorithm is made in the dual-arm horizontal articulated robot SCARATES, and the simulation and experiment ascertain that the algorithm is feasible and effective.     

空间机器人抓捕目标后基于任务相容性的消旋策略

针对双臂空间机器人抓捕自旋目标后的镇定操作,在考虑机器人系统输入约束的条件下,提出了一种基于任务相容性的消旋规划与控制方法。首先,给出空间机器人抓捕目标后的组合系统的动力学模型,作为规划与控制的基础。然后,根据动力学可操作度和任务相容性设计了目标的快速消旋策略,其期望加速度的方向和大小分别取作速度的反方向和机器人系统输入约束允许的最大值。最后,基于所推导的运动学和动力学模型,通过对目标和机械臂末端分别建立柔顺度等式,提出了一种跟踪期望运动轨迹同时对末端接触力进行调节的柔顺控制方法。通过双臂7自由度空间机器人消除目标自旋运动的仿真结果,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Design of an anthropomorphic dual-arm robot with biologically inspired 8-DOF arms

From the perspective of kinematics, dual-arm manipulation in robots differs from single-arm manipulation in that it requires high dexterity in a specific region of the manipulator’s workspace. This feature has motivated research on the specialized design of manipulators for dual-arm robots. These recently introduced robots often utilize a shoulder structure with a tilted angle of some magnitude. The tilted shoulder yields better kinematic performance for dual-arm manipulation, such as a wider common workspace for each arm. However, this method tends to reduce total workspace volume, which results in lower kinematic performance for single-arm tasks in the outer region of the workspace. To overcome this trade-off, the authors of this study propose a design for a dual-arm robot with a biologically inspired four degree-of-freedom shoulder mechanism. This study analyzes the kinematic performance of the proposed design and compares it with that of a conventional dual-arm robot from the perspective of workspace and single-/dual-arm manipulability. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed structure can significantly enhance single- and dual-arm kinematic performance in comparison with conventional dual-arm structures. This superior kinematic performance was verified through experiments, which showed that the proposed method required shorter settling time and trajectory-following performance than the conventional dual-arm robot.     

Few-experiential learning system of robotic picking task with selective dual-arm grasping

Recently, robots are introduced to warehouses and factories for automation and are expected to execute dual-arm manipulation as human does and to manipulate large, heavy and unbalanced objects. We focus on target picking task in the cluttered environment and aim to realize a robot picking system which the robot selects and executes proper grasping motion from single-arm and dual-arm motion. In this paper, we propose a few-experiential learning-based target picking system with selective dual-arm grasping. In our system, a robot first learns grasping points and object semantic and instance label with automatically synthesized dataset. The robot then executes and collects grasp trial experiences in the real world and retrains the grasping point prediction model with the collected trial experiences. Finally, the robot evaluates candidate pairs of grasping object instance, strategy and points and selects to execute the optimal grasping motion. In the experiments, we evaluated our system by conducting target picking task experiments with a dual-arm humanoid robot Baxter in the cluttered environment as warehouse.     

Cycle time analysis of dual-arm cluster tools for wafer fabrication processes with multiple wafer revisiting times

For some wafer fabrication processes, the wafers need to visit some processing modules for a number of times, which is referred to as the revisiting process. With wafer revisiting, it is very complicated to analyze the cycle time of a dual-arm cluster tool. Due to the fact that atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is a typical revisiting process in the semiconductor industry, study is conducted on cycle time analysis of dual-arm cluster tools for the ALD process with multiple revisiting times. The system is modeled by a type of Petri net. With this model, it is revealed that the system may never reach a steady state. Based on this finding, a method is presented to analyze the cycle time and analytical expressions are derived to calculate the cycle time for different cases. Several illustrative examples are given to show the applications of the proposed approach.     

双机械手对称协调力/位混合控制——模型、控制算法与实现

该文研究双手协调运动和力控制方法.基于一组面向对象的广义运动和力向量的定义, 考虑对象动力学,建立了面向对象的双手对称协调运动方程,该运动方程显式地表示了对象的 运动、内力及环境接触力与双手关节力矩间的关系.据此设计出广义工作空间一级的双手对 称协调力/位混合控制算法,并解决了算法的分解与并行实现问题.在两台PUMA562机械手 上进行的实验表明,本文研究的方法,可以在双手协调运动过程中实现对被操作对象的运动、 内力和环境接触力的混合控制.     

Jerk-level synchronous repetitive motion scheme with gradient-type and zeroing-type dynamics algorithms applied to dual-arm redundant robot system control

Dual-arm redundant robot systems are usually required to handle primary tasks, repetitively and synchronously in practical applications. In this paper, a jerk-level synchronous repetitive motion scheme is proposed to remedy the joint-angle drift phenomenon and achieve the synchronous control of a dual-arm redundant robot system. The proposed scheme is novelly resolved at jerk level, which makes the joint variables, i.e. joint angles, joint velocities and joint accelerations, smooth and bounded. In addition, two types of dynamics algorithms, i.e. gradient-type (G-type) and zeroing-type (Z-type) dynamics algorithms, for the design of repetitive motion variable vectors, are presented in detail with the corresponding circuit schematics. Subsequently, the proposed scheme is reformulated as two dynamical quadratic programs (DQPs) and further integrated into a unified DQP (UDQP) for the synchronous control of a dual-arm robot system. The optimal solution of the UDQP is found by the piecewise-linear projection equation neural network. Moreover, simulations and comparisons based on a six-degrees-of-freedom planar dual-arm redundant robot system substantiate the operation effectiveness and tracking accuracy of the robot system with the proposed scheme for repetitive motion and synchronous control.     

The Fuzzy Neural Network Control Scheme With H∞ Tracking Characteristic of Space Robot System With Dual-arm After Capturing a Spin Spacecraft

In this paper, the dynamic evolution for a dual-arm space robot capturing a spacecraft is studied, the impact effect and the coordinated stabilization control problem for post-impact closed chain system are discussed. At first, the pre-impact dynamic equations of open chain dual-arm space robot are established by Lagrangian approach, and the dynamic equations of a spacecraft are obtained by Newton-Euler method. Based on the results, with the process of integral and simplify, the response of the dual-arm space robot impacted by the spacecraft is analyzed by momentum conservation law and force transfer law. The closed chain system is formed in the post-impact phase. Closed chain constraint equations are obtained by the constraints of closed-loop geometry and kinematics. With the closed chain constraint equations, the composite system dynamic equations are derived. Secondly, the recurrent fuzzy neural network control scheme is designed for calm motion of unstable closed chain system with uncertain system parameter. In order to overcome the effects of uncertain system inertial parameters, the recurrent fuzzy neural network is used to approximate the unknown part, the control method with $\pmb H_{{\infty }}$ tracking characteristic. According to the Lyapunov theory, the global stability is demonstrated. Meanwhile, the weighted minimum-norm theory is introduced to distribute torques guarantee that cooperative operation between manipulators. At last, numerical examples simulate the response of the collision, and the efficiency of the control scheme is verified by the simulation results.      

冗余度双臂机器人轴孔装配的三维动态仿真与实验

分析了冗余度双臂机器人进行轴孔装配的运动学约束关系,设计了一种分层递阶控制结构．通过三维图形动态仿真,在冗余度双臂机器人协调控制实验平台上进行了实验．仿真和实验结果表明该方法能够顺利地完成双臂协调插孔的作业．     

双臂机器人的协调控制算法综述

双臂机器人系统是当前机器人领域的研究热点,特别是随着单臂机器人在操作能力、控制等方面的局限性不断凸显,最近的研究集中在拥有协调操作能力的冗余双臂机器人.对双臂操作进行分类,然后从双臂协调运动方式、双臂协调控制问题、感知传感器、模仿学习、人机交互五个方面进行分析;综述从运动学、动力学现状入手,分析了双臂协调控制与单臂控制...     

Robust control of planar dual-arm cooperative manipulators

A robust control method is developed for a planar dual-arm manipulator system. Contact and friction constraints for grasp conditions are considered. An optimization algorithm is developed such that a minimization of the energy consumed by the participating arms subject to equality and inequality constraints of grasp and friction constraints. The necessary Karush–Kun–Tucker conditions are implemented to characterize admissible solutions. A robust controller is proposed using a switching-sliding algorithm for modeling imprecision and disturbances. The switching-sliding mode is then replaced by a saturation function that results in the elimination of the fundamental cause for control chatter. The formulation presents a control algorithm that is well suited for dual-arm cooperative manipulators.     

基于引力自适应步长RRT的双臂机器人协同路径规划

快速扩展随机树（RRT）方法的步长确定过分依赖于程序调试,而且固定的步长会导致碰撞检测失效问题．针对此问题,本文提出一种适用于双臂机器人协同路径规划的引力自适应步长RRT．首先,通过建立构型空间与工作空间的步长范数不等式,对双臂机器人在工作空间中所产生的步长进行约束,进而确保实现有效的碰撞检测;然后,提出随机树被动生长方法,在保证双臂机器人协同运动的基础上,降低规划空间的维度．最后,在随机树的节点处引入引力函数,加快算法的融合速度．仿真结果表明,引力自适应步长RRT方法可对工作空间中的步长进行有效约束,确保算法碰撞检测的有效性．在无碰撞的前提下,引力自适应步长RRT方法相比于其他算法减少了迭代次数,降低了运行时间并缩短了路径长度．将所提算法应用于双臂机器人的样机实验,结果表明双臂机器人可在保持位置协同的前提下,完成避障运动,验证了算法的可行性．     

基于ADAMS的输电线路移动机器人越障仿真

移动越障机构是输电线路移动机器人的基础,也是目前制约线路移动机器人发展的技术障碍之一.采用SolidWorks三维建模软件和ADAMS动力学仿真分析软件在虚拟环境中建立双臂移动机器人的仿真模型.通过避障路径规划生成运动仿真数据,在ADAMS虚拟环境中实现双臂移动机器人的稳定越障.仿真结果表明:双臂移动机器人的两臂交错滑移结构设计能够满足行走要求,且避障路径规划方法可行,仿真数据可为下一步双臂移动机器人物理样机的研制提供理论参考.     

双臂机械手干涉区的分析

本文在考虑构件形状和尺寸的条件下,提出了当双臂机械手在三维空间实现各自预定轨迹时判别干涉区的方法.以构件的简化模型建立起确定干涉区的模型和准则.本文所提出的方法适用于具有转动副和移动副的一般双臂机械手的干涉区分析.最后给出了一个数字例.     

双臂空间机器人的避自碰轨迹规划研究*

本文针对自由漂浮的双臂空间机器人系统研究了一种基于危险域的避自碰轨迹规划方案。首先,引入危险域的概念,用来评估两个机械臂之间发生碰撞的危险程度。其次,在路径规划的基础之上,利用危险域的反馈信息,设计了一种安全避自碰的轨迹规划方案,用以保证两个机械臂可以运动在安全位型,从而避免发生自碰。最后,针对一个双臂冗余空间机器人系统进行运动仿真,仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

面向WTAs的VHR双臂避碰操控算法

针对虚拟仿人机器人（VHR）处理工作空间多目标区域（WTAs）避碰操控问题,先基于齐次变换矩阵和链式相乘法则,建立了VHR双臂机理正向运动学模型,进而推导了两种求解VHR双臂逆运动学的公式（DLS-SVD法和基于链式解耦的解析法）;其次,建立了WTAs的数学模型,并以WTAs位姿为操控目标,提出了融合正向和逆向运动学及其双向快速搜索随机树算法的VHR双臂避碰操控算法;最后,通过三维仿真建立VHR虚拟样机,验证了提出算法的正确性和有效性。