水泥基材料裂缝自愈合的研究进展

总结了近些年来在水泥基材料裂缝自愈合领域的研究进展,重点论述了两种普通类型的水泥基材料裂缝自愈合的机理、愈合过程、影响因素及评价。普通水泥基材料裂缝愈合机理包括结晶沉淀、结晶渗透,对聚合物水泥基材料,主要包括空气固化愈合、热聚合愈合和温致愈合机理。并提出了进一步的研究方向。     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料自愈合研究进展

在总结了最近几年国内外相关研究进展的基础上,对超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ECC)及裂缝自愈合进行了综述。着重介绍了裂缝自愈合的最大允许宽度限值以及自愈合机制。提出利用ECC所独具的对裂缝宽度的可控性及紧密细小的微裂纹、较低的水胶比及矿物掺合料的二次水化效应可实现其良好的自愈合特性。最后指出该研究领域所面临的挑战及今后的研究方向,为ECC裂缝自愈合的研究提供有价值的理论参考。     

Towards electrically conductive, self-healing materials.

A novel class of organometallic polymers comprising N-heterocyclic carbenes and transition metals was shown to have potential as an electrically conductive, self-healing material. These polymers were found to exhibit conductivities of the order of 10(-3) S cm-1 and showed structurally dynamic characteristics in the solid-state. Thin films of these materials were cast onto silicon wafers, then scored and imaged using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scored films were subsequently healed via thermal treatment, which enabled the material to flow via a unique depolymerization process, as determined by SEM and surface profilometry. A method for incorporating these features into a device that exhibits electrically driven, self-healing functions is proposed.     

Biomimetic reliability strategies for self-healing vascular networks in engineering materials

Self-healing via a vascular network is an active research topic, with several recent publications reporting the application and optimization of these systems. This work represents the first consideration of the probable failure modes of a self-healing system as a driver for network design. The critical failure modes of a proposed self-healing system based on a vascular network were identified via a failure modes, effects and criticality analysis and compared to those of the human circulatory system. A range of engineering and biomimetic design concepts to address these critical failure modes is suggested with minimum system mass the overall design driver for high-performance systems. Plant vasculature has been mimicked to propose a segregated network to address the risk of fluid leakage. This approach could allow a network to be segregated into six separate paths with a system mass penalty of only approximately 25%. Fluid flow interconnections that mimic the anastomoses of animal vasculatures can be used within a segregated network to balance the risk of failure by leakage and blockage. These biomimetic approaches define a design space that considers the existing published literature in the context of system reliability.     

混凝土损伤自愈的机理

研究了不同龄期受损混凝土经过相同养护期后的自然愈合现象．混凝土受损后的自愈合实质上是损伤部位未水化或水化不充分的胶凝材料加速水化或进一步水化生成新的水化产物弥合裂缝的过程．以超声波速的变化表征混凝土受压开裂后的损伤程度,建立了混凝土损伤量与愈合状况之间的关系．结果表明,混凝土材料存在一个损伤阈值：当混凝土的损伤低于损伤阈值时,自愈合率随着损伤量的增大而增大;当混凝土损伤超过损伤阈值时,自愈合率随着损伤量的增大而降低．     

自修复功能防腐涂膜研究进展

金属的腐蚀是一普遍现象,开发新的防腐技术来减缓、抑制腐蚀具有重要意义。"自愈合"防腐涂膜是一种智能型涂膜,它在表面破损、腐蚀发生时,在不借助外部条件下具有自行修复表面抑制腐蚀的功能,是目前功能性防腐涂膜中的研究热点,就近年来自愈合功能性防腐涂膜方面的研究进展作一综述,并展望了其研究前景。     

自修复聚氨酯防水涂料的研究

为了赋予聚氨酯防水涂料自修复性能,先用环氧树脂对高吸水纤维进行改性,再将改性纤维与双组分聚氨酯通过共混制备自修复聚氨酯防水涂料,最后用刮涂法制备防水涂层。用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪对防水涂层的微观结构进行分析,用万能材料试验机、电动不透水仪等对防水涂层的机械性能、自修复性能及防渗透性能等进行测试。结果表明,高吸水纤维、氧化锌有助于提高防水涂层的拉伸强度,防水涂层的最大抗拉强度为1.83MPa,断裂伸长率达到795%。防水涂料完全切断自修复24h后,裂口完全愈合。自修复48h后,拉伸强度恢复率最高可达63%,断裂伸长率达到60%左右。本研究为聚氨酯防水涂料自修复提供了新的方法。     

Life extension of self-healing polymers with rapidly growing fatigue cracks

Self-healing polymers, based on microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs' catalyst embedded in the polymer matrix, are capable of responding to propagating fatigue cracks by autonomic processes that lead to higher endurance limits and life extension, or even the complete arrest of the crack growth. The amount of fatigue-life extension depends on the relative magnitude of the mechanical kinetics of crack propagation and the chemical kinetics of healing. As the healing kinetics are accelerated, greater fatigue life extension is achieved. The use of wax-protected, recrystallized Grubbs' catalyst leads to a fourfold increase in the rate of polymerization of bulk dicyclopentadiene and extends the fatigue life of a polymer specimen over 30 times longer than a comparable non-healing specimen. The fatigue life of polymers under extremely fast fatigue crack growth can be extended through the incorporation of periodic rest periods, effectively training the self-healing polymeric material to achieve higher endurance limits.     

透明自愈合聚合物材料的构性关系研究进展

透明聚合物在使用过程中由于磨损、冲击等,可能造成材料力学性能和透光性的损伤或降低,而自愈合能修复其力学性能和透光性,延长使用寿命,故受到学者们的广泛关注。微相分离结构有助于聚合物的自愈合,也会影响聚合物材料的透光性,从构性关系的角度综述了聚氨酯、聚硅氧烷、丙烯酸聚合物等透明自愈合材料,并进行了展望。     

锡酸镁膜层自愈性和超疏水性研究

在AZ91D镁合金表面利用化学转换膜法制备出锡酸镁膜层,该膜层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中通过溶解-再沉积的过程进行自我修复。其中,进行自我修饰4h后的膜层经硬脂酸修饰后,达到了超疏水状态。模拟海水测试评估了最终的超疏水膜层的耐蚀能力。利用XRD分析了膜层的成分,SEM、动电位极化方法跟踪膜层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中自愈过程中表面形貌和耐蚀能力的变化。重新阐释了锡酸镁膜层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的自愈机理。     

微胶囊自修复材料的研究进展

自修复材料的概念受自然界生物可以自动修复受损部位的启发而产生,在工程应用中受到广泛重视。研究了自修复体系,概述了常见的微胶囊制备工艺,并对自修复复合材料的性能评价指标进行了阐述,提出了今后研究的发展方向。     

聚合物基复合材料自修复的研究进展

复合材料的自修复功能已成为智能材料研究的重点之一。自修复主要包括外援型自修复和本征型自修复,外援型自修复种类主要包括微胶囊型、中空纤维型以及微脉管型自修复;本征型自修复主要包括可逆共价键和可逆非共价键自修复。系统地阐述了这几种典型自修复方法的研究进展及其优势和不足,展望了自修复复合材料的发展及应用前景。     

基于生物矿化机理的自愈合混凝土制备与表征

研究旨在利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀机理,研制新型细菌自愈合混凝土.在高pH条件下培养,筛选出一组与枯草芽孢杆菌相关的产芽孢杆菌.将筛选得到的耐碱枯草芽孢杆菌M9进行生物矿化沉淀测试,X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM),结果表明沉淀矿物为呈方解石形态的碳酸钙.以枯草芽孢杆菌M9为修复剂,掺入聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维制备...     

Probability-based predictive self-healing reconfiguration for shipboard power systems

The electric power systems in US Navy ships supply energy to sophisticated systems for weapons, communications, navigation and operation. During battle, various weapons may attack a ship causing severe damage to the electrical system on the ship. This damage can lead to de-energisation of critical loads which can eventually decrease a ship's survivability. It is very important therefore to maintain the availability of power to the loads that keep the power system operational. There exists technology for ships that can detect incoming weapons. This knowledge can be used to determine reconfiguration actions which can be taken before the actual hit to reduce the damage to the electrical system when the weapon hits. Then reconfiguration for restoration can be performed after the hit to reconfigure loads de-energised by the damage from the hit. A new automated probabilistic predictive self-healing methodology to determine such reconfiguration control actions is presented. Implementation of these actions will lead to less damage caused by a weapon hit and can considerably improve a ship's chances of surviving an attack. This probabilistic approach entails three major functions: weapon damage assessment, pre-hit reconfiguration before a weapon hit for damage reduction and reconfiguration for restoration after a weapon hit to restore de-energised loads. A case study is presented to illustrate the new methodology     

具有热可逆性的自修复石墨烯量子点/聚氨酯透明复合膜研究

采用一步法制备具有热可逆性的透明自修复聚氨酯薄膜(PU-DA)。通过物理结合方式加入氨基修饰的石墨烯量子点(NH₂-GQDs),最终制备出具有热可逆性的自修复石墨烯量子点/聚氨酯透明复合膜(NH₂-GQDs/PU-DA)。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、偏光显微镜和万能拉力机等手段进行结构和性能的分析。结果表明:通过热可逆反应(Diels-Alder)键的引入,可使聚氨酯薄膜在一定温度下具有自修复性能的同时,仍保持较好的柔韧性,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优分别达到1.437MPa和117.4%。通过应力-应变测试发现,NH₂-GQDs的加入在一定程度上增强了聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能,并改善了聚氨酯薄膜的疏水性。     

Bioinspired nanoscale materials for biomedical and energy applications

The demand for green, affordable and environmentally sustainable materials has encouraged scientists in different fields to draw inspiration from nature in developing materials with unique properties such as miniaturization, hierarchical organization and adaptability. Together with the exceptional properties of nanomaterials, over the past century, the field of bioinspired nanomaterials has taken huge leaps. While on the one hand, the sophistication of hierarchical structures endows biological systems with multi-functionality, the synthetic control on the creation of nanomaterials enables the design of materials with specific functionalities. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the field of bioinspired nanomaterials, which we have broadly categorized into biotemplates and biomimics. We discuss the application of bioinspired nanomaterials as biotemplates in catalysis, nanomedicine, immunoassays and in energy, drawing attention to novel materials such as protein cages. Furthermore, the applications of bioinspired materials in tissue engineering and biomineralization are also discussed.     

Diphenolic acid-modified PAMAM/chlorinated butyl rubber nanocomposites with superior mechanical,damping, and self-healing properties

ABSTRACT

Based on its excellent damping properties, traditional rubber has been widely used in various industries, including aerospace, rail transit and automotive. However, the disadvantages of effective damping area, unstable damping performance, easy fatigue, and aging, greatly limited the further application of rubber materials. Thus, it is important to develop novel modified rubber damping materials. Herein, polyamidoamine dendrimers with terminal-modified phenolic hydroxyl and amine groups (G2 PAMAM-H) were designed and used as modifiers to improve the damping performance of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR). The results showed that the modification of G2 PAMAM by diphenolic acid can avoid its aggregation in the CIIR matrix. CIIR/G2 PAMAM-H nanocomposites exhibited high tan δ _max of 1.52 and wide damping temperature region of 140°C (tan δ > 0.55)at a very low loading (4.32 wt.%), which were strongerthan that of pure CIIR and CIIR/G2 PAMAM nanocomposites. In addition, these nanocomposites also exhibited a unique self-healing ability by multiple hydrogen bonds, which can effectively extend the life of the rubber material in actual production. Therefore, the dendrimer modification provided unique development opportunities for elastomers in certain highly engineered fields, such as vehicles, rail transit, aerospace, etc.     

Simulation of self-healing by further hydration in cementitious materials

Cracks, caused by shrinkage and external loading, facilitate the ingress of aggressive and harmful substances into concrete and indeed reduce the durability of the structures. It is well known that self-healing of cracks can significantly improve the durability of the concrete structure. In this research, self-healing of cracks was proposed to be realized by providing extra water for further hydration of unhydrated cement particles. In order to provide theoretical guidance for the practice, self-healing by providing extra water to promote further hydration was simulated. The simulation was based on water transport theory, ion diffusion theory and thermodynamics theory. In the simulation, self-healing efficiency under different conditions as a function of time was calculated. The relationship between self-healing efficiency and the amount of extra water from the broken capsules was determined. According to the results of the simulation, the amount of extra water can be optimized by considering self-healing efficiency and other performances.     

A new self-healing epoxy with tungsten (VI) chloride catalyst

Using self-healing materials in commercial applications requires healing chemistry that is cost-effective, widely available and tolerant of moderate temperature excursions. We investigate the use of tungsten (VI) chloride as a catalyst precursor for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of exo-dicyclopentadiene (exo-DCPD) in self-healing applications as a means to achieve these goals. The environmental stability of WCl6 using three different delivery methods was evaluated and the associated healing performance was assessed following fracture toughness recovery protocols. Both as-received and recrystallized forms of the WCl6 resulted in nearly complete fracture recovery in self-activated tests, where healing agent is manually injected into the crack plane, at 12wt% WCl6 loading. In situ healing using 15wt% microcapsules of the exo-DCPD produced healing efficiencies of approximately 20%.     

Feasibility study of a passive smart self-healing cementitious composite

The basic concept of a passive smart-healing cementitious composite has been demonstrated, in the laboratory, to be feasible. The basic elements of this smart material include the sensors and actuators in the form of controlled microcracks and hollow glass fibers carrying air-curing chemicals. Controlled microcracking is offered by a strain-hardening engineered cementitious composite developed previously. The mechanisms of sensing and actuation are revealed through in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy observations. The self-healing effectiveness is confirmed by measurement of the elastic modulus of the composite. The elastic modulus is found to regain its original value in a repeat loading subsequent to damage in a first load cycle.