Using GIS to design a traffic information database for urban transport planning

The aim of this paper is to describe the development of a prototype geographical information system (GIS) for urban transport planning in a district of a South-East Kowloon redevelopment area. In this paper, the GIS database is developed with consideration of efficient data input and retrieval process in a way that is most useful to transportation planners for network travel demand projection and evaluation purposes. The GIS-transportation (GIS-T) database is designed for (a) realistic simulations of network in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms, (b) manipulating various types of transport-related information in one consistent database, and (c) supporting tools for scenario comparison between existing and future network flow change in a predefined study area. The results show that GIS-T would refine the database management process and demonstrate the potential of linking computer graphics and multimedia information in transport planning. More importantly, both existing and future network-flow performance are interactively displayed in graphical formats and, therefore, transport planners can gain a better understanding and insight to assess the performance of the proposed transportation system.     

基于SKYLINE和视频监控的三维Web GIS应用研究

三维网络地理信息系统是三维地理信息系统与网络相结合的产物。随着互联网技术的不断发展以及人们对三维地理信息系统的巨大需求,使得三维网络地理信息系统成为了地理信息系统发展的必然趋势。文首先介绍了skyline三维地理信息系统软件平台的概况,然后重点研究了利用skyline软件进行三维网络地理信息系统开发的关键技术。最后设计、开发了基于skyline的上海市视频监控遥感和地理信息系统,实践证明基于skyline的三维网络地理信息系统开发方式具有良好的实用性。     

水质遥感信息与GIS集成方法与实现

讨论了RS和GIS技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系。以太湖流域的多源水环境监测信息为对象,将灰度图像数据与地面实测数据相结合,提出了基于RS、GIS集成技术的太湖流域动态监测分析方法。以RS、GIS和VisualBasic为工具,开发了太湖水环境监测信息管理系统,并简单地阐述了该系统的组成,通过对实际监测数据的处理和表达,说明了该系统在快速、高效、实时等方面具有明显优势。     

A requirements engineering environment within a tightly integrated SDE

This paper describes the outside functionality of an RE environment within an integrated software development environment. Furthermore, an integrator tool for the transition to software system architecture modelling is presented. The tools discussed are editors, analysers, executors, monitors, and integration tools of different characteristics for horizontal integration (within RE) and vertical integration (to architecture modelling). All tools are tightly integrated and work incrementally, therefore allowing different forms of construction and modification processes and giving substantial support.     

A dynamic evacuation simulation framework based on geometric algebra

Integrating dynamic analysis models into geographic information system (GIS)-based evacuation simulations is important yet complex. Different models must be smoothly assembled according to the data processing flow to obtain a dynamic, data-forced evacuation simulation. However, because of the diversity of data types and dynamic data updating among different models, closely integrated evacuation simulations are complex and inefficient. In this study, geometric algebra (GA) is introduced to develop a dynamic evacuation simulation framework for a hazardous gas diffusion scheme. In the framework, geospatial data are first integrated into a unified virtual scene with different forms of multivector representation. The major simulation models of gas diffusion, risk assessment, and dynamic evacuation routing compose the major steps of the evacuation simulation. On the basis of the generalized multivector structure, dynamic exchange and updating geospatial data at different evacuation steps can be performed seamlessly with the multivector structure and GA operators. The framework is tested with a case study of a three-dimensional residential area, which shows that our framework can support the integration of dynamic evacuation processes and the model integration is direct and smooth. This framework may also provide a new solution for the integration and dynamic data updating in spatiotemporal GIS.     

电力信息系统中三维GIS关键技术的应用研究

随着GIS技术的发展和电力信息系统管理需求的不断提高,针对现有二维GIS在电力信息系统应用中的局限,探讨了三维GIS在电力信息系统中的应用,重点讨论了数据组织和空间索引、多源数据的集成与管理、海量三维数据处理技术、组件技术和GIS与MIS的集成开发等关键技术,最后通过对基于卫星三维影像的输电线路综合信息管理系统的应用实例进行分析,得出将电力信息系统与三维GIS结合起来,同时综合管理电力信息系统中涉及到的各种地理数据和属性数据。可实现电力信息系统的可视化与自动化。     

地理信息软件自动生成系统

为了加强GIS应用系统开发过程的集成，提供一致的数据表示和统一的界面描述，文章提出了一种新型的地理信息软件自动生成系统GBuilder。用GBui1der可以快速开发一个完整的GIS应用系统，加强了GIS应用系统开发过程的集成，提高了开发效率，加强了软件过程的复用，为GIS软件开发提供了新的方法与工具。     

整合城市建筑空间与交通空间,解决交通拥堵问题

在城市职能体系日趋复杂的今天,大多数城市普遍存在着交通拥堵、建筑空间与交通空间分离、城市功能支离破碎、城市空间资源利用率低下等严重妨碍城市可持续发展的问题。鉴于此,本文从城市形态整合的角度,提出了一些关于城市建筑空间与交通空间的整合方法,力求在三维的城市空间坐标中运用建筑空间与交通空间多向度穿插、层叠、渗透等手法来整合城市环境,实现分合得体、解决交通拥堵问题、建立新的富有活力的立体交通系统的目标。     

基于MapGIS-TDE的三维矿井通风系统

基于MapGIS-TDE平台开发了一套三维矿井通风系统。充分利用平台架构和平台功能,数据以图层的方式组织,功能模块以插件的形式集成,专注于业务功能的开发。系统具备3D巷道建模、通风网络动态调节、报表自动生成等功能,能够很大程度上减轻矿井通风人员的工作量,对于提高煤炭企业通风管理信息化水平具有重要意义。     

数字化三维城市设计建模技术分析

三维数字地图具有动态性、交互性、超媒体集成、多尺度表达、多维化显示等优越特性。根据地图信息来还原实际地形地貌,显示地形地貌的微缩三维地形模型是GIS的一个重要的研究课题,数字化城市中三维景观的构建是一项具有广阔应用前景的技术。该文系统论述了三维城市模型建立的基本理论与关键技术。     

面向遥感算法的GIS系统动态集成框架

为实现不断变化的遥感算法与GIS系统的动态集成,降低系统维护的难度和成本。在分析了遥感算法与GIS系统的集成现状之后,提出并设计了一种面向遥感算法的GIS系统动态集成框架。该框架基于XML技术对遥感算法进行描述和管理,将遥感算法的实现代码、算法参数属性信息等与GIS系统平台分离,降低了遥感算法与系统的耦合度,增强了系统的可扩展性。并结合具体应用,实现了遥感算法的灵活动态集成。     

IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake: A three-dimensional complex dynamic model for subtropical aquatic ecosystems

This paper presents IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake, a three-dimensional complex dynamic model for subtropical aquatic ecosystems. It combines a spatially explicit hydrodynamic model with a water-quality and biotic model of ecological interactions. The software, which is freely available for research purposes, has a graphical user-friendly interface and a flexible design that allows the user to vary the complexity of the model. It also has built-in analysis tools such as Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis, a genetic algorithm for calibration, and plotting tools.     

Evaluating strategies for integrating environmental models with GIS: Current trends and future needs

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an environmental modeling framework allows modelers to use database, data visualization, and analytical tools in a single integrated environment. Environmental modelers can take advantage of GIS by taking one of the two general approaches: loosely coupling or tightly coupling. Loosely-coupled modeling is primarily for taking advantage of database and visualization tools in GIS. Loosely-coupled modeling can be improved by capitalizing on GIS analytical tools and techniques. Conversely, tightly-coupled models, which are completely encapsulated within a GIS environment, take full advantage of the database, the visualization, and the analysis capabilities of a GIS. These two general strategies for integrating environmental models with GIS, a case study to integrate a groundwater flow model with GIS, and needed improvements for GIS integration in environmental modeling are discussed in this paper.     

Development of a simulation framework and applications to new production processes in shipyards

Recently, a floating crane is frequently used for the block lifting, transportation, turn-over, and assembly processes in waves. For these production processes, it is important to detect collision in advance between assembly blocks or the block and the other facilities like the wire rope and the barge which are carrying the block. The tension of the wire rope also needs to be calculated to check that the maximum value is less than the safety criteria. In this paper, a mathematical model is constructed based on multibody system dynamics considering the external forces such as the hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, wind force, etc. To observe the dynamic motions of the floating crane and the block, and to calculate the tension of the wire rope, the time and event simulations are performed by solving the mathematical model in the computer. For applying the simulations to the various production processes in shipyards, a simulation framework is developed. The simulation framework consists of a simulation kernel, application-specific modules, a simulation coordinator, development tools, and post-processing tools. The simulation kernel manages both DEVS (discrete event system specification) and DTSS (discrete time system specification) to deal with various simulation requests. The application-specific modules provide the functions used in application systems, such as dynamic analysis, collision detection, visualization, wire rope force calculation, hydrostatic force calculation and hydrodynamic force calculation. The simulation coordinator manages the data of the simulation kernel and the application-specific modules. The development tools provide a development process, a scenario manager, and a simulation model generator. The post-processing tools are used to report the simulation results. The examples of block lifting, transportation, turn-over, and assembly simulations are developed based on the framework to show that the framework is useful for the simulations of the production processes using one or more floating cranes.     

GIS与二维泥石流数学模型集成系统研究

针对栅格式ＧＩＳ－ＥＲＤＡＳ和二维泥石流流团模型系统（ＤＥＢＲＩＳ），从模型参数自动获取、数据处理、ＧＩＳ与模型系统的集成策略与操作机制、模型产生的多时相泥石流数据的ＧＩＳ管理与可视化表达、泥石流模拟数据的深层次分析等多个方面探讨了两者之间的系统集成问题。依此为基础，设计并实现了系统间的有效连接。     

Application of artificial neural network to the rapid feedback of potential ecological risk in flood diversion zone

As one of the ecological consequences due to intensified human activities in the upper catchments of the Yangtze River, the riverbed rising accompanied with soil erosion in the catchments has resulted in the significant increase of water level vs. the same flow discharge, which in turn enhanced the potential frequency of flood diversion and the uncertainty of flood risk in the diversion zone. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on radial-basis-function (RBF) was established for flood risk ranking at five safety polders. The computational speed for potential flood/ecological risk prediction as well as the feedback capability of integrated system was significantly enhanced through key techniques such as combination of the conventional hydrodynamic model and the ANN model, and integration of GIS and model. The site-specific and multi-site-specific RBF-ANN models developed herein not only provide useful tools for rapid prediction of flood routing process, but also show much promise for rapid feedback of the site-specific risk and real-time diversion process control.     

MapInfo中元胞自动机集成开发方案及其应用

元胞自动机与地理信息系统(GIS)的集成弥补了GIS在时空分析和时空演化方面的不足,为地理学的研究提供了新的手段。论文用实例论述了MapInfo中元胞自动机的集成开发方案。讲述了元胞自动机的原理及与GIS集成的优点和具体技术,并就二值型(城市扩张演化型)元胞自动机的应用做了示范。     

Tabu-based GIS for solving the vehicle routing problem

Besides being a hard combinatorial problem, the VRP is also a spatial problem. Hence, effective decision making in this field strongly requires the integration of GIS and optimization systems (GIS-O). This article integrates GIS and optimization tools for solving the vehicle routing problem with loading and distance requirements (DCVRP). A general outline of the multi-step integration is pointed out showing the interaction of the GIS and the spatial optimization according to the loose coupling strategy. The computational performance of the TS-VRP algorithm for the DCVRP turned out to be quite efficient on both computation time and solution quality. The Tunisian case study well illustrates the incentive behind using such a spatial decision support system that allows the management of the problem from the data acquisition to the visualization of possible simulation scenarios in a more realistic way.