复合式增材制造技术研究现状及发展

形性问题制约金属增材制造技术的发展与应用,复合式增材制造在解决制件形性问题方面效果显著。高度概括了复合式增材制造技术分类方式与主体类别;简要总结了增减材复合制造在制件成形精度和表面质量控制方面的研究进展和技术发展状况;重点评述了增等材复合制造技术类别、成形原理、制造特征和关键问题,以及在制件显微组织、应力状态、宏观性能调控方面的研究现状和主体结论;系统介绍了超声、电磁、激光三类特种辅助能场对增材熔池流动、结晶、固态相变的作用机制,以及特种能场作用下,增材层显微组织状态、力学性能、成形精度的演化规律;展望了复合式增材制造技术未来的发展趋势。     

冷金属过渡电弧增材制造技术研究进展

针对冷金属过渡(CMT)电弧增材制造技术存在的表面成形质量差、制件内部易形成孔隙等冶金缺陷、微观组织与性能调控困难等问题,从控形与控性两个方面出发,对CMT电弧增材制造技术研究进展进行了综述.首先,对CMT技术的原理及特点进行了分析与梳理;然后,对CMT电弧增材制造技术在"形"与"性"方面的调控方式进行了总结,具体阐述...     

基于曲面共形电路多轴联动打印控制系统设计

针对具有一定曲率变化的曲面共形互连电路在传统制造过程中工艺复杂、成本较高、应用范围较窄等问题,提出一种曲面共形互连电路多轴联动打印控制系统的设计,基于Arduino开发板和STM8芯片实现导电浆料在复杂三维曲面共形电路打印的控制。根据多轴协调联动及增材制造打印功能,设计该控制系统,即电源继电保护与控制单元、系统中央控制处理器、运动控制单元、温度检测单元、气体控制单元、激光控制单元。设置两种串口通讯连接上位机PC和驱动机械装置运动的STM8芯片。相比传统曲面共形互连电路制作工艺,该系统可降低成本,工艺简单。内测结果表明,系统运行稳定、可靠,具有一定独立性和可移植性,对曲面共形互连电路实现提供一定的控制研究价值。     

金属颗粒冷态高速微喷射增材制造工艺研究

针对金属零件三维自由直接成形工艺中普遍存在的高能耗、高热残余应力等问题,提出了金属颗粒冷态高速微喷射增材制造新工艺。以常温下的高压氮气作为加速气流,利用微喷枪将微米级的金属粒子加速至其临界速度以上形成沉积。针对高速微喷射增材制造平台搭建、具有高加速性能与高分辨率的微喷枪设计展开了研究,并在此基础上,进行了单点成形与单线成形的试验研究,通过最小特征尺寸的大小与稳定度分析新工艺成形精度与成形质量,通过微观结构与显微硬度分析新工艺成形件的基本力学性能。试验结果表明:在一定范围内,通过喷射压力的变化可以实现单点成形尺寸的线性可控,通过喷射压力与导轨移动速度可以实现直线成形线宽与层厚的线性可控;试验中的0.9 mm的最窄线宽与低于8%的线宽波动量保证了该工艺一定的加工精度与成形质量;致密的微观组织结构与较高的显微硬度值保证了该工艺成形件良好的力学性能;多层扫描时层与层之间致密结合保证了该工艺逐层累加制造的能力。研究表明,金属颗粒冷态高速微喷射是一种稳定可控,可行的增材制造新工艺。     

非可展开曲面多材喷射协同调控方法

针对非可展开曲面电子器件制造难度高、精度差的问题，提出了一种基于五轴联动的非可展开曲面多材喷墨打印方法，通过五轴运动机构带动双阵列喷头在非可展开曲面上喷射介质材料与导电材料，并经过多层堆叠后形成共形电子功能结构。首先，对非可展开曲面模型进行三角面片离散化和多项式曲面重构，并根据弓高误差进行小线段分割后生成打印数据；其次，针对传统定时触发导致加减速区间喷头触发点不均匀及墨水斜面流动的问题，依次提出了法向量打印方法及空间等距喷头触发方法，实现了多轴联动非可展开曲面法向量水平打印的同时，较定时喷射触发数量误差减小96.5%；然后，分析了多喷头切换及累积误差和对打印精度的影响机理，提出了残余长度补偿算法，实现了曲面多材料协同触发打印。最后，进行了曲面微带天线的多材打印实验。打印件测试结果表明，导线层的线宽和线间距平均绝对误差均能控制在7.2μm以内，为共形天线等电子装备的一体化成形制造提供基础。     

多机器人协同的五电弧增材制造装备及其应用

电弧增材制造是用于大型复杂金属构件成形的新技术,其制造装备是实现金属构件形性一体化制造的关键。研制了可实现3台机器人协同工作、金属构件形性一体化制造的五电弧增材制造装备,由增材单元、测量单元和减材加工单元等组成。利用RoboTeam软件包实现3台机器人协同工作,在总控单元中开发机器人路径规划软件,分别对3台机器人进行路径规划。采用研制的装备成形艉轴架时,其抗拉强度为543 MPa,屈服强度为426 MPa,伸长率为24.2%,-20℃冲击功为132 J,优于同成分铸造件的力学性能;艉轴架的尺寸与标准模型之间的整体偏差为±0.65 mm。     

基于激光原位预热的连续纤维增材制造层间强化机理研究

连续纤维复合材料增材制造具有成形自由度高、材料利用率高、模具依赖度低等优点,能够实现复合材料的快速低成本一体化制造,满足航空航天等领域复材构件短周期高性能的成形需求。但基于层层堆积成形原理的连续纤维复合材料制件层间性能较差,在长期使役过程中极易出现分层失效,严重限制其广泛应用。本研究提出了基于激光原位预热的连续纤维增材制造成形方法,通过建立基于“生死单元”技术的有限元仿真模型,揭示了激光预热对增材制造成形温度分布及其演变规律,并通过实验验证了其对改善成形制件层间性能的有效性,最终获得了激光预热的层间强化机理。结果表明,激光预热能够快速加热样件表面温度,促进层间树脂的熔合粘接,并进一步促进成形丝材的重熔浸渍,相较于未经预热样件,激光预热后层间剪切强度最大提升115%。     

陶瓷挤出和喷射增材制造技术研究进展

增材制造技术被认为是解决复杂结构陶瓷零部件制造的有效新途径之一.其由点-线-面-体累加成型的制造过程还为具有特殊宏微观结构的陶瓷零部件赋予了一体化的结构功能特性.综述了熔融沉积造型、挤出直写、喷墨打印以及粘接剂喷射等四种基于挤出或喷射成型原理的陶瓷增材制造技术的历史起源、工作原理、原材料制备以及打印工艺研究等内容,并结合研究实例探讨打印件性能与应用研究.通过不同技术的特点对比,提出目前陶瓷挤出喷射增材制造技术面临的主要挑战并进行了展望.     

陶瓷挤出和喷射增材制造技术研究进展

增材制造技术被认为是解决复杂结构陶瓷零部件制造的有效新途径之一.其由点-线-面-体累加成型的制造过程还为具有特殊宏微观结构的陶瓷零部件赋予了一体化的结构功能特性.综述了熔融沉积造型、挤出直写、喷墨打印以及粘接剂喷射等四种基于挤出或喷射成型原理的陶瓷增材制造技术的历史起源、工作原理、原材料制备以及打印工艺研究等内容,并结合研究实例探讨打印件性能与应用研究.通过不同技术的特点对比,提出目前陶瓷挤出喷射增材制造技术面临的主要挑战并进行了展望.     

一体化曲面共形频率选择表面雷达罩

频率选择表面雷达罩能有效提高飞行武器的隐身性能,而复杂不可展开曲面上频率选择表面的加工存在技术难题。本文利用CST仿真软件,分析了基于Y-型单元结构的二维无限大频率选择表面的电磁传输特性,同时构建三维雷达罩内置相控阵天线模型,分析了不同扫描角度下曲面雷达罩的透射率和瞄准误差,从理论上论证了方案的可行性。在此基础上,提出了一种基于多自由度激光机器人与旋转台联动的一体化曲面厚屏频率选择表面雷达罩加工方案。微波暗室测试结果表明,制备的共形曲面FSS雷达罩带内透射率达到80%左右,带外透射率低于10%,展示了良好的电磁滤波特性。这种工艺能够满足各种大型共形曲面FSS雷达罩的一体化加工需求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.