The Weka4WS framework for distributed data mining in service‐oriented Grids

The service‐oriented architecture paradigm can be exploited for the implementation of data and knowledge‐based applications in distributed environments. The Web services resource framework (WSRF) has recently emerged as the standard for the implementation of Grid services and applications. WSRF can be exploited for developing high‐level services for distributed data mining applications. This paper describes Weka4WS, a framework that extends the widely used open source Weka toolkit to support distributed data mining on WSRF‐enabled Grids. Weka4WS adopts the WSRF technology for running remote data mining algorithms and managing distributed computations. The Weka4WS user interface supports the execution of both local and remote data mining tasks. On every computing node, a WSRF‐compliant Web service is used to expose all the data mining algorithms provided by the Weka library. The paper describes the design and implementation of Weka4WS using the WSRF libraries and services provided by Globus Toolkit 4. A performance analysis of Weka4WS for executing distributed data mining tasks in different network scenarios is presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于服务网格的制造资源集成

提出了一种基于服务网格的制造资源集成方法，通过将服务网格技术引入制造行业，实现了制造资源的虚拟化，为制造资源提供了统一的接口和互操作协议、屏蔽平台及所使用技术的异构性。平台采用基于服务的协同工作流技术，在动态变化的环境中，能够根据用户需求优化业务逻辑及其执行过程，选择、配置和调度相应的制造资源完成指定的任务，实现跨组织的资源共享和任务协同。     

集成资源预留与QoS监控框架的元调度体系结构

缺乏服务质量保证已成为制约网格应用的瓶颈,针对该问题提出一个能够在网格中基于SLA协商资源预留并监控资源的QoS的服务框架。首先定义资源预留的XML Schema,使得资源请求者和提供者基于WS-Agreement能够协商包含关于资源预留的协定;然后遵循WSRF及WS-*规范设计和开发出一组Web服务用于构建基于WS-Agreement的资源预留与QoS监控框架（RMF）,并集成到GridWay元调度体系结构中使其能够支持基于QoS协商的资源管理;最后通过模拟实验,客观评估了RMF的性能。     

网格与Web服务的融合-WSRF和WS-Notification

Web服务通知(WS-Notification)和Web服务资源框架(WS-Resource Framework,简称WSRF)规范提供可扩展的发布／预定通知模式和用Web服务为有状态资源(Statefu Resource)建模的能力。本文首先介绍了OGSI和WSRF的关系,WSRF可以简单地看作是OGS11．0规范中的概念和接口的重写。WSRF通过Web服务资源(WS-Resource)方法来为有状态资源建模,通过WS-Resource方法来说明、执行Web服务和一个或多个指定类型的状态组件间的关系,阐述了通过Web服务接口来设置WS-Resource的属性和生命周期的方法,还讨论了预定／发布模式的通知机制是如何建立在WSRF基础上的,最后对WSRF和WS-Notmcation进行了简单总结并讨论了它的未来研究方向。     

Resource-oriented Computing: Design,Implementation, and Evaluation of WSRF.NET

Web services have changed the nature of distributed systems development and operation. The Grid community has begun architecting Grid systems to leverage available commercial and open-source Web services technology through the definition of “stateful resources.” These resource-oriented systems are an extension of service-oriented systems typically built using Web services in that they treat state (and the management of state) as an architectural concern rather than an application-level concern. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of WSRF.NET, a toolkit for building resource-oriented services using the Microsoft .NET platform. We describe the benefits WSRF.NET provides over “pure” .NET Web services for resource-oriented systems development, in terms of programmability (both programming-language abstractions and compile-time tooling) and improved run-time persistence/management of state. The run-time overhead of WSRF.NET is quantitatively evaluated against other technologies that can be used to add state management to Web services. We argue the core WSRF.NET primitives incur negligible overhead compared to typical domain-specific resource manipulation operations. For example, a computational simulation that lasts 10 min and reads/writes 100 medium-sized resources over those 10 min incurs only 0.46% overhead in WSRF.NET operations.     

基于服务等级的网格服务质量描述语言

针对网格服务质量管理中使用服务水平协议(SLA)带来较大协商开销的问题,提出基于服务等级的网格服务质量描述语言即网格服务等级语言(CGSL)及建立在CGSL之上的网格服务质量管理框架.服务等级是轻量级SLA,提供一种区分不同服务质量的机制.CGSL基于XML技术和WSRF规范,与Web服务描述语言(WSDL)兼容,用于描述网格服务提供方所能提供的不同服务等级,为监控服务质量提供具体信息.网格服务质量管理框架建立在CGSL之上,并通过Mobile Agent监控服务质量是否得到满足.一个具体的文件存储网格服务实例用来展示CGSL在网格服务质量管理中的应用.该实例表明CGSL以少量的服务等级代替复杂的SLA,能有效降低运行时消耗,适合异构多变的网格环境.     

Intelligent dynamic workflow support for a ubiquitous Web service-based manufacturing environment

The ubiquitous environment is increasingly being considered as a platform for finding and integrating separate distributed services. Individuals or businesses can provide their services in the form of Web services in such a ubiquitous environment, and business processes that integrate such ubiquitous Web services can be formed using workflow technology. Workflow design and execution in such a dynamic and distributed environment needs to be very flexible in terms of incorporating changes. Web services may suddenly become unavailable and backup services may need to be found, or several providers of services may not be identifiable at the design time of the workflow. Therefore, dynamically finding and invoking Web services based on the workflow semantics need to be supported. BPEL4WS is the most popular and promising language among the workflow design languages for Web services. However, one of the problems with BPEL4WS is that it references the fixed WSDL file, which makes the workflow less flexible in dynamic and ubiquitous environments. Another problem is that it limits the amount of resources to only those that are specified. This makes it difficult to support semantics for finding similar or backup services in a ubiquitous network. This paper focuses on extending the BPEL4WS framework to include semantics by adding semantic constructs into WSDL and making use of ontologies in the BPEL4WS engine in order to support dynamic workflows suitable for ubiquitous environments.     

DynaGrid: A dynamic service deployment and resource migration framework for WSRF-compliant applications

Large-scale Grid is a computing environment composed of Internet-wide distributed resources shared by a number of applications. Although WSRF and Java-based hosting environment can successfully deal with the heterogeneity of resources and the diversity of applications, the current Grid systems have several limitations to support the dynamic nature of large-scale Grid.This paper proposes DynaGrid, a new framework for building large-scale Grid for WSRF-compliant applications. Compared to the existing Grid systems, DynaGrid provides three new mechanisms: dynamic service deployment, resource migration, and transparent request dispatching. Two core components, ServiceDoor and dynamic service launcher (DSL), have been implemented as WSRF-compliant Web services to realize DynaGrid, which are applicable to any Java-based WSRF hosting environment. We construct a real testbed with DynaGrid on the Globus Toolkit 4 and evaluate the effectiveness of our framework using two practical applications. The evaluation results show that dynamic service deployment and resource migration in DynaGrid bring many advantages to large-scale Grid in terms of performance and reliability with minimal overhead.     

DynaGrid: An Adaptive, Scalable, and Reliable Resource Provisioning Framework for WSRF-Compliant Applications

The Web Services Resource Framework (WSRF) is a set of specifications which define a generic and open framework for modeling and accessing stateful resources using Web services. This paper proposes DynaGrid, a new framework for WSRF-compliant applications. Many new components, such as ServiceDoor, Dynamic Service Launcher, ClientProxy, and PartitionManager, have been introduced to offer adaptive, scalable, and reliable resource provisioning. All of these components are implemented as standard WSRF-compliant Web services, hence DynaGrid is complementary to the existing GT4. Our experimental evaluation shows that DynaGrid effectively utilizes Grid resources by allocating only the required number of resources adaptively according to the amount of incoming requests, providing both the scalability and the reliability at the same time.     

基于WSRF实现网格与Web服务的融合*

Web服务通知和Web服务资源框架规范提供了可扩展的发布/预订通知模式以及用Web服务为有状态资源建模的能力.介绍WSRF的核心规范,讨论WSRF在Globus Toolkit 4(GT4)的Java实现.最后给出一个基于WSRF和WS-Notification的开发实例,利用WSRF实现网格服务与Web服务的融合.     

基于BPEL4WS的网格服务组合体系结构及其分析

开放网格服务基础结构OGSI（Open Grid ServicesInfrastrstructure）把Web服务工作流引入到网格任务描述中,给出了几种Web服务与网格技术相融合机制,但并没有界定如何进行网格服务组合.而BPEL4WS（Business Process Execution Language for Web Services）是描述Web服务业务工作流的工业标准.通过对BPEL4WS和OGSI在生命周期管理、Web服务实例化和状态交互管理等方面异同的深度分析,提出了一种兼容OGIS并使用BPEL4WS来合成网格服务的高层体系结构.介绍了一个电力网电能损耗理论计算的实际应用原型系统,表明该文提出的体系结构可应用于网格服务的建模和构造.     

Petri网格构建探讨

介绍了Petri网的基本定义和对并发系统的描述.指出网格是完全异步并发的基础环境。分析了Web服务和网格资源是构造Petri网格的变化元素和状态元素,进而基于Web services标准和WSRF规范构造了Petri网格体系结构的层次模型,指出Petri网格应用就是构造Petri网模型实例。     

MicroMAIS: executing and orchestrating Web services on constrained mobile devices

Mobile devices with their more and more powerful resources allow the development of mobile information systems in which services are not only provided by traditional systems but also autonomously executed and controlled in the mobile devices themselves. Services distributed on autonomous mobile devices allow both the development of cooperative applications without a back‐end infrastructure and the development of applications blending distributed and centralized services. In this paper, we propose MicroMAIS: an integrated platform for supporting the execution of Web service‐based applications natively on a mobile device. The MicroMAIS platform is composed of mAS and μ‐BPEL. The former allows the execution of a single Web service, whereas the latter permits the orchestration of several Web services according to the WS‐BPEL standard. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

网格环境下动态编程模型研究

论文通过对0GSA体系结构的研究,对网格环境下的编程进行了探索,利用WebServiees对网格环境下传统的分布式软件资源进行封装,尽可能自动化地把异构的软件资源提供的服务封装为Web服务,把这些对外提供Web服务的构件组装为一个新的服务。从构件角度出发来看,这实际上也是一个复合构件,这个系统对外也以Web服务的方式提供服务。随着网格环境下服务数量的快速增长,如何自动地根据服务请求进行服务的动态组合,已成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。论文通过分析原有Web服务组合的特点,提出了基于关键字匹配的动态编程模型,根据用户需求的实时变化,方便用户编程。     

Distributed data mining patterns and services: an architecture and experiments

Distributed data mining implements techniques for analyzing data on distributed computing systems by exploiting data distribution and parallel algorithms. The grid is a computing infrastructure for implementing distributed high‐performance applications and solving complex problems, offering effective support to the implementation and use of data mining and knowledge discovery systems. The Web Services Resource Framework has become the standard for the implementation of grid services and applications, and it can be exploited for developing high‐level services for distributed data mining applications. This paper describes how distributed data mining patterns, such as collective learning, ensemble learning, and meta‐learning models, can be implemented as Web Services Resource Framework mining services by exploiting the grid infrastructure. The goal of this work was to design a distributed architectural model that can be exploited for different distributed mining patterns deployed as grid services for the analysis of dispersed data sources. In order to validate such an approach, we presented also the implementation of two clustering algorithms on the developed architecture. In particular, the distributed k‐means and distributed expectation maximization were exploited as pilot examples to show the suitability of the implemented service‐oriented framework. An extensive evaluation of its performance was provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向服务的网格体系架构*

Web服务和网格计算技术,出现了日益融合的趋势。网格研究人员在Web服务规范基础上进行了创造性的补充和改进,提出了适合网格需要的网格服务规范。网格服务规范的代表就是WSRF,它较好地解决了如何在一个成熟的无状态的Web服务框架内以一种标准的方式实现有状态资源的问题。     

基于Web服务的分布式仿真资源重用

实现全球资源共享是以网格为代表的新一代信息技术的主要目标,然而现有的分布式仿真资源远没有实现全球范围的共享,原因是缺乏对仿真资源统一的组织和管理,资源的可重用性不强,而利用网格和Web服务有望解决该问题.该文分析了Web服务、网格计算和高层体系结构HLA三者之间的潜在联系,设计了网格环境下以Web服务为中心的分布式仿真资源框架,在该框架中所有仿真资源都封装为Web服务.最后重点研究了HLA仿真系统中的联邦资源重用问题,对仿真服务的描述和仿真联邦的组合进行了深入的探讨和具体的设计,论证了方案的可行性.     

基于WSRF的Web服务资源的设计

讨论了基于Web服务资源框架(WSRF)的Web服务资源(WS-Resource)的设计。介绍了WSRF及其在Globus Toolkit4中的实现。论述了Globus Toolkits 4平台的基础：公共运行时，信息服务，执行期管理，数据管理，安全性以及WSRF的核心：WS-Resource。结合具体步骤，给出了利用Globus Toolkits 4平台设计具有良好可伸缩性的Web服务资源的过程。     

Resource Modeling and Cargos Tracking Service in Logistics Resource Grid Based on WSRF

I. INTRODUCTION The Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) [1] is a set of specifications announced in 2004 as a new way for manipulating stateful resources to perform grid tasks using web services. A WS-Resource is a composition of a web service and a stateful resource described by an XML schema that is associated with the web service’s port type and addressed by a WS-Addressing EndpointReference [2]. Four specifications in the WS-ResourceFramework have been released. WS-Resou…     

基于WSRF的网格应用程序模型研究与实践

讨论了基于Web服务资源框架(WSRF)的网格应用模型研究与实践。介绍了WSRF及其在GlobusToolkit4中的实现。重点讲述了GT4框架的基础:公共运行时、信息服务、执行期管理、数据管理、安全性,以及WSRF的核心:WS-Resource。最后结合具体步骤,给出了一种基于GT4平台设计具有良好可伸缩性的Web服务资源的模型。