铁磁性物体在地磁场中的自发"运动磁化"

依据法拉第电磁感应定律和铁磁性物质在磁化—退磁过程中的能量差异，阐明了铁磁性物体在地磁扬中的摆动、振动和周期性往复平动都会引起该物体的自发磁化。虽然每次磁化一退磁过程之后物体上的剩磁增量非常微小，但随着循环次数的增加，该物体最终必然被强烈的自发磁化。从而推知：地磁场的矢量特性和纬度效应对金属磁记忆检测与诊断技术适用性和可靠性的影响都不大。     

铁磁性物体在地磁场中的自发运动磁化

依据法拉第电磁感应定律和铁磁性物质在磁化一退磁过程中的能量差异，阐明了铁磁性物体在地磁场中的摆动、振动和周期性往复平动都会引起该物体的自发磁化。虽然每次磁化一退磁过程之后物体上的剩磁增量非常微小，但随着循环次数的增加该物体最终必然被强烈地自发磁化。从而推知：地磁场的矢量特性和纬度效应对金属磁记忆检测与诊断技术适用性和可靠性的影响都不大。     

磁致伸缩和磁记忆问题研究

从铁磁性材料的基本特性和最小自由能原理出发，探讨了应力和外磁场对磁性材料磁化状态的不同影响，讨论了磁致伸缩现象的规律和特点。用磁致伸缩方程组详细研究了磁记忆现象产生的条件和规律，分析了应力和地磁场在磁记忆现象中的不同作用。结论认为应力可改变材料的磁特性，地磁场则可改变材料的压磁性，两者共同作用产生净磁场，磁记忆现象不仅与应力和材料的磁特性有关，而且还与工件在空间的位置和方向有关。     

铁磁性材料试棒拉断后的自发磁化

问:为什么拉断后的铁磁性材料试棒常带有磁性? 答:这是地磁场中铁磁性材料在定向机械应力作用下发生应变磁化的结果。 由文献[1,2]知,若铁磁性材料试棒垂直于地磁     

地磁场中应力对磁畴组织的影响

研究了地磁场环境中应力对铁磁性材料磁畴结构的影响规律.利用Bitter粉纹法观察了未经磁化、受力程度不同的无取向硅钢片和20钢试件的磁畴结构,对比分析了应力对磁畴的影响.结果表明,铁磁试件应力集中部位的磁畴结构在应力作用下发生改变.未受力或应力集中较小时,晶粒内磁畴以片状畴为主,同一晶粒内畴壁相互平行,随着应力集中程度增加,畴壁长度和间距发生改变,并且磁畴结构出现迷宫畴,应力集中程度越大,迷宫畴数量越多.同时,拉应力和压应力对磁畴结构的影响规律不同.     

关于铁磁性物质的自发磁化

本文在铁磁性物质现有自发磁化理论模型的基础上提出，在自发磁化过程中除了电子之间的交换作用能以外，还存在的一项影响自发磁化的能量－无序能，在分子场模型的框轵内，引入一个作为热运动能，交换能和无序能的函数的有效分子场系数λ（Ｔ）。使用λ（Ｔ）计算出来的铁磁性物质在铁磁状态下自发磁化强度与温度的关系和在顺磁状态下磁化率与温度的关系，与Ｎｉ的实验结果符合得很好。     

基于磁传感器的带包覆层管道腐蚀脉冲涡流检测

使用隧道磁电阻(TMR)传感器对带包覆层的铁磁性管道的腐蚀进行脉冲涡流检测时,地磁场会对检测结果有影响。管道东西向放置时,针对70mm包覆层铁磁性管道腐蚀,TMR磁传感器分别放置于管道正上方、相对偏转45°、相对偏转90°进行了检测试验。试验结果表明,TMR放置角度对检测有一定影响;在实际检测中,TMR的接收方向与地磁场方向的角度发生较大改变时,应重新选取检测的参考基准。     

管道漏磁检测磁化问题分析

在漏磁法检测中为保证检测灵敏度,要求使被测材料磁化到饱和状态,降低可检测出的最小缺陷值。本文对铁磁性材料的开路磁化与闭路磁化进行比较,阐述了材料的磁化曲线的是在闭合磁路磁化条件下测得的,开路磁化曲线与材料的形状和尺寸有关,并且在开路磁化基础上论述了漏磁检测磁化方式的选择方式。     

磁粉检测磁化电流计算与分析

铁磁性金属的磁感应强度达到饱和值的80%左右时,其表面缺陷的漏磁场将迅速增加。贴于被检金属表面的灵敏度试片仅提供一个金属表面处空间切向磁场强度大小的指示,不能用来准确验证被检工件是否已被充分磁化。针对周向磁化、纵向磁化、近体导体磁化、触头磁化和磁轭磁化等磁粉检测磁化方法的磁场分布特征,依照ISO 9934或ASTM E1444标准,计算和分析实现高灵敏度检测的磁化电流强度。     

金属磁记忆法诊断的理论基础——铁磁性材料的弹—塑性应变磁化

电磁感应定律证明,铁磁性材料在地球磁场中的自发磁化来源于定向应力作用下材料本身的应变和交变应力作用下材料的非对称弹－塑性应变。某种铁磁性材料的自发磁化过程可由该材料的磁化和退磁曲线来估计,由此推得的磁弹性现象图与实验结果相一致。     

Three-dimensional constitutive equations of ferromagnetic materials with magnetoelastic coupling: Determination of elastic coefficients under magnetic field

This paper determines the elastic coefficients in the constitutive equations of typical ferromagnetic materials. The constitutive equations are given by rate-type equations for the magnetization and the strain expressed in terms of the magnetic field and the stress. The authors have shown that the constitutive equations can describe the stress-dependent hysteretic magnetization curve, the stress magnetization effects, the stress-dependent magnetostriction curve, etc. They have determined the coefficients except the elastic coefficients as functions of the magnetization and the stress for typical ferromagnetic materials. In this paper, we attempt to obtain the elastic coefficients depending on the magnetization and the stress. To do it, applying the magnetoacoustic effect, we measure the stress–strain curves and the speeds of the longitudinal and the transverse ultrasonic waves under the magnetic field.     

Stress induced magnetic field abnormality

Residual stresses in ferromagnetic material affect the direction and structure of domains and generate magnetic field abnormality on the surface.In the formation of stress induced magnetic field,the influence of geomagnetic field is unclear.Residual stress specimen was produced by tight matching of a round ring and a peg.The magnetic fields of contrast specimens,which were produced in geomagnetic field or in shielding geomagnetic field,were ingspected with 8mm lift-off.The results show that mean amplitude of magnetic field of the specimen produced in geomagnetic field is 0.85% larger than that of specimen produced in shielding geomagnetic field.So the formation of stress induced magnetic field abnormality above the surface of inspected ferromagnetic material geomagnetic field gives little contribution.     

漏磁通检测中铁磁材料的磁化状态

讨论缺陷引起的附加磁场和外磁化场对铁磁材料的磁化作用,引入有效磁导率和平衡磁导率来描述铁磁材料不同区域的磁化状态,建立铁磁材料中的磁化状态及磁偶极子模型中的关荷密度与外磁化场强度、铁磁材料的内禀磁性质以及铁磁材料中磁路和缺陷几何尺寸的关系。     

Effect of the magnetic state on the damping properties of iron and nickel alloys

The dependences of the ΔEeffect and internal friction on the magnetic field have been investigated upon the magnetization and magnetization reversal of some polycrystalline ferromagnetic materials with different properties. It has been shown that for all the materials that have been investigated there is characteristic a nonmonotonic dependence of the magnitude of internal friction on the magnetic field both for the magnetization curves and for the major hysteresis loops. It is shown that in the sonic frequency range of elastic vibrations the basic mechanism of the formation of the magnetic peaks of internal friction in the materials investigated is magnetostrictive; the damping depends simultaneously on the instantaneous values of magnetostriction and magnetostrictive sensitivity.     

On the properties of a stochastic magnetic structure of low-dimensional ultradisperse ferromagnets

Analysis is given of the effect of the dimensionality of structural inhomogeneities on the properties of the magnetic structure of ultradisperse ferromagnetic materials. The coordinate dependence of the magnetization dispersion of magnets with one-dimensional and two-dimensional inhomogeneities of magnetic anisotropy has been calculated. The linear dimension of a magnetic block for one-and two-dimensional inhomogeneities of the anisotropy field has been estimated. A method for exact calculation of the distribution function of magnetization rotations in the block is suggested.     

地磁场方向对应力集中引起的磁场畸变的影响

金属零件在地磁场环境下,相对方向不断变化的地磁场对应力集中所引起的磁场畸变的影响至今缺乏一致的结论。通过模拟工件在地磁场环境中绕竖直方向旋转的试验,研究了地磁场等弱场的方向变化与应力集中导致的畸变磁场幅度之间的关系。试验结果显示,固定应力引起的磁场畸变与拉伸作用力方向上的磁场大小呈近似线性的正相关关系,说明在地磁场环境下,应力集中引起的畸变磁场的大小主要受与载荷方向平行的外磁场分量影响。     

Micromagnetic technology for detection of carbon impurity in crystalline silicon

This paper proposes a method of lossless micromagnetic detection in the geomagnetic field for detecting traces of carbon impurity defects in crystalline silicon. The magnetization tests show that crystalline silicon is a diamagnetic substance with a stronger relative permeability than carbon. Micromagnetic decay theory is gained according to the energy decay. When the geomagnetic field penetrates through the materials, the apparent magnetic susceptibility can be calculated and subsequently used to project the images. The resulting image clearly showed the location of the defects. Test results are proved by the metallographic phase and spectral analysis. New method and ideas are provided for effective detection of trace carbon impurity defects in the crystalline silicon.