PKD节油添加剂

江苏省海城市振华化学试剂厂研制成功的FKD节油添加剂,是一种专门用于柴油和汽油的添加剂,广泛应用于火车、汽车、轮船和其它各种内燃机。经工业化生产表明,每吨柴油使用C型节油添加剂可节油60公斤,每吨汽油使用A     

英吉利海峡格恩济岛的柴油机发电

<正> 格恩济岛系海峡群岛中的一大岛。1991年4月美国通用电气公司(GEC)Alsthom 大机组有限公司从新苏尔兹(Sulzer)内燃机有限公司为格恩济岛电力局提供了一套柴油发电机组及其辅助设备.在此以前已给该岛提供过同类型的四套机组.     

乘改革开放春风开拓燃机安装市场

以天然气或柴油为燃料的燃气－蒸汽联合循环发电技术具有热效率高，对环境污染小的突出优点，央国内外建设燃机电厂逐年呈上升之势。文章总结了武汉电力燃机安装有限公司秉发放的春风，开辟国内燃机安装市场的发展道路，为优质、高速地建设燃机电站，争取早日打入国际市场提供了富贵的经验。     

指导性规范保证分布式电源顺利发展——专访中国电力科学研究院首席专家胡学浩

分布式电源本身并非一种全新的电源形式,过去,在医院、矿山等一些重要的部门或场所,用户往往自行安装一些小型发电设备作为紧急备用电源,目的是为增加可靠性和安全性。目前所谓的分布式电源通常并非指采用柴油发电机组的紧急备用电源或燃煤的自备电厂小热电,而是指以天然气为燃料的燃气轮机、内燃机、微型     

电机变频调速控制系统在内燃机试验台架中的应用

目前的内燃机试验台架难以实现对于内燃机动力性能和负荷特性的精确分析,导致其应用效果差,为此本文进行了电机变频调速控制系统在内燃机试验台架中的应用研究.在国内外试验台架研究的基础上,确定内燃机试验台架布局,将试验台架分为台架和控制系统两部分;确定测功器型号、传感器性能和冷却控制程序,设计内燃机台架数据采集模块,完成内燃机台架部分设计;利用电机变频调速控制系统对内燃机转速、扭矩进行控制,完成内燃机控制部分设计.通过试验统计了三种内燃机试验台架的试验结果与实际值,分析比较柴油机动力性能和负荷特性.试验结果表明,此次设计的基于电机变频调速控制系统的内燃机试验台架,可以准确分析出柴油机动力性能和负荷特性,实际应用效果好.     

基于废气排放和工况参数信息融合的内燃机失火故障诊断

提出一种利用内燃机排气中HC,CO2,O2浓度和内燃机工况参数信息融合的内燃机失火故障诊断方法,并提出描述内燃机失火程度的模糊评价指标,进行内燃机有失火故障和无故障排气成分检测对比实验,通过RBF神经网络建立失火程度评价指标与排气中HC,CO2,O2浓度以及内燃机工况参数之间关系的诊断模型.仿真分析结果表明,此模型能正确诊断内燃机失火故障.     

浅谈爆炸性气体环境用往复式内燃机的防爆技术

往复式内燃机近年来越来越广泛地被应用于一些特殊爆炸危险场所及一些移动式设备上,因此,其应用的防爆安全性就显得更为重要。通过对爆炸性气体环境用往复式内燃机防爆结构及防爆技术的介绍,提出了往复式内燃机应采取的防爆技术措施及应用在潜在爆炸性气体危险场所的相关安全要求,从而确保内燃机的防爆安全性能。     

以煤层气为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统的模拟与分析

固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)发电具有效率高、噪声低、排放低的优点。为评估煤层气SOFC发电系统性能,并与现有燃气内燃机发电技术进行对比,在AspenPlus模拟环境中构建了SOFC发电系统流程,研究30%和91%煤层气浓度下水碳比、电流密度、空气预热温度等参数对系统性能的影响,并与燃气内燃机发电进行技术经济性比较。结果表明,使用30%浓度煤层气时,SOFC发电效率为38.7%,略低于燃气内燃机发电效率,年CO2排放量与燃气内燃机接近;使用91%浓度煤层气时,SOFC发电效率为53.2%,高出燃气内燃机13.4%,年燃料成本降低24%,年CO2排放量相比燃气内燃机降低23%;受大量冷却空气的影响,SOFC的NOx排放是燃气内燃机的2倍。由结果可知,当煤层气浓度在30%以上时,SOFC相比燃气内燃机才具有效率优势;煤层气浓度越高,SOFC的效率优势越明显;当煤层气浓度低于30%时,建议仍使用燃气内燃机进行发电。     

提高生物质能利用率的探讨

从目前能源缺乏的形势阐述了利用生物质能源的必然趋势。对几种利用秸秆发电方式进行了比较,建议广泛建设农村以村(屯)为单位的、以燃气内燃机为基础的分布式能源系统。分析了秸秆气化后提供内燃机燃料发电方式,并可将燃气内燃机排出的废热回收利用,既能提高资源的利用率,也能减少污染物的排放。     

大型工业厂房10kV应急柴油发电机组的设计与并网控制

以某大型工业厂房10kV应急柴油发电机组的设计实例为背景。重点论述了柴油发电机组输出电压的选择、柴油发电机与10kV市网的并网控制,简单介绍了柴油发电机机房土建条件的设计,为类似工程的应急柴油发电机组设计提供参考。     

生物油/柴油乳化油制备及其在柴油机上的燃烧试验研究

采用Span-80/Tween-80复合乳化剂配制生物油/柴油乳化油,并在单缸直喷式柴油发动机试验台上研究其燃烧特性以及NOx、CO、CH4和碳烟等排放特性。结果表明:当所用乳化剂亲水亲油平衡(hydrophilic lipophilic balance,HLB)值为6.0时,生物油质量分数为5%和10%的乳化油性质稳定,稳定时间分别可达242和125 h;乳化油的热重特性与柴油基本一致;2种乳化油燃烧的有效热效率均高于柴油;与柴油相比,相同负荷下乳化油燃烧时NOx、CH4和碳烟排放较低,特别是CH4和碳烟排放量明显下降;当乳化油中生物油含量较低时,CO排放量与燃用柴油时的CO排放量相近;但当生物油含量较高时,乳化油燃烧释放的CO量要高于柴油。     

Advanced gear-shifting and clutching strategy for a parallel-hybridvehicle

In parallel-hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), both the electric drive and the internal combustion engine provide driving torque to the wheels either separately or together. The electric drive also can be used as a generator to recharge the batteries when the engine produces more power than is needed to propel the vehicle. As a result of the battery peak power density requirement, the vehicle needs a multispeed transmission between the electric drive and the main differential. In addition, due to the load sharing between the two independent driving sources, a clutch to separate the internal combustion engine and electric drive from the drive shaft is also required. Because the shift quality is directly related to the driving comfort of the vehicle, it is important to reduce both shift shock and time. To enhance the shift quality, we have proposed the advanced gear-shifting and clutching strategy for a parallel-hybrid drive train with an automated manual transmission (AMT). By using the electronically controlled AMT, users can achieve the optimal gear shifting, with regard to the efficiency of the hybrid drive train. Owing to the speed control of the induction machine and the diesel engine at gear shifting, the synchronization is always guaranteed and it reduces the shift shock and shortens the shift time. The dynamo-based experiments have been carried out for the purpose of proving the validity of the proposed transmission and clutch control in parallel-hybrid drive trains     

基于Super-Twisting算法的内燃机车永磁同步发电系统策略研究

为了使内燃机车永磁同步发电系统在内燃机全速范围内和突变性负载条件下均能稳定控制中间直流环节电压且减小电压的脉振,采用Super-Twisting高阶滑模算法对电压外环进行控制得到给定转矩,与传统PI外环控制相比,中间直流环节电压开始的超调减小,且电压跟随性、稳定性得到提升。同时,为了提高发电系统变流器容量利用率,在矢量控制的基础上,提出改进的功率因数控制策略对电机进行控制。仿真试验表明,所提发电系统在内燃机宽转速范围、突变性负载条件下,可以得到平稳且能够快速恢复的中间直流电压。同时,发电系统在切换转矩内无功功率基本能稳定在零附近,超过切换转矩后无功功率依旧保持较低水平,提高了变流器容量利用率。     

Continuous Regeneration of Ceramic Particulate Filter in Stationary Diesel Engine by Nonthermal-Plasma-Induced Ozone Injection

Every year, stricter regulations are imposed on diesel engine emissions. It is difficult to satisfy these regulations only by improving the combustion improvement techniques in the near future. We require highly effective postprocessing technology for the removal of particulate matter (PM) such as carbonaceous particulate from diesel engine emissions. Ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has emerged as a leading technology for the removal of PMs. However, PM incineration or regeneration is a major problem encountered in the use of DPFs at low temperatures. In this paper, pilot-scale experiments are conducted for regenerating the DPF in a stationary diesel engine generator by nonthermal-plasma-induced ozone injection at low temperatures and atmospheric pressures. In this process, NO₂ and O₃ produced by a plasma reactor are used for the incineration of PMs accumulated on the DPF. The regeneration experiment is conducted by using a small diesel engine and a surface-discharge-type plasma ozonizer. The amount of O₃ required for the continuous regeneration of the DPF is determined under different operating conditions of the engine. It is confirmed that the difference between pressures upstream and downstream of the DPF or the pressure difference decreases only when the plasma is turned on, and the DPF is regenerated at approximately 250degC. The plasma energy required for DPF regeneration is only 0.25% of the power generated by the engine.     

Clean burn: hydrogen engine emission management

The concerns over atmospheric pollution and dwindling petroleum supplies continue to stimulate research on new, clean, and fuel?efficient vehicle technologies. Electric vehicles have not been accepted by the general public due to the high cost of batteries and limited range. Although hybrid electric vehicles with gasoline or diesel engines have addressed the problem of limited vehicle range and reduce emissions, they still discharge emissions and consume petroleum. Hydrogen fuel cells are being considered as an ideal candidate for future vehicles, due to their high efficiency and near-zero emission. However, fuel cell vehicles are thought to be more of a long-term reality because of their high cost and low reliability. Compared with using the fuel cell as a power source, the hydrogen internal combustion engine achieves economic feasibility. Based on existing engine technologies, the hydrogen engine can be a low-emission, low-cost, and practical alternative in the near future to compete with the fuel cell. Many research achievements have indicated that the potential for the hydrogen engine to operate as clean and efficient power source for vehicles is well established.     

一种柴油机示功图曲线光顺处理算法研究

示功图是描述柴油机气缸内气体的压力随着曲轴转角变化而变化的曲线,通过分析示功图曲线,可以获取柴油机燃烧 状况和运行状态。 柴油机工作过程中,具有噪音大、振动大等特点,使得测量得到的示功图曲线存在大量的干扰信号,严重影响 分析精度。 针对以上问题,提出了一种消除示功图曲线干扰信号的处理算法,该算法有效地融合了均值滤波、中值滤波、畸点数 据替代处理算法、改进的畸点数据局部滤波处理算法以及五点三次光顺处理算法,能够有效地消除示功图曲线中的干扰信号。 采用 4190ZLC 型柴油机分设置柴油机转速 945 r/ min、负载率 30%和转速 1 000 r/ min,负载率 50%进行实验验证,结果表明,该 算法能够有效地滤除示功图数据中的高频干扰信号,同时,在保持示功图曲线较小失真的条件下,获得了平滑、连续的示功图 曲线。     

基于GCY520型地铁内燃车的控制系统设计

鉴于微机控制系统直接影响内燃车的性能和使用寿命,而传统的控制系统实时性差,处理能力有限,很难精确控制。基于技术和成本考虑提出了适用于 GCY520型地铁内燃车的微机控制系统方案。整个系统方案分为硬件设计和软件设计两大部分。硬件设计采用贝加莱公司的 PLC 模块搭建硬件平台,由 CPU 模块、通信模块、输入输出模块、温度测量模块、计数模块以及两个显示屏组成。软件设计以贝加莱公司开发的 Automation Studio V3.0.90.28为基础,采用C语言和梯形图实现整个系统的逻辑控制。最后装入 GCY520型地铁内燃车对硬件电路中的信号和系统功能进行验证,结果表明信号的完整性良好,能实现对内燃车的柴油机和传动箱等设备的控制,经济实用且可靠性高,是一种具有良好应用前景的控制系统。