零ODP可生物降解型聚氨酯泡沫塑料

阐述了国内外可生物降解聚氨酯材料的发展概况,重点介绍了采用植物油、二氧化碳、纤维素、淀粉等为原料制备可生物降解型聚氨酯泡沫塑料用低聚多元醇的方法、原理及工艺,并结合零ODP发泡剂的种类和性能简要讨论了它们在可生物降解型聚氨酯泡沫塑料上的使用情况及发展趋势。     

技术创新

江苏用二氧化碳制聚氨酯泡沫塑料获成功近日,由江苏省玉华金龙绿色化学有限公司开发的新型二氧化碳制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料技术通过了国家环保总局组织的鉴定。这种产品可作为缓冲包装材料,废弃后完全生物降解。金龙绿色化学有限公司以华东特大二氧化碳气田的二氧化碳气体为主要原料,通过与环氧化物调节共聚得到脂肪族聚碳酸酯多元醇及聚氨酯泡沫塑料。制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料可以完全生物降解,不留有害物质。经中国环境科学研究院检测,一个月降解33%,优于所有合成高分子材料及其与淀粉的共混物,具有高强度、高模量等特点。预计到2005年,中国塑料…     

中国塑料专利

挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料；高摩尔质量乳酸共聚物的制备方法；超疏水的多孔聚氯乙烯膜及其制备方法;可生物降解的树脂组合物及其制备方法     

可生物降解型聚氨酯

综述了可再生原料制备可生物降解高分子材料的发展趋势及意义。重点介绍了国内外一些基于可再生原料(特别是多种植物油)的可生物降解型聚氨酯的制备方法及产品性能。较详细介绍了国内外采用大豆油、蓖麻油、棕榈油、油酸、山梨醇、腰果酚、动物胶、脱乙酰壳多糖、乳酸等作可再生原料,制备可生物降解聚合物多元醇及相关聚氨酯制品(特别是水性聚氨酯制品)的方法及产品性能。简要报道了国内外可生物降解工业化产品实例。指出该领域发展中存在的问题和研究方向。     

聚碳型聚氨酯泡沫塑料问世

中科院广州化学研究院以二氧化碳和环氧丙烷作为原料 ,制备了相对分子质量在 30 0 0左右、分子中碳酸酯基团的摩尔分数在 30 %～ 40 %的聚碳酸酯多元醇 ,采用此原料以及全水发泡的方法制备出脂肪族聚碳型聚氨酯半硬泡塑料。这种半硬泡聚氨酯与传统的半硬泡相比 ,强度和密度高。另外 ,由于该泡沫体中含有大量的COO结构单元 ,其燃烧热要比聚醚型聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚酯型聚氨酯泡沫等低得多 ,本身具有一定的阻燃性。研究还表明 ,以二氧化碳和环氧乙烷作为起始原料得到的聚碳酸亚乙酯聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有良好的生物降解性 ,对环保很有利。聚碳型…     

以生物质为原料制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

主要介绍了目前国内外利用淀粉、松香、植物油、纤维素、木质素等生物质原料用于合成聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展。以生物质替代石化原料,可以改善聚氨酯泡沫塑料生物降解性等性能,可降低产品生产成本,提高市场竞争力。     

可生物降解型水性聚氨酯的研究进展

简要介绍了可生物降解型水性聚氨酯的降解机理,重点综述了纤维素、木质素、淀粉及植物油改性的可生物降解型水性聚氨酯的研究现状及最新进展,最后对可生物降解型水性聚氨酯的研究及应用前景进行了展望。     

环境友好型阻燃高回弹聚氨酯软泡性能

开发环境友好型聚氨酯是目前聚氨酯（polyurethane,PU）泡沫塑料领域的热点课题。在PU中引入大豆分离蛋白质（soy protein isolate,SPI）,采用阻燃聚醚制备了环境友好型阻燃高回弹聚氨酯软泡。研究了SPI的不同添加方式及用量对聚氨酯软泡物理、力学、阻燃和生物降解性能的影响。结果表明,SPI以添加的方式而不是替代聚醚的方式加入软泡性能更好;少量添加SPI可以提高PU软泡的开孔率、密度、压陷硬度、舒适因子、回弹率和断裂伸长率,对压缩永久变形率、拉伸强度和极限氧指数影响不大。SPI改变了PU的硬段结构,可以有效促进聚氨酯泡沫的生物降解。     

大豆油多元醇的改性及其在聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用研究进展

综述了将大豆油进行改性制备大豆油多元醇,替代石油基聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯的研究进展,并展望了大豆油在制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用前景和发展趋势。主要从4个方面进行了介绍:羟基化合物改性大豆油制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料、巯基乙醇改性大豆油制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料、引入第三组分制备聚氨酯复合材料、特殊官能团改性大豆油多元醇制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料等。     

2006年中国聚氨酯论文文摘（二十四）

可见光固化复合树脂及其胶粘剂的制备和性能研究;客车涂装用聚氨酯中间涂层的研制和应用;可水分散多异氰酸酯;可生物降解聚氨酯在医学中的应用;可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂的制备及其性能.     

Biodegradable polyurethane foam from liquefied waste paper and its thermal stability,biodegradability, and genotoxicity

Liquefaction of waste paper (WP) was conducted in the presence of polyhydric alcohols to prepare biodegradable polyurethane foam. The liquefied‐WP‐based polyol had suitable characteristics such as apparent molecular weight, hydroxyl value, and viscosity for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam and was successfully applied to produce polyurethane foam with the appropriate combinations of foaming agents. The obtained foams showed satisfactory densities and mechanical properties as good as those of foams obtained from liquefied wood‐ and starch‐based polyols. The foams had almost the same thermal stability at initial weight loss and seemed to be potentially biodegradable because they were degraded to some extent in leaf mold. There were no mutagens or carcinogens in the water extracts of the foams. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1482–1489, 2002     

生物降解聚氨酯切花泥的研制

用魔芋部分代替聚醚多元醇,及甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯为主要原料合成了具有较高吸水性、保水性和可生物降解型聚氨酯泡沫。考察了异氰酸指数,硅油用量、反应温度对合成的影响。结果表明最佳的制备条件为魔芋精粉、PPG-3000、甘油为混合聚醚、异氰酸指数1.134;硅油3%、油浴40~50℃、搅拌8h。合成的聚氨酯泡沫有较高吸水性、保水性和生物降解性能,适合用做生物降解切花泥。     

基于天然多糖的共混型可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料研究

以微晶纤维素(MCC)和淀粉(ST)两种天然多糖为填料,制备了共混型硬质和半硬质可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF),利用材料试验机研究了其力学性能,通过土壤掩埋和需氧堆肥化两种手段研究了其降解性能。结果表明,MCC和ST可以以较大比例与聚氨酯进行共混,在硬质PUF(RPUF)中的质量分数可达23.3%,在半硬质PUF(SRPUF)中的质量分数可达20.0%;随着填料用量的增加,RPUF的压缩弹性模量和强度有一定提高,但冲击强度下降较大,SRPUF在保持其断裂伸长率基本不变的同时其拉伸强度有一定提高;随着填料用量的增加或降解时间的延长,PUF的生物降解程度提高;ST填充试样的力学和生物降解性能优于MCC填充试样。     

聚氨酯制品的应用现状及发展趋势

说明了聚氨酯泡沫的种类，介绍了硬质泡沫、软质泡沫、弹性体泡沫及非泡沫制品在经济中的广泛应用；同时展示了我国聚氨酯的现状及其在未来的发展前景。     

飞机座椅垫用聚氨酯软质泡沫发展现状及适航标准

简述了飞机座椅用聚氨酯软质泡沫的发展现状及阻燃聚氨酯软泡的研究进展,展望了用于飞机座椅的聚氨酯材料的市场和前景。详细介绍了美国联邦航空局(FAA)及空中客车公司适用于飞机座椅垫的适航标准。     

可生物降解型聚氨酯的降解机理及研究进展

介绍了可生物降解型聚氨酯的概念、合成方式和降解性能表征方法以及降解机理,按可降解型聚氨酯发展4个阶段的顺序,综述了近年来国内外可生物降解型聚氨酯材料的研究进展,并指出了目前可降解型聚氨酯发展存在的问题和发展趋势。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料无卤阻燃技术的研究进展

简要介绍了研究无卤阻燃技术对聚氨酯泡沫塑料（PUF）阻燃的必要性和重要性,并对不同类型阻燃剂对PUF的阻燃剂机理做了介绍。较全面地综述了反应型和添加型无卤阻燃剂对PUF阻燃的研究进展。其包括添加型阻燃剂中的有机添加型和无机添加型阻燃剂。另外,在无机膨胀型阻燃剂中,特别介绍无卤可膨胀石墨（EG）对PUF阻燃的研究进展。最后指出功能化的核壳结构无卤复合阻燃剂将是聚氨酯泡沫塑料无卤阻燃技术研究和发展的必然趋势。     

Development of a rigid polyurethane foam from palm oil

The reactions between polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate (polymeric MDI) and conventional polyols to produce foamed polyurethane products are well documented and published. Current polyurethane foams are predominantly produced from these reactions whereby the polyol components are usually obtained from petrochemical processes. This article describes a new development in polyurethane foam technology whereby a renewable source of polyol derived from refined–bleached–deodorized (RBD) palm oil is used to produce polyurethane foams. Using very basic foam formulation, rigid polyurethane foams were produced with carbon dioxide as the blowing agent generated from the reaction between excess polymeric MDI with water. The foams produced from this derivatized RBD palm oil have densities in excess of 200 kg/m³ and with compression strengths greater than 1 MPa. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 509–515, 1998     

Mechanical characterization of phenolic foams modified by short glass fibers and polyurethane prepolymer

Short glass fibers and polyurethane prepolymer were used to modify phenolic foams. The mechanical properties of the composites were characterized and compared with those of foams unmodified and modified with only polyurethane prepolymer or short glass fibers in terms of friability, compression, and bending properties. It shows that polyurethane prepolymer significantly improved the toughness and reduced the friability of phenolic foams, while short glass fibers markedly increased the compression and bending properties. The compound modified foams exhibited significantly lower friability and higher resistance to cracking behavior than conventional phenolic foams and the foams modified with only short glass fibers, and were much stiffer and stronger than conventional phenolic foams and the foams modified with only polyurethane prepolymer. The compound modified phenolic foams with the 1:3 ratio of short glass fibers to polyurethane prepolymer exhibited excellent integrated mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1584–1589, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polyurethanes reinforced with Spartium Junceum fibers

The search for alternative polymer composites prepared by renewable resources is gaining increasing attention in the industrial sector. Here we prepared new polyurethane (PU) composite foams with high percentages of the natural vegetable fibers Spartium Junceum in conjunction with biodegradable polyethylene glycols (PEGs). The density and mechanical properties of PU foams were investigated. Further characterization of the morphology of these materials was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Here we show that these properties can be easily tuned by changing the molecular length of PEGs, the weight ratio between the two principal monomers, and the fraction of water added to the reacting mixtures. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3042–3049, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers