用于超外差接收机提供本振源的高功率510 GHz单片集成三倍频器

本文介绍了一种基于砷化镓材料的高功率490~530 GHz单片集成三倍频器。基于提出的对称平衡结构,该三倍频器不仅可以实现良好的振幅和相位平衡,用来实现高效的功率合成,还可以在没有任何旁路电容的情况下提供直流偏置路径以保证高效倍频效率。同时,开展容差性仿真分析二极管关键电气参数与结构参数对倍频性能的影响研究,以便最大化提升倍频性能。最终,在大约80~200 mW的输入功率驱动下,研制的510 GHz三倍频,在490~530 GHz频率范围内,输出功率为4~16 mW,其中峰值倍频效率11%。在522 GHz频点处,该三倍频在218 mW的输入功率驱动下,产生16 mW的最大输出功率。该三倍频器后期将用于1 THz的固态外超外差混频器的本振源。     

基于片上肖特基二极管的高功率三倍频器设计

提出了一种基于片上集成电容工艺和带阻滤波结构的高功率三倍频器设计方法。在倍频器输入端,首先对倍频器二极管的直流偏置馈电部分进行改进,在梁式引线结构基础上结合二氧化硅（S_iO₂）工艺实现了片上集成电容,同时解决了三倍频器的直流馈电和射频接地问题,实现电路功能集成的同时也提高了模型仿真精度。此外,在二极管的输入端采用带阻滤波器结构替代传统的低通滤波结构,在保证倍频器性能的同时进一步简化倍频器结构复杂度和尺寸。为进行验证,设计并加工测试了两款中心频率分别为110 GHz和220 GHz的双路功率合成三倍频器。实际测试结果表明,在输入功率500 mW条件下,110 GHz三倍频器的输出峰值功率达到了140 mW,峰值效率接近30%,带宽超过15 GHz;在输入功率300 mW条件下,220 GHz三倍频器的输出峰值功率达到了45 mW,峰值效率达到15%,带宽为15 GHz。两款倍频的测试结果均有优秀表现,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

基于分离式二极管的220GHz 高效率倍频器

在分离式二极管的基础上,实现了220 GHz高效率的二倍频器结构。该倍频器的电路在450 μm宽,2.7 mm长的50 μm石英基片上实现。测试结果表明,在室温下当驱动功率在46.4~164 mW时,在214~226 GHz的频段内能够实现大于16%的倍频效率。另外,当驱动功率在161 mW时,倍频器在218 GHz频点能够输出最高功率32 mW,并且在多个频点拥有高于20%的倍频效率。实验证明,所实现的二倍频器能够作为660 GHz倍频链路的驱动前级使用。     

基于分离式二极管的220 GHz高效率倍频器（英文）

在分离式二极管的基础上,实现了220 GHz高效率的二倍频器结构.该倍频器的电路在450μm宽,2. 7mm长的50μm石英基片上实现.测试结果表明,在室温下当驱动功率在46. 4～164 mW时,在214～226 GHz的频段内能够实现大于16%的倍频效率.另外,当驱动功率在161 mW时,倍频器在218 GHz频点能够输出最高功率32 mW,并且在多个频点拥有高于20%的倍频效率.实验证明,所实现的二倍频器能够作为660 GHz倍频链路的驱动前级使用.     

0.2 THz二倍频器研究

基于六阳极结反向串联型GaAs平面肖特基二极管,设计并实现了0.2 THz大功率二倍频器。肖特基二极管倒装焊接在50m石英电路上。采用电磁场和电路联合设计仿真获得了二倍频器的倍频效率。当入射功率在100 mW时,输出频率在190~225 GHz带内效率大于5%。在小功率（Pin100 mW）和大功率（Pin300 mW）注入条件下,测试了倍频电路的输出功率和倍频效率。在100 mW驱动功率下采用自偏压测试,最大输出功率为14.5 mW@193 GHz,对应倍频效率为14%;在300 mW驱动功率下采用自偏压测试,在188~195 GHz,输出功率大于10 mW,最大输出功率为35 mW@192.8 GHz,对应倍频效率为11%。     

连续波输出功率111.27 mW的G波段四端口平衡式倍频器

利用新颖的四端口平衡式二倍频原型,开发了215~230 GHz 频段的肖特基变容管倍频器,并具备更加优秀的变频效率和功率容量。同时,所提出的倍频架构能够实现奇次谐波和四次谐波的本征抑制,并且其中采用的二极管管结数量相对于传统平衡倍频结构提升了两倍。因此,这种四端口倍频电路可以实现更好的转换效率和双倍的功率处理能力。在室温下,当输入功率为196 ~ 340 mW 时,该倍频器具有约39.5% 的峰值转换效率（@218 GHz） ,即使在较高的频率下,该倍频器也被证明是高功率太赫兹波信号产生的理想解决方案。     

高功率110 GHz平衡式肖特基二极管频率倍频器

高频段的太赫兹信号通常是由多个倍频器级联输出的,因此要求倍频链路的前级必须具备高输出功率的能力。为了提升太赫兹倍频器的功率容量和效率,结合高频特性下肖特基二极管有源区电气模型建模方法,采用高热导率的陶瓷基片,利用对称边界条件,在HFSS和ADS中实现对倍频器电路的分析和优化,研制出了高功率110 GHz平衡式倍频器。最终测试结果表明,驱动功率为28 dBm左右时,该倍频器在102~114.2 GHz的工作带宽内的最高输出功率和效率分别为108 mW和17.6%,为链路后续的二倍频和三倍频提供足够的驱动功率。     

大功率单路和功率合成式100~115GHz 肖特基平衡式二倍频器

研究了基于肖特基二极管的单路和功率合成式110 GHz大功率平衡式二倍频器。单路倍频器电路具有33%的峰值测试效率,且其工作带宽超过13.6%。另外,采用了不同的双路合成结构来实现两种不同的合成式110 GHz倍频器。该功率合成式倍频器在两只127 μm 厚的 ALN 基片上焊接了四个分立的肖特基二极管。在800 mW的驱动功率下,两种合成式倍频器都测得了大于200 mW的输出功率,证明了利用该合成式倍频结构可实现更高输出功率。     

大功率单路和功率合成式100～115 GHz肖特基平衡式二倍频器（英文）

研究了基于肖特基二极管的单路和功率合成式110GHz大功率平衡式二倍频器。单路倍频器电路具有33%的峰值测试效率,且其工作带宽超过13.6%。另外,采用了不同的双路合成结构来实现两种不同的合成式110 GHz倍频器。该功率合成式倍频器在两只127 μm厚的ALN基片上焊接了四个分立的肖特基二极管。在800 mW的驱动功率下,两种合成式倍频器都测得了大于200 mW的输出功率,证明了利用该合成式倍频结构可实现更高输出功率。     

基于平面肖特基二极管的220 GHz二倍频器

介绍了一个基于平面肖特基二极管的220 GHz倍频器。该倍频器工作在室温下,结构简单。为了实现倍频,将一个具有4个反向串联肖特基结的变容二极管安置在石英基片上,直流偏置通过一个石英微带构成的低通滤波器加到二极管上。所有的石英电路基片都用导电胶粘接在波导腔体上,波导腔体是E面剖分的,表面镀金。220 GHz倍频器的测试结果表明,在选择合适的偏置电阻时,该倍频器具有15 mW的输出功率和5%的效率。在213~230 GHz频段,二倍频器的输出功率均在10 mW以上,且带内的功率波动非常小。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first