离散元与有限元耦合的时空多尺度计算方法

采用力学与动力学参数传递以及权值分配法,建立了离散元与有限元耦合的时空多尺度计算方法。弹性应力波传播算例模拟结果表明,时空多尺度计算方法具有时间与空间多尺度双重优势,有效提高了数值计算效率,并且模拟结果满足精确性要求。同时,将这一多尺度计算方法应用于激光辐照下受拉铝板破坏行为的数值模拟中,得到的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。     

离散单元法模拟颗粒在斜板上运动及分离过程

为了考察颗粒流的分离机制,基于离散单元法数值模拟了颗粒流在斜板上的运动和分离过程.进行了不同粗糙度斜板上等密度不同粒径的颗粒流,以及等粒径不同密度的颗粒流分离状况的模拟.结果表明:等密度不同粒径的颗粒流在斜板上流动时出现了明显的分离情况,且在表面粗糙度大的斜板上颗粒流的分离更加明显,而等粒径不同密度的颗粒流在斜板上流动时没有明显的分离情况.研究结果对理解颗粒流的分离机制具有指导作用.     

Predicting the dynamic behavior of asphalt concrete using three-dimensional discrete element method

A user-defined three-dimensional(3D)discrete element model was presented to predict the dynamic modulus and phase angle of asphalt concrete(AC).The 3D discrete element method(DEM)model of AC was constructed employing a user-defined computer program developed using the "Fish" language in PFC3D.Important microstructural features of AC were modeled,including aggregate gradation,air voids and mastic.The irregular shape of aggregate particle was modeled using a clump of spheres.The developed model was validated through comparing with experimental measurements and then used to simulate the cyclic uniaxial compression test,based on which the dynamic modulus and phase angle were calculated from the output stress-strain relationship.The effects of air void content,aggregate stiffness and volumetric fraction on AC modulus were further investigated.The experimental results show that the 3D DEM model is able to accurately predict both dynamic modulus and phase angle of AC across a range of temperature and loading frequencies.The user-defined 3D model also demonstrated significant improvement over the general existing two-dimensional models.     

基于粗集功效系数法的青岛地铁围岩稳定性研究

基于功效系数法的基本原理,在综合考虑青岛地铁实际地质情况的基础上,选取岩石抗压强度、完整系数、软化系数、结构面性态、地下水作为围岩稳定性的评价因素,并采用粗糙集理论确定各指标权重,建立了基于粗集功效系数法的地铁围岩稳定性评价模型。研究表明,稳定性分析结果与实际开挖情况相吻合,运用粗集功效系数法对青岛地铁进行围岩稳定性分析是可行的,为围岩稳定性分析提供一种新思路。     

Stochastic structural model of rock and soil aggregates by continuum-based discrete element method

Ancient slope[1], debris-flow deposit[2] and rock-filling dam[3] are usually made of rock and soil aggregates (RSA). The RSA is a typical inhomogeneous and discontinuous medium, and its main characteristics include: (i) loose piling up by blocks or particles, (ii) mixing of different blocks with a range of shapes and sizes, (iii) stochastic distribu- tion of blocks in space, (4) fillings often in between blocks. The mechanical properties of these rock and soil aggregates are commonly obtaine…     

分体冷却变压器的有限元二维热学模型仿真与分析

在大城市中,建立地下变电站多采用分体冷却变压器,然而目前针对分体冷却变压器的散热问题研究很少。采用有限元法对分体变压器温度场进行仿真计算。利用FLUENT软件建立了简化的分体冷却变压器二维模型,基于二维模型仿真计算得到的变压器温度场数据,并与试验测量数据进行对比,验证了二维模型仿真计算的有效性。分析了变压器上下油管壁厚和环境温度对温度的影响,为结构优化提供参考。     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability--Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.     

基于离散元法的沥青混合料性质分析

基于离散元理论方法,以AC-13、SMA-13两种混合料作为研究对象,介绍生成颗粒的方法,对比两种混合料颗粒生成情况与现实是否相符,结果表明:建模得到的两种混合料是悬浮密实型和骨架密实型,与实际相符;以两种混合料的劈裂试验为基础分析两者的性质,验证离散元方法的可行性。     

岩石强度尺寸效应的研究方法和机理的研究

论述了目前研究岩石强度尺寸效应现象的四种方法,指出了每种方法存在的不足,讨论了岩石强度尺寸效应产生的机理,探讨了岩石强度尺寸效应研究方法今后的发展方向.     

基于三维离散元法的钢桥面铺装层间剪切模拟

为了研究钢桥面铺装层间剪切破坏行为,采用离散元方法,建立钢桥面铺装复合结构试件的三维数值模型;通过DSR试验,获得沥青砂浆30℃和60℃条件下的Burgers模型参数,并计算得到沥青砂浆的细观参数作为离散元模型的输入参数;通过数值模拟分析了30℃和60℃条件下的钢桥面铺装层间剪切行为,与室内剪切试验结果进行对比,并且分析钢桥面铺装层间粘结失效情况和裂缝发展情况。研究结果表明,离散元数值模型能够较好地模拟铺装体系复合结构层间剪切行为;在虚拟剪切过程中,集料单元与钢板单元之间的粘结最先开始失效,随着剪切位移的逐渐增大,裂缝沿着钢板和沥青铺装层界面不断发展,最终贯穿整个界面。粘结失效集中在钢板与沥青铺装层界面之间,沥青铺装层内部单元之间没有粘结失效。     

基于Boosting-决策树C5.0的岩体结构面粗糙度预测

针对目前岩体结构面粗糙度系数（JRC）定量评价模型构建困难且预测精度较低的问题,搜集包括10条Barton标准剖面线在内的112条岩体结构面JRC,统计各剖面线的8种形态参数. 采用主成分分析降维处理形态参数,共得到5个主成分. 以前102组剖面线参数作为训练样本,采用Boosting-决策树C5.0算法构建模型,以10条Barton标准剖面线验证模型精度. 对比决策树C5.0模型、CHAID决策树模型、支持向量机（SVM）模型、类神经网络模型,分析各模型预测效果. 结果表明,Boosting-决策树C5.0模型的预测结果平均误差、均方根误差均最小. 建立的显式JRC预测模型,包含8层共计68节点的判别阈值.     

球磨机工作参数的离散元法分析与改进

引入离散单元法(Discrete Element Method)建立球磨机的介质动力学仿真模型,研究各种工作参数对球磨机生产效能的影响.DEM模型的运动仿真直观地给出了主要工作参数对介质运动形态的影响;通过对比仿真功率值与实验测量功率值,该模型得到了初步的有效性验证,同时给出了磨机功率随其转速变化的情况.利用该仿真模型对磨机结构进行对比可知,不同的提升条轮廓形状能使球磨机产生不同的能量利用率与磨损率效果.这些均显示了DEM仿真模型在分析和改进球磨机工作参数方面的能力.     

基于离散元法的沥青混合料虚拟疲劳试验方法

为了从细观角度深入分析沥青混合料疲劳机理,运用离散元方法实现了沥青混合料小梁试件的虚拟疲劳试验。首先,根据概率理论,建立了由混合料三维体积级配至沥青混合料二维数字试件数量级配推导公式;接着,根据蒙特卡洛方法,编制了考虑集料不规则形状的沥青混合料二维数字试件生成程序,以此生成了沥青混合料二维数字试件;然后,结合离散元基本原理,提出了包括沥青混合料离散元模型的建立、离散单元的接触模式选择和疲劳失效判断标准在内的一整套沥青混合料虚拟疲劳试验方法;最后,进行了沥青混合料小梁疲劳试验,并与基于离散元方法的虚拟试验结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,虚拟试验结果与真实试验结果相差无几,所建立的虚拟疲劳试验方法可以作为沥青混合料疲劳性能分析的辅助手段。     

加锚岩体力学效应的研究

岩体加锚的物理力学效应非常明显。利用理论分析和界面元数值模拟研究了锚杆对岩体内聚力、内摩擦角值的影响,讨论了不同的锚杆倾角及密度对岩体内聚力、内摩擦角值的影响程度。在此基础上,给出加锚后岩体等效内聚力的近似计算式。     

Numerical simulation on borehole breakout and borehole size effect using discrete element method

Estimation of horizontal stress magnitudes from borehole breakouts has been an attractive topic in the petroleum and mining industries, although there are critical research gaps that remain unfilled. In this paper, numerical simulation is conducted on Gosford sandstone to investigate the borehole breakout and its associated borehole size effect, including temperature influence. The discrete element method(DEM) model shows that the borehole breakout angular span is constant after the initial formation,whereas its depth propagates along the minimum horizontal stress direction. This indicates that the breakout angular span is a reliable parameter for horizontal stress estimation. The borehole size effect simulations illustrated the importance of borehole size on breakout geometries in which smaller borehole size leads to higher breakout initiation stress as well as the stress re-distribution from borehole wall outwards through micro-cracking. This implies that the stress may be averaged over a distance around the borehole and breakout initiation occurs at the borehole wall rather than some distance into the rock.In addition, the numerical simulation incorporated the thermal effect which is widely encountered in deep geothermal wells. Based on the results, the higher temperature led to lower breakout initiation stress with same borehole size, and more proportion of shear cracks was generated under higher temperature. This indicates that the temperature might contribute to the micro-fracturing mode and hence influences the horizontal stress estimation results from borehole breakout geometries. Numerical simulation showed that breakout shape and dimensions changed considerably under high stress and high temperature conditions, suggesting that the temperature may need to be considered for breakout stress analysis in deep locations.     

基于离散单元方法的多孔沥青混合料级配比选

应用离散单元方法结合PFC2D软件,对多孔沥青混合料的级配进行了评价,建立了细观尺度上的直观离散元数值模型,构建了粗细两种级配的PAC-13多孔沥青混合料骨架结构二维模型,进行了结构稳定性虚拟试验.仿真结果表明,相同空隙率条件下,PAC-13粗型级配的骨架结构比细型级配更稳定,结构承载力和抵抗局部变形的能力更佳.同时进...     

循环加载强化作用对花岗岩细观破坏影响的离散元研究

基于室内单轴压缩试验结果,采用离散元方法建立等效晶质模型（GBM）. 根据室内循环加卸载试验结果改进GBM模型晶内、晶间接触模型,建立能够准确表征循环加载强化作用的GBM强化模型,借此GBM强化模型揭示循环加载强化作用对花岗岩单轴压缩过程细观破坏的影响机制. 结果表明,在峰前应力阶段,自锁效应造成的应力分布不同,导致晶内/晶间接触出现以张拉为主的裂纹,石英、长石依次成为承载主体;在峰后应力阶段,前期强化作用所积蓄的剪切能量得到释放,导致长石出现密集的晶内裂纹,是试块失稳的主要标志;长石周边矿物差异性失效引起长石矿物破坏路径改变,造成试块峰值应力随强化系数增大呈现波动性增长. 构建的GBM强化模型为研究循环加载强化作用对脆性岩石不同加载路径细观破坏机制提供新方法.     

Tomography of the dynamic stress coefficient for stress wave prediction in sedimentary rock layer under the mining additional stress

In this study, the tomography of dynamic stress coefficient(TDSC) was established based on a mechanical model of stress wave propagation in bedding planes and a mathematical model of the stress wave attenuation in rock masses. The reliability of the TDSC was verified by a linear bedding plane model and field monitoring. Generally, the TDSC in the dynamic stress propagation of bedding planes increases with the following conditions:(1) the increase of the normal stiffness of the bedding plane,(2) the increase of the incident angle of the stress wave,(3) the decrease of the incident frequency of the stress wave, or(4) the growth of three ratios(the ratios of rock densities, elastic moduli, and the Poisson's ratios) of rocks on either side of bedding planes. The additional stress weakens TDSC linearly and slowly during the stress wave propagation in bedding planes, and the weakening effect increases with the growth of the three ratios. Besides, the TDSC decreases exponentially in the rock mass as propagation distance increases.In a field case, the TDSC decreases significantly as vertical and horizontal distances increase and its wave range increases as vertical distance increases in the sedimentary rock layers.     

Distinct element modelling of fracture plan control in continuum and jointed rock mass in presplitting method of surface mining

Controlled blasting techniques are used to control overbreak and to aid in the stability of the remaining rock formation. Presplitting is one of the most common methods which is used in many open pit m...