Structure and deformation measurements of shallow overburden during top coal caving longwall mining

Mining induced pressures are strong and overburden failure areas are large in top coal caving longwall mining, which constrains high production and safety mining. By employing the combination of the full view borehole photography technique and the seismic CT scanner technique, the deformation and failure of overlying strata of fully mechanized caving face in shallow coal seam were studied and the failure development of overburden was determined. Results show that the full view borehole photography can reveal the characteristics of strata, and the seismic CT scanner can reflect the characteristics of strata between the boreholes. The combined measurement technique can effectively determine the height of fractured and caved zones. The top end of the caved zone in Yangwangou coal mine employing the top coal caving longwall mining was at the depth of 171 m and fractured zone was at the depth of 106-110 m. The results provide a theoretic foundation for controlling the overburden strata in the shallow buried top coal caving panel.     

演马庄煤矿突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面防治煤与瓦斯突出的方法和措施

介绍了演马庄煤矿 2 70 2工作面突出煤层炮采放顶煤效果检验的方法和防止煤与瓦斯突出所采取的措施 ,提出突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面瓦斯抽放是防止煤与瓦斯突出的有效手段 ,当工作面有煤与瓦斯突出危险时 ,采取恰当的防突措施 ,能够降低煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度 ,可供同类工作面回采时借鉴     

Top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam

It is important to study the mining technology under structures for raising the coal resources recovery ratio. Based on the geological and mining conditions, the top coal caving harmonic mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was put forward and studied. The 5 factors such as the panel mining direction, panel size, panel location, panel mining sequence and panel advance velocity were taken into account in this technique. The dam movement and deformation were predicted after the thick coal seam mining and the effects of mining on the dam were studied. By setting up the surveying stations on the dam, the movement and deformation of the dam were observed during mining. By taking some protective measures on the dam, the top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was carried out successfully. The study demonstrates that harmonic mining in thick coal seam is feasible under the dam. The safety of the earth dam after mining was ensured and the coal resources recovery ratio was improved.     

用大地电磁频谱测量法探测煤矿区陷落柱

根据大地电磁频谱测量法的基本原理和特点,确定了相关的探测区大地电阻率模型,校正系数,将所得频率的标定直接转换为探测深度的刻度.通过探测实例,说明了大地电磁谱测量法在煤矿区探测陷落柱和识别煤层等的应用效果和应用前景.     

“三软”特厚煤层开采地表沉陷规律研究

洛阳常村煤矿开采煤层为"三软"特厚煤层,井田范围内村庄较多.为了合理回采村庄下煤柱、提高资源采出率,需要掌握该地质条件下的地表移动变形规律及参数.在该矿"三软"特厚煤层工作面建立了地表移动观测站,对地表沉陷进行现场观测,获得了大量的地表沉陷观测资料.通过对实测资料的分析,得出常村煤矿"三软"特厚煤层开采地表沉陷规律及其参数.研究结果表明:与一般地质采矿条件相比,"三软"特厚煤层放顶煤开采具有地表移动角量参数偏小、影响范围大、下沉系数大等特点,地表沉陷呈现塌陷坑及台阶裂缝形态.     

Systematic principles of surrounding rock control in longwall mining within thick coal seams

Effective surrounding rock control is a prerequisite for realizing safe mining in underground coal mines.In the past three decades, longwall top-coal caving mining(LTCC) and single pass large height longwall mining(SPLL) found expanded usage in extracting thick coal seams in China. The two mining methods lead to large void space left behind the working face, which increases the difficulty in ground control.Longwall face failure is a common problem in both LTCC and SPLL mining. Such failure is conventionally attributed to low strength and high fracture intensity of the coal seam. However, the stiffness of main components included in the surrounding rock system also greatly influences longwall face stability.Correspondingly, surrounding rock system is developed for LTCC and SPLL faces in this paper. The conditions for simultaneous balance of roof structure and longwall face are put forward by taking the stiffness of coal seam, roof strata and hydraulic support into account. The safety factor of the longwall face is defined as the ratio between the ultimate bearing capacity and actual load imposed on the coal wall.The influences provided by coal strength, coal stiffness, roof stiffness, and hydraulic support stiffness,as well as the movement of roof structure are analyzed. Finally, the key elements dominating longwall face stability are identified for improving surrounding rock control effectiveness in LTCC and SPLL faces.     

两硬综放面顶煤顶板冒放结构探讨

用深基点观测和理论分析的方法揭示坚硬顶板、坚硬煤层条件下综放开采顶煤顶板活动规律及其冒放结构，结论对生产有现实的指导意义。     

高瓦斯煤层群保护层开采卸压效果数值模拟

为合理选择保护层,针对高瓦斯突出煤层群安全开采问题,分析了保护层开采的保护作用机理,即保护层开采可对被保护层起到卸压增透作用,改善被保护层的瓦斯抽放效果是解决煤与瓦斯突出问题及瓦斯灾害的重要技术手段;卸压对煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯问题的解决具有决定作用.针对某矿高瓦斯突出煤层群生产地质条件,采用FLAC3D数值软件模拟2个非突出煤层作为保护层开采时的卸压效果,并对其进行了分析比较,研究结果可为保护层的合理选择提供参考依据.     

An influence function method based subsidence prediction program for longwall mining operations in inclined coal seams

The distribution of the final surface subsidence basin induced by longwall operations in inclined coal seam could be significantly different from that in flat coal seam and demands special prediction methods. Though many empirical prediction methods have been developed, these methods are inflexible for varying geological and mining conditions. An influence function method has been developed to take the advantage of its fundamentally sound nature and flexibility. In developing this method, significant modifications have been made to the original Knothe function to produce an asymmetrical influence function. The empirical equations for final subsidence parameters derived from US subsidence data and Chinese empirical values have been incorporated into the mathematical models to improve the prediction accuracy. A corresponding computer program is developed. A number of subsidence cases for longwall mining operations in coal seams with varying inclination angles have been used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed subsidence prediction model.     

晋城矿区东部9号煤层及其顶底板岩性的研究

通过对 9号煤层及其顶底板岩性的研究 ,得出如下结论 :9号煤层煤层厚度变化很大 ,但层位稳定 ,在现代开采技术条件下应属大部可采煤层 ;9号煤层顶板K4灰岩厚度不稳定、相变大 ,须注意小于 0 .5m厚度顶板范围及相变部位的顶板管理 ;9号煤层底板为高岭石粘土岩 ,遇水易膨胀底鼓 ,对综采机械化生产可造成影响     

巨厚煤层冲击地压的防治研究

通过对义煤集团千秋煤矿有冲击倾向巨厚煤层冲击现象现状、特点及影响因素分析,结合该矿的生产实践,提出了适合该条件的冲击危险预测方法及相应解危措施,并进一步提出解危措施效果检验方法以及以上工作失败、冲击地压突发情况下的应急措施;在此基础上建立了适合义煤千秋矿巨厚煤层冲击地压防治的安全开采体系,成功地进行了巨厚煤层的综放开采,从而为有冲击倾向巨厚煤层的安全开采提供了成功范例.     

木城涧煤矿异常条件下回采底分层空间模拟试验研究

通过对北京矿务局木城涧煤矿不具备常规条件下十槽煤底分层的相似材料模拟试验研究 ,证明了回采上分层时顶板冒落情况和矿压显现规律 ,初步探明了留与不留煤皮假顶情况下 ,回采下分层时顶板岩层二次失稳情况和矿压显现规律 ,为类似条件下开采底分层制定合理的回采方案、安全技术措施等提供重要的依据     

岱庄煤矿近距离煤层微量元素赋存特征研究

煤矿开采的主要对象是煤层,煤层对比清楚与否,直接影响煤矿安全生产和经济效益.岱庄煤矿3上1、3上及3下煤层相距较近,区分不明显,容易造成采掘巷道串层现象.对岱庄煤矿可采煤层中微量元素赋存特征开展研究,掌握不同煤层中微量元素的赋存状况,可很好地判断岱庄煤矿煤层层位,能有效避免地质构造等因素造成近距离煤层采掘串层现象,对合理设计开采方案和采掘进度有重大意义,从而为岱庄煤矿安全、高效生产提供科学依据和保障.     

Effects of overburden characteristics on dynamic failure in underground coal mining

Dynamic failures, or ‘‘bumps, remain an imperative safety concern in underground coal mining, despite significant advancements in engineering controls. The presence of spatially discrete, stiff roof units are one feature that has been linked to these events. However, an empirical stratigraphic review indicates that no significant difference exists in the relative commonality of discrete units between bumping and non-bumping deposits. Instead an apparent relationship exists between reportable bumping and the overall stiffness of the host rock. However, this initial study is too simplistic to be conclusive; to weight the relative impact of changes in a single variable, such as the thickness or location of sandstone members, it must be examined in isolation—i.e., in a setting where all other variables are held constant.Numerical modelling provides this setting, and the effects of variability in a stiff discrete member in a hypothetical longwall mining scenario are investigated within the context of three stratigraphic ‘‘types,Compliant, Intermediate and Stiff. A modelling experiment examines changes in rupture potential in stiff roof units for each stratigraphic type as discrete unit thickness and location are manipulated through a range of values. Results suggest that the stiff-to-compliant ratio of the host rock has an impact on the relative stress-inducing effects of discrete stiff members. In other words, it is necessary to consider both the thickness and the distance to the seam, within the context of the host rock, to accurately anticipate areas of elevated rupture-induced hazard; acknowledging the presence of a discrete unit within the overburden in general terms is an insufficient indicator of risk. This finding helps to refine our understanding of the role of individual stiff, strong roof members in bumping phenomena, and suggests that a holistic view of overburden lithology and site-specific numerical modelling may be necessary to improve miner safety.     

Characteristics and stability of slope movement response to underground mining of shallow coal seams away from gullies

Underground pressure is abnormal during mining of shallow coal seams under gullies.We studied gully slope movements,subject to underground mining,with physical simulation and theoretical analysis.The r...     

复杂条件下大倾角对放顶煤冒放规律的影响研究

根据申家庄煤矿2208工作面具体的工程地质条件，理论分析了大倾角对顶煤冒放性的影响，指出大倾角将使工作面上、中、下部产生三种性质不同的力学结构，并通过RFPA有限元软件分别对这三种结构的冒放特征进行了数值模拟，揭示了大倾角煤层顶煤的冒放规律，对该矿优化采煤工艺、提高煤炭采出率有重要指导意义。     

复杂条件下大倾角对放顶煤冒放规律的影响研究

根据申家庄煤矿2208工作面具体的工程地质条件,理论分析了大倾角对顶煤冒放性的影响,指出大倾角将使工作面上、中、下部产生三种性质不同的力学结构,并通过RFPA有限元软件分别对这三种结构的冒放特征进行了数值模拟,揭示了大倾角煤层顶煤的冒放规律,对该矿优化采煤工艺、提高煤炭采出率有重要指导意义。     

Comparative study of mining methods for reserves beneath end slope in flat surface mines with ultra-thick coal seams

The paper aims to identify a reasonable method for mining ultra-thick coal seams in an end-slope in surface mine, With a case study of Heidaigou surface coal mine(HSCM), the paper conducted a comparative research on three mining methods, namely Underground Mining Method(UMM), Highwall Mining System(HMS) and Local Steep Slope Mining Method(LSSMM). A model was firstly established to simulate the impact that UMM and HMS exert on monitoring points and surface deformation. The way that stripping and excavation amount varies with different slope angle, and the corresponding end slope stability were analyzed in the mode of LSSMM. Then a TOPSIS model was established by taking into account six indicators such as recovery ratio, technical complexity and adaptability, the impact on surface mining production, production safety and economic benefits. Finally, LSSMM was determined as the best mining method for mining ultra-thick coal seams in end slope in HSCM.     

Development of 3D top coal caving angle model for fully mechanized extra-thick coal seam miningOA

During high-intensity, fully mechanized mining of extra-thick coal seam, the top coal would cave to a certain 3D form. Based on the data collected during drilling, a 3D model of top coal caving surface space was established to determine the relationship between the location of the stope roof and the caving surface,enabling the mathematical computation of the top caving angle(φ). The drilling method was employed to measure the top caving angle on two extra-thick fully mechanized coal caving faces...